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Ünal A, Ülfer G. Assessment of Serum Zonulin Levels in Individuals Diagnosed With Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Ann Dermatol 2024; 36:231-235. [PMID: 39082659 PMCID: PMC11291101 DOI: 10.5021/ad.24.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been reports indicating a correlation between heightened intestinal permeability and many autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. The involvement of autoimmunity is now recognized as a significant factor in the development of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Zonulin is an important biomarker that regulates tight junction permeability within cells in the gastrointestinal tract, hence facilitating intestinal permeability. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation of CSU with intestinal permeability by measuring the serum levels of zonulin in patients diagnosed with CSU. METHODS The study included 60 patients diagnosed with CSU and 64 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals as controls. Levels of serum zonulin were determined using the ELISA method. RESULTS Although the serum zonulin value of the patients was higher compared to the controls, the difference did not reach a significant level (24.65±8.49 ng/ml vs. 21.03±7.36 ng/ml, p=0.077). The serum zonulin level had a significant correlation with the urticaria activity score in the CSU group (p=0.013). The results of the current study revealed that serum zonulin values significantly differed between patients with CSU and healthy controls. CONCLUSION This study is important in terms of being the first to investigate the serum zonulin levels in CSU. However, there is a need for further studies with larger patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkım Ünal
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gözde Ülfer
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Bosselaar S, Dhelin L, Dautel E, Titecat M, Duthoy S, Stelmaszczyk M, Delory N, De Sousa Violante M, Machuron F, Ait-Abderrahim H, Desreumaux P, Foligné B, Monnet C. Taxonomic and phenotypic analysis of bifidobacteria isolated from IBD patients as potential probiotic strains. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:233. [PMID: 38951788 PMCID: PMC11218132 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are a major public health issue with unclear aetiology. Changes in the composition and functionality of the intestinal microbiota are associated with these pathologies, including the depletion of strict anaerobes such as Feacalibacterium prausnitzii. Less evidence is observed for depletion in other anaerobes, among which bifidobacteria. This study characterized the taxonomic and functional diversity of bifidobacteria isolated from the human intestinal microbiota in active and non-active IBD patients by a culturomics approach and evaluated if these bifidobacteria might be used as probiotics for gut health. RESULTS A total of 341 bifidobacteria were isolated from the intestinal microbiota of IBD patients (52 Crohn's disease and 26 ulcerative colitis patients), with a high proportion of Bifidobacterium dentium strains (28% of isolated bifidobacteria). In ulcerative colitis, the major species identified was B. dentium (39% of isolated bifidobacteria), in active and non-active ulcerative colitis. In Crohn's disease, B. adolescentis was the major species isolated from non-active patients (40%), while similar amounts of B. dentium and B. adolescentis were found in active Crohn's disease patients. The relative abundance of B. dentium was increased with age, both in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and active and non-active IBD patients. Antibacterial capacities of bifidobacteria isolated from non-active ulcerative colitis against Escherichia coli LF82 and Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028 were observed more often compared to strains isolated from active ulcerative colitis. Finally, B. longum were retained as strains with the highest probiotic potential as they were the major strains presenting exopolysaccharide synthesis, antibacterial activity, and anti-inflammatory capacities. Antimicrobial activity and EPS synthesis were further correlated to the presence of antimicrobial and EPS gene clusters by in silico analysis. CONCLUSIONS Different bifidobacterial taxonomic profiles were identified in the microbiota of IBD patients. The most abundant species were B. dentium, mainly associated to the microbiota of ulcerative colitis patients and B. adolescentis, in the intestinal microbiota of Crohn's disease patients. Additionally, the relative abundance of B. dentium significantly increased with age. Furthermore, this study evidenced that bifidobacteria with probiotic potential (antipathogenic activity, exopolysaccharide production and anti-inflammatory activity), especially B. longum strains, can be isolated from the intestinal microbiota of both active and non-active Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Bosselaar
- Lesaffre International - Lesaffre Institute of Science and Technology, 101 Rue de Menin, 59706, Marcq-en-Barœul, France.
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Lucile Dhelin
- Lesaffre International - Lesaffre Institute of Science and Technology, 101 Rue de Menin, 59706, Marcq-en-Barœul, France
| | - Ellena Dautel
- Lesaffre International - Lesaffre Institute of Science and Technology, 101 Rue de Menin, 59706, Marcq-en-Barœul, France
| | - Marie Titecat
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Duthoy
- Lesaffre International - Lesaffre Institute of Science and Technology, 101 Rue de Menin, 59706, Marcq-en-Barœul, France
| | - Marie Stelmaszczyk
- Lesaffre International - Lesaffre Institute of Science and Technology, 101 Rue de Menin, 59706, Marcq-en-Barœul, France
| | - Nathan Delory
- Lesaffre International - Lesaffre Institute of Science and Technology, 101 Rue de Menin, 59706, Marcq-en-Barœul, France
| | - Madeleine De Sousa Violante
- Lesaffre International - Lesaffre Institute of Science and Technology, 101 Rue de Menin, 59706, Marcq-en-Barœul, France
| | - François Machuron
- Lesaffre International - Lesaffre Institute of Science and Technology, 101 Rue de Menin, 59706, Marcq-en-Barœul, France
| | - Hassina Ait-Abderrahim
- Lesaffre International - Lesaffre Institute of Science and Technology, 101 Rue de Menin, 59706, Marcq-en-Barœul, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000, Lille, France
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Lille University Hospital, 59037, Lille, France
| | - Benoit Foligné
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Céline Monnet
- Lesaffre International - Lesaffre Institute of Science and Technology, 101 Rue de Menin, 59706, Marcq-en-Barœul, France
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3
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Li M, Li H, Yuan T, Liu Z, Li Y, Tan Y, Long Y. MUC21: a new target for tumor treatment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1410761. [PMID: 38933439 PMCID: PMC11199685 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1410761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
MUC21, also known as Epiglycanin, is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein with transmembrane mucin properties. It consists of a tandem repeat domain, a stem domain, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail. MUC21 is expressed is observed in normal tissues in organs like the thymus, testes, lungs, and large intestine. Research has shown that MUC21 is expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma, thyroid cancer, melanoma, and various other malignant tumors in distinctive manner. Additionally, tumor invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis are linked to it. Some researchers believe that MUC21 has the potential to become a new target in cancer treatment. This review aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of the glycosylation, function, and research progress of MUC21 in multiple types of cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Jishou University Zhuzhou Clinical College, Medical College, Jishou University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- Medical College, Jishou University, Jishou, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Medical College, Jishou University, Jishou, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yingzheng Tan
- Jishou University Zhuzhou Clinical College, Medical College, Jishou University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- Medical College, Jishou University, Jishou, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yunzhu Long
- Jishou University Zhuzhou Clinical College, Medical College, Jishou University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- Medical College, Jishou University, Jishou, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
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Chang HY, Chen SY, Lin JA, Chen YY, Chen YY, Liu YC, Yen GC. Phyllanthus emblica Fruit Improves Obesity by Reducing Appetite and Enhancing Mucosal Homeostasis via the Gut Microbiota-Brain-Liver Axis in HFD-Induced Leptin-Resistant Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10406-10419. [PMID: 38659208 PMCID: PMC11082930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The impact of leptin resistance on intestinal mucosal barrier integrity, appetite regulation, and hepatic lipid metabolism through the microbiota-gut-brain-liver axis has yet to be determined. Water extract of Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit (WEPE) and its bioactive compound gallic acid (GA) effectively alleviated methylglyoxal (MG)-triggered leptin resistance in vitro. Therefore, this study investigated how WEPE and GA intervention relieve leptin resistance-associated dysfunction in the intestinal mucosa, appetite, and lipid accumulation through the microbiota-gut-brain-liver axis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. The results showed that WEPE and GA significantly reduced tissues (jejunum, brain, and liver) MG-evoked leptin resistance, malondialdehyde (MDA), proinflammatory cytokines, SOCS3, orexigenic neuropeptides, and lipid accumulation through increasing leptin receptor, tight junction proteins, antimicrobial peptides, anorexigenic neuropeptides, excretion of fecal triglyceride (TG), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) via a positive correlation with the Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium microbiota. These novel findings suggest that WEPE holds the potential as a functional food ingredient for alleviating obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Chang
- Department
of Food Science and Biotechnology, National
Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yi Chen
- Department
of Food Science and Biotechnology, National
Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jer-An Lin
- Graduate
Institute of Food Safety, National Chung
Hsing University, 145
Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yin Chen
- Department
of Food Science and Biotechnology, National
Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Department
of Food Science and Biotechnology, National
Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Liu
- Department
of Food Science and Biotechnology, National
Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department
of Food Science and Biotechnology, National
Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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5
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Wu Y, Wang Q, Jia S, Lu Q, Zhao M. Gut-tropic T cells and extra-intestinal autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2024:103544. [PMID: 38604462 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Gut-tropic T cells primarily originate from gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), and gut-tropic integrins mediate the trafficking of the T cells to the gastrointestinal tract, where their interplay with local hormones dictates the residence of the immune cells in both normal and compromised gastrointestinal tissues. Targeting gut-tropic integrins is an effective therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Gut-tropic T cells are further capable of entering the peripheral circulatory system and relocating to multiple organs. There is mounting evidence indicating a correlation between gut-tropic T cells and extra-intestinal autoimmune disorders. This review aims to systematically discuss the origin, migration, and residence of gut-tropic T cells and their association with extra-intestinal autoimmune-related diseases. These discoveries are expected to offer new understandings into the development of a range of autoimmune disorders, as well as innovative approaches for preventing and treating the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China
| | - Qiaolin Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Sujie Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China.
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6
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Schreiber F, Balas I, Robinson MJ, Bakdash G. Border Control: The Role of the Microbiome in Regulating Epithelial Barrier Function. Cells 2024; 13:477. [PMID: 38534321 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut mucosal epithelium is one of the largest organs in the body and plays a critical role in regulating the crosstalk between the resident microbiome and the host. To this effect, the tight control of what is permitted through this barrier is of high importance. There should be restricted passage of harmful microorganisms and antigens while at the same time allowing the absorption of nutrients and water. An increased gut permeability, or "leaky gut", has been associated with a variety of diseases ranging from infections, metabolic diseases, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases to neurological conditions. Several factors can affect gut permeability, including cytokines, dietary components, and the gut microbiome. Here, we discuss how the gut microbiome impacts the permeability of the gut epithelial barrier and how this can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes.
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7
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Hensel IV, Éliás S, Steinhauer M, Stoll B, Benfatto S, Merkt W, Krienke S, Lorenz HM, Haas J, Wildemann B, Resnik-Docampo M. SLE serum induces altered goblet cell differentiation and leakiness in human intestinal organoids. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:547-574. [PMID: 38316934 PMCID: PMC10940301 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Human intestinal epithelial cells are the interface between luminal content and basally residing immune cells. They form a tight monolayer that constantly secretes mucus creating a multilayered protective barrier. Alterations in this barrier can lead to increased permeability which is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. However, it remains unexplored how the barrier is affected. Here, we present an in vitro model specifically designed to examine the effects of SLE on epithelial cells. We utilize human colon organoids that are stimulated with serum from SLE patients. Combining transcriptomic with functional analyses revealed that SLE serum induced an expression profile marked by a reduction of goblet cell markers and changed mucus composition. In addition, organoids exhibited imbalanced cellular composition along with enhanced permeability, altered mitochondrial function, and an interferon gene signature. Similarly, transcriptomic analysis of SLE colon biopsies revealed a downregulation of secretory markers. Our work uncovers a crucial connection between SLE and intestinal homeostasis that might be promoted in vivo through the blood, offering insights into the causal connection of barrier dysfunction and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wolfgang Merkt
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Krienke
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanns-Martin Lorenz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Haas
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Wildemann
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Coutry N, Gasmi I, Herbert F, Jay P. Mechanisms of intestinal dysbiosis: new insights into tuft cell functions. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2379624. [PMID: 39042424 PMCID: PMC11268228 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2379624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Symbiosis between the host and intestinal microbial communities is essential for human health. Disruption in this symbiosis is linked to gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, as well as extra-gastrointestinal diseases. Unbalanced gut microbiome or gut dysbiosis contributes in multiple ways to disease frequency, severity and progression. Microbiome taxonomic profiling and metabolomics approaches greatly improved our understanding of gut dysbiosis features; however, the precise mechanisms involved in gut dysbiosis establishment still need to be clarified. The aim of this review is to present new actors and mechanisms underlying gut dysbiosis formation following parasitic infection or in a context of altered Paneth cells, revealing the existence of a critical crosstalk between Paneth and tuft cells to control microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Coutry
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Imène Gasmi
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien Herbert
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Jay
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
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9
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Chen C, Beloqui A, Xu Y. Oral nanomedicine biointeractions in the gastrointestinal tract in health and disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115117. [PMID: 37898337 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration is the preferred route of administration based on the convenience for and compliance of the patient. Oral nanomedicines have been developed to overcome the limitations of free drugs and overcome gastrointestinal (GI) barriers, which are heterogeneous across healthy and diseased populations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview and comparison of the oral nanomedicine biointeractions in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in health and disease (GI and extra-GI diseases) and highlight emerging strategies that exploit these differences for oral nanomedicine-based treatment. We introduce the key GI barriers related to oral delivery and summarize their pathological changes in various diseases. We discuss nanomedicine biointeractions in the GIT in health by describing the general biointeractions based on the type of oral nanomedicine and advanced biointeractions facilitated by advanced strategies applied in this field. We then discuss nanomedicine biointeractions in different diseases and explore how pathological characteristics have been harnessed to advance the development of oral nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ana Beloqui
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; WEL Research Institute, avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium.
| | - Yining Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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10
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Berryman MA, Ilonen J, Triplett EW, Ludvigsson J. Important denominator between autoimmune comorbidities: a review of class II HLA, autoimmune disease, and the gut. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270488. [PMID: 37828987 PMCID: PMC10566625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are associated with more diseases than any other region of the genome. Highly polymorphic HLA genes produce variable haplotypes that are specifically correlated with pathogenically different autoimmunities. Despite differing etiologies, however, many autoimmune disorders share the same risk-associated HLA haplotypes often resulting in comorbidity. This shared risk remains an unanswered question in the field. Yet, several groups have revealed links between gut microbial community composition and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity is frequently associated with dysbiosis, resulting in loss of barrier function and permeability of tight junctions, which increases HLA class II expression levels and thus further influences the composition of the gut microbiome. However, autoimmune-risk-associated HLA haplotypes are connected to gut dysbiosis long before autoimmunity even begins. This review evaluates current research on the HLA-microbiome-autoimmunity triplex and proposes that pre-autoimmune bacterial dysbiosis in the gut is an important determinant between autoimmune comorbidities with systemic inflammation as a common denominator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan A. Berryman
- Triplett Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eric W. Triplett
- Triplett Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Crown Princess Victoria’s Children’s Hospital and Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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