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Clark A, Ferkh A, Vandenberg J, Elhindi J, Thomas L. Altered left atrial metrics in patients with cryptogenic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14175. [PMID: 38308431 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no defined cause for cryptogenic stroke/embolic stroke of undetermined source (CS-ESUS). As atrial fibrillation (AF) develops in a significant proportion of these patients, it has been suggested that left atrial (LA) myopathy may predispose to CS-ESUS. We investigated alterations in echocardiographic measures of LA size and function in patients with CS-ESUS. METHODS A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was performed. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and SCOPUS were searched for articles published between 1 January 1990 and 10 February 2023. All observational studies of adult CS-ESUS patients with LA volume or function measurements performed by transthoracic echocardiogram were included. Individual random effects meta-analyses were performed on LA measurements in the CS-ESUS patients using subgroup analysis of comparator groups. RESULTS We included 29 articles with 3927 CS-ESUS patients. Analysis of weighted mean differences showed CS-ESUS patients had altered LA structure and function parameters, with a larger maximum indexed LA volume, reduced LA emptying fraction and/or LA reservoir strain, compared to healthy controls and noncardioembolic stroke patients. Conversely, CS-ESUS patients had a smaller left atrium with better function, compared to cardioembolic stroke patients and CS-ESUS patients who subsequently developed atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS LA volume and function are altered in CS-ESUS patients compared to healthy controls and other stroke aetiologies. An underlying atrial myopathy in a subset of CS-ESUS patients may be involved in both thrombogenesis and dysrhythmia (specifically AF). While LA functional assessment is not currently recommended following stroke, it may offer an opportunity for recurrent stroke risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Clark
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aaisha Ferkh
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie Vandenberg
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Elhindi
- WSLHD Research and Education Network, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Liza Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Ninni S, Algalarrondo V, Brette F, Lemesle G, Fauconnier J. Left atrial cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiological insights, assessment methods and clinical implications. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 117:283-296. [PMID: 38490844 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Atrial cardiomyopathy is defined as any complex of structural, architectural, contractile or electrophysiological changes affecting atria, with the potential to produce clinically relevant manifestations. Most of our knowledge about the mechanistic aspects of atrial cardiomyopathy is derived from studies investigating animal models of atrial fibrillation and atrial tissue samples obtained from individuals who have a history of atrial fibrillation. Several noninvasive tools have been reported to characterize atrial cardiomyopathy in patients, which may be relevant for predicting the risk of incident atrial fibrillation and its related outcomes, such as stroke. Here, we provide an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atrial cardiomyopathy, and discuss the complex interplay of these mechanisms, including aging, left atrial pressure overload, metabolic disorders and genetic factors. We discuss clinical tools currently available to characterize atrial cardiomyopathy, including electrocardiograms, cardiac imaging and serum biomarkers. Finally, we discuss the clinical impact of atrial cardiomyopathy, and its potential role for predicting atrial fibrillation, stroke, heart failure and dementia. Overall, this review aims to highlight the critical need for a clinically relevant definition of atrial cardiomyopathy to improve treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Ninni
- CHU de Lille, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Vincent Algalarrondo
- Department of Cardiology, Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Brette
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jérémy Fauconnier
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34093 Montpellier, France
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Soulat-Dufour L, Ichou F, Ponnaiah M, Lang S, Ederhy S, Adavane-Scheuble S, Chauvet-Droit M, Capderou E, Arnaud C, Le Goff W, Boccara F, Hatem SN, Cohen A. Left atrial strain: A memory of the severity of atrial myocardial stress in atrial fibrillation. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 117:134-142. [PMID: 38290892 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left atrial (LA) strain is a simple marker of LA function. The aim of the study was to evaluate the determinants of atrial cardiomyopathy in AF. METHODS In this pilot study, we prospectively evaluated clinical, biological, metabolomic and echocardiographic parameters for 85 consecutive patients hospitalized for atrial fibrillation (AF) with restoration of sinus rhythm at 6 months. Eighty-one patients with an analysable LA strain at 6 months were divided into groups according to median reservoir strain:<23.3% (n=40) versus≥23.3% (n=41). RESULTS Compared to patients with the highest LA strain, patients with lowest LA strain had multiple differences at admission: clinical (older age; more frequent history of AF; more patterns of persistent AF); biological (higher fasting blood glucose levels, glycated haemoglobin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and urea; lower glomerular filtration rate); metabolomic (higher levels of kynurenine, kynurenine/tryptophan, and urea/creatinine; lower levels of arginine and methionine/methionine sulfoxide); and echocardiographic (higher two-dimensional end-systolic LA volume [LAV] indexes; higher three-dimensional end-systolic and end-diastolic LAV and right atrial volume indexes; lower LA and right atrial emptying fractions and three-dimensional right ventricular ejection fraction) (all P<0.05). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to predict LA strain alteration at 6 months was highest for a combined score including clinical, biological, metabolomic and echocardiographic variables at admission (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.871; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS LA reservoir strain could be a memory of initial atrial myocardial stress in AF. It can be predicted using a combination of clinical, biological, metabolomic and echocardiographic admission variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Soulat-Dufour
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Antoine and Tenon Hospitals, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 1166, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Farid Ichou
- Inserm UMRS 1166, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Maharajah Ponnaiah
- Inserm UMRS 1166, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Lang
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Antoine and Tenon Hospitals, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Ederhy
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Antoine and Tenon Hospitals, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 1166, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Saroumadi Adavane-Scheuble
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Antoine and Tenon Hospitals, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Marion Chauvet-Droit
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Antoine and Tenon Hospitals, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Elodie Capderou
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Antoine and Tenon Hospitals, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Camille Arnaud
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Antoine and Tenon Hospitals, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Inserm UMRS 1166, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Franck Boccara
- Inserm 938, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université Site Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane N Hatem
- Inserm UMRS 1166, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ariel Cohen
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Antoine and Tenon Hospitals, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 1166, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France.
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4
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Bashir Z, Chen EW, Wang S, Shu L, Goldstein ED, Rana M, Kala N, Dai X, Mandel D, Has P, Xie M, Wang T, Dickey JB, Poppas A, Simmons J, Song C, Yaghi S, Haines P. Left atrial strain, embolic stroke of undetermined source, and atrial fibrillation detection. Echocardiography 2024; 41:e15738. [PMID: 38284672 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial cardiopathy is a proposed mechanism of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Left atrial (LA) strain may identify early atrial cardiopathy prior to structural changes. We aim to study the associations between LA strain, ESUS, and atrial fibrillation (AF) detection in ESUS. METHODS The study population included patients with ESUS and noncardioembolic (NCE) stroke presenting to the Rhode Island Hospital Stroke Center between January 2016 and June 2017 who underwent transthoracic echocardiography. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) was used to measure the three phases of LA strain (reservoir, conduit, and contractile). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the associations between LA strain and stroke subtype (ESUS vs. NCE) as well as follow-up detection of AF in ESUS patients. RESULTS We identified 656 patients, 307 with ESUS and 349 with NCE. In binary logistic regression, the lowest tertiles of LA reservoir (adjusted OR 1.944, 95% CI 1.266-2.986, p = .002), contractile (aOR 1.568, 95% CI 1.035-2.374, p = .034), and conduit strain (aOR 2.288, 95% CI 1.448-3.613, p = .001) were more likely to be significantly associated with ESUS compared to NCE stroke. Among all ESUS patients, the lowest tertiles of LA reservoir strain (OR 2.534, 95% CI 1.029-6.236, p = .043), contractile strain (OR 2.828, 95% CI 1.158-6.903, p = .022), and conduit strain (OR 2.614, 95% CI 1.003-6.815, p = .049) were significantly associated with subsequent detection of AF. CONCLUSION Reduced LA strain is associated with ESUS occurrence and AF detection in ESUS patients. Therefore, quantification of LA strain in ESUS patients may improve risk stratification and guide secondary prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Bashir
- Department of Cardiology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Edward W Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqi Shu
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Eric D Goldstein
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Maheen Rana
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Narendra Kala
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Daniel Mandel
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Phinnara Has
- Lifespan Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Research Design, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - John B Dickey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcestor, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Athena Poppas
- Department of Cardiology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - James Simmons
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Christopher Song
- Department of Cardiology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Shadi Yaghi
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Philip Haines
- Department of Cardiology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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5
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Angelini E, Sieweke JT, Berliner D, Biber S, Hohmann S, Oldhafer M, Schallhorn S, Duncker D, Veltmann C, Bauersachs J, Bavendiek U. Echocardiographic parameters indicating left atrial reverse remodeling after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1270422. [PMID: 38164465 PMCID: PMC10757954 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1270422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The echocardiographic parameters total atrial conduction time (PA-TDI duration), left atrial (LA) volume index (LAVI), and LA strain reflect adverse atrial remodeling and predict atrial fibrillation (AF). Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate echocardiographic parameters indicating reverse LA remodeling and potential associations with AF recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Methods This prospective observational study consecutively enrolled patients scheduled for PVI for symptomatic AF. Electrocardiogram (ECG) test and transthoracic echocardiography were performed the day before and after PVI and again 3 months later. AF recurrence was determined by Holter ECG at 3 months, and telephone follow-up at 12 months, after PVI. The parameters of LA remodeling [PA-TDI, LAVI, and LA strain analysis: reservoir strain (LASr), conduit strain (LAScd), contraction strain (LASct)] were determined by transthoracic echocardiography. Results A total of 48 patients were included in the study (mean age: 61.4 ± 12.2 years). PA-TDI significantly decreased the day after PVI compared with the baseline (septal PA-TDI 103 ± 13 vs. 82 ± 14.9 ms, p ≤ 0.001; lateral PA-TDI 122.4 ± 14.8 vs. 106.9 ± 14.4 ms, p ≤ 0.001) and at the 3-month follow-up (septal PA-TDI: 77.8 ± 14.5, p ≤ 0.001; lateral PA-TDI 105.2 ± 16.1, p ≤ 0.001). LAVI showed a significant reduction at the 3-month follow-up compared with the baseline (47.7 ± 14.4 vs. 40.5 ± 9.7, p < 0.05). LASr, LAScd, and LASct did not change after PVI compared with the baseline. AF recurred in 10 patients after PVI (21%). Septal PA-TDI, septal a', and LAVI/a' determined the day after PVI were associated with AF recurrence. Conclusion Changes in echocardiographic parameters of LA remodeling and function indicate that functional electromechanical recovery preceded morphological reverse remodeling of the left atrium after PVI. Furthermore, these changes in echocardiographic parameters indicating LA reverse remodeling after PVI may identify patients at high risk of AF recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Angelini
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan-Thorben Sieweke
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dominik Berliner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Saskia Biber
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Hohmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximiliane Oldhafer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven Schallhorn
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - David Duncker
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Veltmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Electrophysiology, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Udo Bavendiek
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Akintoye E, Majid M, Klein AL, Hanna M. Prognostic Utility of Left Atrial Strain to Predict Thrombotic Events and Mortality in Amyloid Cardiomyopathy. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 16:1371-1383. [PMID: 37940322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently no thromboembolic risk stratification tool for amyloid cardiomyopathy (ACM) and the current survival staging systems for ACM have only modest discriminatory ability. OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of left atrial (LA) strain to predict incident thrombotic event (TE) and improve survival staging systems in ACM. METHODS The authors identified patients with light chain (AL) or transthyretin (ATTR) ACM and no history of atrial fibrillation (AF) at diagnosis. Three components of LA strain (reservoir, conduit, and contractile) were measured and their predictive value for TE and mortality was determined. In addition, the authors evaluated the incremental utility of adding LA strain to current prognostic staging systems. RESULTS The authors included 448 patients (50.2% AL; 49.8% ATTR) with median follow-up of 3.8 years. There were 64 (14.3%) TE cases, 103 (23%) AF cases, and 234 (52.2%) deaths. Notably, 75% of TEs occurred without preceding AF documented. LA strain reservoir and LA contractile strain significantly predicted both events: HRs for TE were 2.22 (95% CI: 1.27-3.85; P = 0.006) and 2.63 (95% CI: 1.25-5.00; P = 0.01) per SD decrease in LA strain reservoir and LA contractile strain, respectively. The respective HRs for mortality were 1.32 (95% CI: 1.09-1.59; P < 0.001) and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.22-1.75; P < 0.001). Also, LA strain reservoir and LA contractile strain significantly improved the C-statistics of the Mayo AL staging from 0.65 to 0.68 and 0.70, respectively (P ≤ 0.02); Mayo ATTR staging (0.73 to 0.79 and 0.80, respectively; P < 0.001); and Gillmore ATTR staging (0.70 to 0.79 and 0.80, respectively; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS LA strain identifies ACM patients with high thrombotic risk (independent of AF) and improves current ACM-specific survival staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Akintoye
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - Allan L Klein
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - Mazen Hanna
- Section of Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA.
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Mannina C, Ito K, Jin Z, Yoshida Y, Russo C, Nakanishi K, Elkind MSV, Rundek T, Homma S, Di Tullio MR. Left Atrial Strain and Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults. Am J Cardiol 2023; 206:161-167. [PMID: 37708746 PMCID: PMC10592022 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is frequent in older adults and associated with left atrial (LA) dysfunction. LA strain (LAε) and LA strain rate (LASR) may detect subclinical LA disease. We investigated whether reduced LAε and LASR predict new-onset AF in older adults without history of AF or stroke. LAε and LASR were assessed by speckle-tracking echocardiography in 824 participants from the community-based Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Brain Lesions study. Positive longitudinal LAε and LASR during ventricular systole, LASR during early ventricular diastole, and LASR during LA contraction were measured. Cause-specific hazards regression model evaluated the association of LAε and LASR with incident AF, adjusting for pertinent covariates. The mean age was 71.1 ± 9.2 years (313 men, 511 women). During a mean follow-up of 10.9 years, new-onset AF occurred in 105 participants (12.7%). Lower LAε and LASR at baseline were observed in patients with new-onset AF (all p <0.01). In multivariable analysis, positive longitudinal LAε (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per SD decrease 2.05, confidence interval [CI] 1.24 to 3.36) and LASR during LA contraction (HR per SD increase 2.24, CI 1.37 to 3.65) remained associated with new-onset AF, independently of LA volumes and left ventricular function. Along with positive longitudinal LAε, reduced LASR during ventricular systole predicted AF in participants with LA volume below the median value (HR 2.54, CI 1.10 to 6.09), whereas reduced LASR during LA contraction predicted AF in participants with larger LA (HR 2.35, CI 1.31 to 4.23). In conclusion, reduced positive longitudinal LAε and LASR predict new-onset AF in older adults regardless of LA size and may improve AF risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mannina
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Kazato Ito
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Zhezhen Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Yoshida
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Cesare Russo
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Koki Nakanishi
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York; Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute; Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Shunichi Homma
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Marco R Di Tullio
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.
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8
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Ferkh A, Clark A, Thomas L. Left atrial phasic function: physiology, clinical assessment and prognostic value. Heart 2023; 109:1661-1669. [PMID: 36918267 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Left atrial (LA) phasic function provides significant insights into the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. LA function is described in three phases: reservoir (atrial filling, during systole), conduit (passive emptying, during early diastole) and contractile (active emptying, during late diastole). LA phasic function can be evaluated by different imaging modalities, and a variety of techniques including volumetric analysis, deformation (strain) and Doppler methods. LA phasic function (particularly LA reservoir strain) is more sensitive and provides earlier detection of LA dysfunction than alterations in LA volume. LA function parameters have also demonstrated significant diagnostic and prognostic value, particularly in heart failure, atrial fibrillation and stroke. However, there remain barriers to implementation of phasic function parameters in clinical practice and guidelines. This review outlines the physiology of LA phasic function, methods of assessment, and its diagnostic and prognostic utility in varying pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaisha Ferkh
- Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy Clark
- Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Liza Thomas
- Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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9
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Mannina C, Ito K, Jin Z, Yoshida Y, Matsumoto K, Shames S, Russo C, Elkind MSV, Rundek T, Yoshita M, DeCarli C, Wright CB, Homma S, Sacco RL, Di Tullio MR. Association of Left Atrial Strain With Ischemic Stroke Risk in Older Adults. JAMA Cardiol 2023; 8:317-325. [PMID: 36753086 PMCID: PMC9909576 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2022.5449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Importance The risk of ischemic stroke is higher among patients with left atrial (LA) enlargement. Left atrial strain (LAε) and LA strain rate (LASR) may indicate LA dysfunction when LA volumes are still normal. The association of LAε with incident ischemic stroke in the general population is not well established. Objective To investigate whether LAε and LASR are associated with new-onset ischemic stroke among older adults. Design The Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Brain Lesions study was conducted from September 29, 2005, to July 6, 2010, to investigate cardiovascular factors associated with subclinical cerebrovascular disease. A total of 806 participants in the Northern Manhattan Study who were aged 55 years or older without history of prior stroke or atrial fibrillation (AF) were included, and annual follow-up telephone interviews were completed May 22, 2022. Statistical analysis was performed from June through November 2022. Exposures Left atrial strain and LASR were assessed by speckle-tracking echocardiography. Global peak positive longitudinal LAε and positive longitudinal LASR during ventricular systole, global peak negative longitudinal LASR during early ventricular diastole, and global peak negative longitudinal LASR during LA contraction were measured. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was used to detect silent brain infarcts and white matter hyperintensities at baseline. Main Outcomes and Measures Risk analysis with cause-specific Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to assess the association of positive longitudinal LAε and positive longitudinal LASR with incident ischemic stroke, adjusting for other stroke risk factors, including incident AF. Results The study included 806 participants (501 women [62.2%]) with a mean (SD) age of 71.0 (9.2) years; 119 participants (14.8%) were Black, 567 (70.3%) were Hispanic, and 105 (13.0%) were White. During a mean (SD) follow-up of 10.9 (3.7) years, new-onset ischemic stroke occurred in 53 participants (6.6%); incident AF was observed in 103 participants (12.8%). Compared with individuals who did not develop ischemic stroke, participants with ischemic stroke had lower positive longitudinal LAε and negative longitudinal LASR at baseline. In multivariable analysis, the lowest (ie, closest to zero) vs all other quintiles of positive longitudinal LAε (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.12; 95% CI, 1.56-6.24) and negative longitudinal LASR during LA contraction (HR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.44-5.80) were associated with incident ischemic stroke, independent of left ventricular global longitudinal strain and incident AF. Among participants with a normal LA size, the lowest vs all other quintiles of positive longitudinal LAε (HR, 4.64; 95% CI, 1.55-13.89) and negative longitudinal LASR during LA contraction (HR, 11.02; 95% CI 3.51-34.62) remained independently associated with incident ischemic stroke. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study suggests that reduced positive longitudinal LAε and negative longitudinal LASR are independently associated with ischemic stroke in older adults. Assessment of LAε and LASR by speckle-tracking echocardiography may improve stroke risk stratification in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mannina
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York
| | - Kazato Ito
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Zhezhen Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Yuriko Yoshida
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sofia Shames
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Cesare Russo
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Now with Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
| | - Mitchell S. V. Elkind
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Clinton B. Wright
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shunichi Homma
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ralph L. Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Marco R. Di Tullio
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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10
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Maheshwari A, Norby FL, Inciardi RM, Wang W, Zhang MJ, Soliman EZ, Alonso A, Johansen MC, Gottesman RF, Solomon SD, Shah AM, Chen LY. Left Atrial Mechanical Dysfunction and the Risk for Ischemic Stroke in People Without Prevalent Atrial Fibrillation or Stroke : A Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2023; 176:39-48. [PMID: 36534978 DOI: 10.7326/m22-1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial myopathy-characterized by changes in left atrial function and size-may precede and promote atrial fibrillation (AF) and cardiac thromboembolism. In people without prior AF or stroke, whether analysis of left atrial function and size can improve ischemic stroke prediction is unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of echocardiographic left atrial function (reservoir, conduit, and contractile strain) and left atrial size (left atrial volume index) with ischemic stroke and determine whether these measures can improve the stroke prediction achieved by CHA2DS2-VASc score variables. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study. PARTICIPANTS 4917 ARIC participants without prevalent stroke or AF. MEASUREMENTS Ischemic stroke events (2011 to 2019) were adjudicated by physicians. Left atrial strain was measured using speckle-tracking echocardiography. RESULTS Over 5 years, the cumulative incidences of ischemic stroke in the lowest quintiles of left atrial reservoir, conduit, and contractile strain were 2.99% (95% CI, 1.89% to 4.09%), 3.18% (CI, 2.14% to 4.22%), and 2.15% (CI, 1.09% to 3.21%), respectively, and that of severe left atrial enlargement was 1.99% (CI, 0.23% to 3.75%). On the basis of the Akaike information criterion, left atrial reservoir strain plus CHA2DS2-VASc variables was the best predictive model. With the addition of left atrial reservoir strain to CHA2DS2-VASc variables, 11.6% of the 112 participants with stroke after 5 years were reclassified to higher risk categories and 1.8% to lower risk categories. Among the 4805 participants who did not develop stroke, 12.2% were reclassified to lower and 12.7% to higher risk categories. Decision curve analysis showed a predicted net benefit of 1.34 per 1000 people at a 5-year risk threshold of 5%. LIMITATION Underascertainment of subclinical AF. CONCLUSION In people without prior AF or stroke, when added to CHA2DS2-VASc variables, left atrial reservoir strain improves stroke prediction and yields a predicted net benefit, as shown by decision curve analysis. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Maheshwari
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania (A.M.)
| | - Faye L Norby
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, California (F.L.N.)
| | - Riccardo M Inciardi
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.M.I., S.D.S., A.M.S.)
| | - Wendy Wang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (W.W.)
| | - Michael J Zhang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota (L.Y.C, M.J.Z.)
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (E.Z.S.)
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.A.)
| | - Michelle C Johansen
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.C.J.)
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland (R.F.G.)
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.M.I., S.D.S., A.M.S.)
| | - Amil M Shah
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.M.I., S.D.S., A.M.S.)
| | - Lin Yee Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota (L.Y.C, M.J.Z.)
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11
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Quintana RA, Dong T, Vajapey R, Reyaldeen R, Kwon DH, Harb S, Wang TKM, Klein AL. Preprocedural Multimodality Imaging in Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:e014386. [PMID: 36256725 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.122.014386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with increased risk of heart failure, stroke, and death. In current medical practice, multimodality imaging is routinely used in the management of AF. Twenty-one years ago, the ACUTE trial (Assessment of Cardioversion Using Transesophageal Echocardiography) results were published, and the management of AF changed forever by incorporating transesophageal echocardiography guided cardioversion of patients in AF for the first time. Current applications of multimodality imaging in AF in 2022 include the use of transesophageal echocardiography and computed tomography before cardioversion to exclude left atrial thrombus and in left atrial appendage occlusion device implantation. Transesophageal echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance are clinically used for AF ablation planning. The decision to use a particular imaging modality in AF is based on patient's characteristics, guideline recommendation, institutional preferences, expertise, and cost. In this first of 2-part review series, we discuss the preprocedural role of echocardiography, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance in the AF, with regard to their clinical applications, relevant outcomes data and unmet needs, and highlights future directions in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymundo A Quintana
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (R.A.Q.)
| | - Tiffany Dong
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (T.D., R.V., R.R., D.H.K., S.H., T.K.M.W., A.L.K.)
| | - Ramya Vajapey
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (T.D., R.V., R.R., D.H.K., S.H., T.K.M.W., A.L.K.)
| | - Reza Reyaldeen
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (T.D., R.V., R.R., D.H.K., S.H., T.K.M.W., A.L.K.)
| | - Deborah H Kwon
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (T.D., R.V., R.R., D.H.K., S.H., T.K.M.W., A.L.K.)
| | - Serge Harb
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (T.D., R.V., R.R., D.H.K., S.H., T.K.M.W., A.L.K.)
| | - Tom Kai Ming Wang
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (T.D., R.V., R.R., D.H.K., S.H., T.K.M.W., A.L.K.)
| | - Allan L Klein
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (T.D., R.V., R.R., D.H.K., S.H., T.K.M.W., A.L.K.)
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12
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Benito B, García-Elías A, Ois Á, Tajes M, Vallès E, Ble M, Yáñez Bisbe L, Giralt-Steinhauer E, Rodríguez-Campello A, Cladellas Capdevila M, Martí-Almor J, Roquer J, Cuadrado-Godia E. Plasma levels of miRNA-1-3p are associated with subclinical atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 75:717-726. [PMID: 35067470 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Identifying biomarkers of subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF) is of most interest in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CrS). We sought to evaluate the circulating microRNA (miRNA) profile of patients with CrS and AF compared with those in persistent sinus rhythm. METHODS Among 64 consecutive patients with CrS under continuous monitoring by a predischarge insertable monitor, 18 patients (9 with AF and 9 in persistent sinus rhythm) were selected for high-throughput determination of 754 miRNAs. Nine patients with concomitant stroke and AF were also screened to improve the yield of miRNA selection. Differentially expressed miRNAs were replicated in an independent cohort (n=46). Biological markers were stratified by the median and included in logistic regression analyses to evaluate their association with AF at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS Eight miRNAs were differentially expressed between patients with and without AF. In the replication cohort, miR-1-3p, a gene regulator involved in cardiac arrhythmogenesis, was the only miRNA to remain significantly higher in patients with CrS and AF vs those in sinus rhythm and showed a modest association with AF burden. High (= above the median) miR-1-3p plasma values, together with a low left atrial ejection fraction, were independently associated with the presence of AF at 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, plasma levels of miR-1-3p were elevated in CrS patients with subsequent AF. Our results preliminarily suggest that miR-1-3p could be a novel biomarker that, together with clinical parameters, could help identify patients with CrS and a high risk of occult AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Benito
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Anna García-Elías
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ángel Ois
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Tajes
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ermengol Vallès
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Ble
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eva Giralt-Steinhauer
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Campello
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Cladellas Capdevila
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Martí-Almor
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Roquer
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Cuadrado-Godia
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Benito B, García-Elías A, Ois Á, Tajes M, Vallès E, Ble M, Yáñez Bisbe L, Giralt-Steinhauer E, Rodríguez-Campello A, Cladellas Capdevila M, Martí-Almor J, Roquer J, Cuadrado-Godia E. La concentración plasmática de microARN-1-3p se asocia con fibrilación auricular subclínica en los pacientes con ictus criptogénico. Rev Esp Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Kim M, Yu HT, Kim TH, Lee DI, Uhm JS, Kim YD, Nam HS, Joung B, Lee MH, Heo JH, Pak HN. Ischemic Stroke in Non-Gender-Related CHA2DS2-VA Score 0~1 Is Associated With H2FPEF Score Among the Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:791112. [PMID: 35211517 PMCID: PMC8862762 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.791112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic strokes (ISs) can appear even in non-gender-related CHA2DS2-VA scores 0~1 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We explored the determinants associated with IS development among the patients with non-gender-related CHA2DS2-VA score 0~1 AF. Methods and Results In this single-center retrospective registry data for AF catheter ablation (AFCA), we included 1,353 patients with AF (24.7% female, median age 56 years, and paroxysmal AF 72.6%) who had non-gender-related CHA2DS2-VA score 0~1, normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function, and available H2FPEF score. Among those patients, 113 experienced IS despite a non-gender-related CHA2DS2-VA score of 0~1. All included patients underwent AFCA, and we evaluated the associated factors with IS in non-gender-related CHA2DS2-VA score 0~1 AF. Patients with ISs in this study had a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p < 0.001) and LV ejection fraction (LVEF; p = 0.017), larger LA diameter (p < 0.001), reduced LA appendage peak velocity (p < 0.001), and a higher baseline H2FPEF score (p = 0.018) relative to those without ISs. Age [odds ratio (OR) 1.11 (1.07–1.17), p < 0.001, Model 1] and H2FPEF score as continuous [OR 1.31 (1.03–1.67), p = 0.028, Model 2] variable were independently associated with ISs by multivariate analysis. Moreover, the eGFR was independently associated with IS at low CHA2DS2-VA scores in both Models 1 and 2. AF recurrence was significantly higher in patients with IS (log-rank p < 0.001) but not in those with high H2FPEF scores (log-rank p = 0.079), respectively. Conclusions Among the patients with normal LVEF and non-gender-related CHA2DS2-VA score 0~1 AF, the high H2FPEF score, and increasing age were independently associated with IS development (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02138695).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hee Tae Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-In Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sun Uhm
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Dae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Suk Nam
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon-Hyoung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoe Heo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hui-Nam Pak
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hui-Nam Pak
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Left Atrial Dysfunction, Fibrosis and the Risk of Thromboembolism in Patients With Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE 2022; 4:42-53. [PMID: 36262195 PMCID: PMC9383342 DOI: 10.36628/ijhf.2021.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Left atrial (LA) fibrosis is an important component of the arrhythmogenic substrate and is related to LA dysfunction in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, its relationship with functional changes and the risk of thrombus in patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) and persistent AF (PeAF) remains unclear. Methods We included 139 patients with preprocedural cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for the first AF catheter ablation. Spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) and multiple parameters of LA were measured from TEE and CMR. LA fibrosis was evaluated by late gadolinium enhancement of LA (LA-LGE) of CMR. Results The presence of SEC was higher in patients with PeAF than in patients with PAF (26.4% vs. 11.9%, p=0.03). The patients with SEC had more enlarged LA size and impaired function of LA and LAA, regardless of AF type. However, the area of LA-LGE was more extensive in patients with SEC in PeAF (27.5±15.9 vs. 20.1±10.3, p=0.033), not in PAF. In PAF, maximal LA volume index was closely related to the presence of SEC with marginal trend toward significance (odd ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99–1.16; p=0.072). Whereas, a larger area of LA-LGE and lower emptying flux of LA appendage were independently related with SEC (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.0–1.20; p=0.049 and OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.86–0.99; p=0.022, respectively) after adjusting related cardiovascular risk factors of SEC Conclusions In this study, we suggest that the risk of thrombus is provoked by LA enlargement with dysfunction in early-stage AF and by stiffened LA with fibrosis rather than LA size when it becomes PeAF.
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16
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Left Atrial Remodeling and Thromboembolic Risk in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE 2022; 4:26-28. [PMID: 36262196 PMCID: PMC9383338 DOI: 10.36628/ijhf.2022.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Mahnkopf C, Kwon Y, Akoum N. Atrial Fibrosis, Ischaemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2021; 10:225-229. [PMID: 35106172 PMCID: PMC8785072 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2021.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrosis is an important component of the arrhythmic substrate in AF. Evidence suggests that atrial fibrosis also plays a role in increasing the risk of stroke in patients with the arrhythmia. Patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), who are suspected to have AF but are rarely shown to have it, frequently demonstrate evidence of atrial fibrosis; measured using late-gadolinium enhancement MRI, this manifests as atrial remodelling encompassing structural, functional and electrical properties. In this review, the authors discuss the available evidence linking atrial disease, including fibrosis, with the risk of ischaemic stroke in AF, as well as in the ESUS population, in whom it has been linked to recurrent stroke and new-onset AF. They also discuss the implications of this association on future research that may elucidate the mechanism of stroke and stroke prevention strategies in the AF and ESUS populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Younghoon Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US
| | - Nazem Akoum
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US
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18
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Bhat A, Mahajan V, Chen HHL, Gan GCH, Pontes-Neto OM, Tan TC. Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: Approaches in Risk Stratification for Cardioembolism. Stroke 2021; 52:e820-e836. [PMID: 34706562 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.034498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Embolic stroke of undetermined source has been recently proposed to categorize nonlacunar ischemic strokes without confirmed etiology after adequate investigation with a likely embolic stroke mechanism. A strategy of empirical anticoagulation for embolic stroke of undetermined source patients is attractive but may only be beneficial in a select subset of patients. Strategies which would help identify the subset of embolic stroke of undetermined source patients most likely to have cardioembolic origin of stroke, and hence benefit from anticoagulation, are needed. This article will review current evidence which may be useful in the development of a risk stratification approach based on arrhythmia monitoring, cardiac imaging, and clinical risk stratification. This approach may be beneficial in clinical practice in improving patient outcomes and reducing stroke recurrence in this population; however, further work is required with active trials underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhat
- Department of Cardiology, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, Australia (A.B., V.M., H.H.L.C., G.C.H.G., T.C.T.).,School of Public Health and Community Medicine (A.B., T.C.T.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Australia (A.B., G.C.H.G., T.C.T.)
| | - Vipul Mahajan
- Department of Cardiology, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, Australia (A.B., V.M., H.H.L.C., G.C.H.G., T.C.T.)
| | - Henry H L Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, Australia (A.B., V.M., H.H.L.C., G.C.H.G., T.C.T.)
| | - Gary C H Gan
- Department of Cardiology, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, Australia (A.B., V.M., H.H.L.C., G.C.H.G., T.C.T.).,School of Medicine (G.C.H.G.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Australia (A.B., G.C.H.G., T.C.T.)
| | - Octavio M Pontes-Neto
- Stroke Service, Neurology Division, Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil (O.M.P.-N.)
| | - Timothy C Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, Australia (A.B., V.M., H.H.L.C., G.C.H.G., T.C.T.).,School of Public Health and Community Medicine (A.B., T.C.T.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Australia (A.B., G.C.H.G., T.C.T.)
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19
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Arvanitis P, Johansson AK, Frick M, Malmborg H, Gerovasileiou S, Larsson EM, Blomström-Lundqvist C. Recent-onset atrial fibrillation: a study exploring the elements of Virchow's triad after cardioversion. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2021; 64:49-58. [PMID: 34689250 PMCID: PMC9236986 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-021-01078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Atrial fibrillation (AF) imposes an inherent risk for stroke and silent cerebral emboli, partly related to left atrial (LA) remodeling and activation of inflammatory and coagulation systems. The aim was to explore the effects of cardioversion (CV) and short-lasting AF on left atrial hemodynamics, inflammatory, coagulative and cardiac biomarkers, and the association between LA functional recovery and the presence of a prior history of AF. Methods Patients referred for CV within 48 h after AF onset were prospectively included. Echocardiography and blood sampling were performed immediately prior, 1–3 h after, and at 7–10 days after CV. The presence of chronic white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on magnetic resonance imaging was related to biomarker levels. Results Forty-three patients (84% males), aged 55±9.6 years, with median CHA2DS2-VASc score 1 (IQR 0–1) were included. The LA emptying fraction (LAEF), LA peak longitudinal strain during reservoir, conduit, and contractile phases improved significantly after CV. Only LAEF normalized within 10 days. Interleukin-6, high-sensitivity cardiac-troponin-T (hs-cTNT), N-terminal-pro-brain-natriuretic peptide, prothrombin-fragment 1+2 (PTf1+2), and fibrinogen decreased significantly after CV. There was a trend towards higher C-reactive protein, hs-cTNT, and PTf1+2 levels in patients with WMH (n=21) compared to those without (n=22). At 7–10 days, the LAEF was significantly lower in patients with a prior history of AF versus those without. Conclusion Although LA stunning resolved within 10 days, LAEF remained significantly lower in patients with a prior history of AF versus those without. Inflammatory and coagulative biomarkers were higher before CV, but subsided after 7–10 days, which altogether might suggest an enhanced thrombogenicity, even in these low-risk patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10840-021-01078-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Arvanitis
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiology, Uppsala University, Sjukhusvägen 9, Ing 35, 75309, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anna-Karin Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Frick
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Malmborg
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiology, Uppsala University, Sjukhusvägen 9, Ing 35, 75309, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Spyridon Gerovasileiou
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Clinical Physiology and Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elna-Marie Larsson
- Department of Surgical Science, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carina Blomström-Lundqvist
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiology, Uppsala University, Sjukhusvägen 9, Ing 35, 75309, Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Hagendorff A, Helfen A, Flachskampf FA, Ewen S, Kruck S, La Rosée K, Knierim J, Voigt JU, Kreidel F, Fehske W, Brandt R, Zahn R, Knebel F. Manual zur Indikation und Durchführung spezieller echokardiographischer Anwendungen. DER KARDIOLOGE 2021. [PMCID: PMC8521495 DOI: 10.1007/s12181-021-00509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Das zweite Manual zur Indikation und Durchführung der Echokardiographie bezieht sich auf spezifische Anwendungen der Echokardiographie und besondere Fragestellungen bei speziellen Patientengruppen. Dabei stehen v. a. praktische Aspekte im Vordergrund. Methodisch etabliert sind die transösophageale Echokardiographie, die Stressechokardiographie und die Kontrastechokardiographie. Bei nahezu allen echokardiographischen Untersuchungen spielen aktuell 3‑D-Echokardiographie und Deformationsbildgebung eine Rolle. Das gesamte Spektrum der echokardiographischen Möglichkeiten wird derzeit in Notfall- und Intensivmedizin, bei der Überwachung und Führung von Katheterinterventionen, bei strukturellen Herzerkrankungen, bei herzchirurgischen Operationen, bei der Nachsorge von kardialen Unterstützungssystemen, bei kongenitalen Vitien im Erwachsenenalter und bei der Versorgung von hochinfektiösen Patienten in Pandemiezeiten angewandt. Die diagnostischen Fortschritte der konventionellen und modernen echokardiographischen Anwendungen stehen im Fokus dieses Manuals. Die 3‑D-Echokardiographie zur Charakterisierung der kardialen Morphologie und die Deformationsbildgebung zur Objektivierung der kardialen Funktion sind bei vielen Indikationen im klinischen Alltag etabliert. Die Stressechokardiographie zur Ischämie‑, Vitalitäts- und Vitiendiagnostik, die Bestimmung der koronaren Flussreserve und die Kontrastechokardiographie bei der linksventrikulären Wandbewegungsanalyse und kardialen Tumordetektion finden zunehmend klinische Anwendung. Wie für die konventionelle Echokardiographie im ersten Manual der Echokardiographie 2009 beschrieben, erfordert der Einsatz moderner echokardiographischer Verfahren die standardisierte Dokumentation und Akquisition bestimmter Bildsequenzen bei optimierter Geräteeinstellung, da korrekte und reproduzierbare Auswertungen nur bei guter Bildqualität möglich sind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hagendorff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Helfen
- Medizinische Klinik I, Katholisches Klinikum Lünen Werne GmbH St. Marien-Hospital Lünen, Lünen, Deutschland
| | - Frank A. Flachskampf
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universität Uppsala, und Klinisk fysiologi och kardiologi, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Schweden
| | - Sebastian Ewen
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III – Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Kruck
- Cardio Centrum Ludwigsburg Bietigheim, Ludwigsburg, Deutschland
| | - Karl La Rosée
- Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr. La Rosée & Prof. Dr. Müller, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Jan Knierim
- Klinik für Herz‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Jens-Uwe Voigt
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Gasthuisberg und Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cath. University Leuven, Leuven, Belgien
| | - Felix Kreidel
- Zentrum für Kardiologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Fehske
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Köln – Herzzentrum, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Roland Brandt
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Kerckhoff Klinik GmbH, Bad Nauheim, Deutschland
| | - Ralf Zahn
- Medizinische Klinik B – Abteilung für Kardiologie, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen gGmbH, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Deutschland
- Kommission für Klinische Kardiovaskuläre Medizin, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Fabian Knebel
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Deutschland
- Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, Berlin, Deutschland
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21
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Kamel H, Bartz TM, Longstreth WT, Elkind MSV, Gottdiener J, Kizer JR, Gardin JM, Kim J, Shah S. Cardiac mechanics and incident ischemic stroke: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17358. [PMID: 34462469 PMCID: PMC8405795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that our understanding of the relationship between cardiac function and ischemic stroke remains incomplete. The Cardiovascular Health Study enrolled community-dwelling adults ≥ 65 years old. We included participants with speckle-tracking data from digitized baseline study echocardiograms. Exposures were left atrial reservoir strain (primary), left ventricular longitudinal strain, left ventricular early diastolic strain rate, septal e’ velocity, and lateral e’ velocity. The primary outcome was incident ischemic stroke. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for demographics, image quality, and risk factors including left ventricular ejection fraction and incident atrial fibrillation. Among 4,000 participants in our analysis, lower (worse) left atrial reservoir strain was associated with incident ischemic stroke (HR per SD absolute decrease, 1.14; 95% CI 1.04–25). All secondary exposure variables were significantly associated with the outcome. Left atrial reservoir strain was associated with cardioembolic stroke (HR per SD absolute decrease, 1.42; 95% CI 1.21–1.67) and cardioembolic stroke related to incident atrial fibrillation (HR per SD absolute decrease, 1.60; 1.32–1.95). Myocardial dysfunction that can ultimately lead to stroke may be identifiable at an early stage. This highlights opportunities to identify cerebrovascular risk earlier and improve stroke prevention via therapies for early myocardial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Kamel
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Department of Neurology and Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, USA. .,Division of Neurocritical Care, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th St, LH-413, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Departments of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W T Longstreth
- Departments of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Departments of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Gottdiener
- Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, and Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julius M Gardin
- Division of Cardiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjiv Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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22
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Ble M, Benito B, Cuadrado-Godia E, Pérez-Fernández S, Gómez M, Mas-Stachurska A, Tizón-Marcos H, Molina L, Martí-Almor J, Cladellas M. Left Atrium Assessment by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Cryptogenic Stroke: Seeking Silent Atrial Fibrillation. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163501. [PMID: 34441797 PMCID: PMC8397042 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Silent atrial fibrillation (AF) may be the cause of some cryptogenic strokes (CrS). The aim of the study was to analyse atrial size and function by speckle tracking echocardiography in CrS patients to detect atrial disease. Patients admitted to the hospital due to CrS were included prospectively. Echocardiogram analysis included left atrial ejection fraction (LAEF) and atrial strain. Insertable cardiac monitor was implanted, and AF was defined as an episode of ≥1 min in the first year after stroke. Left atrial enlargement was defined as indexed volume > 34 mL/m2. Seventy-five consecutive patients were included, aged 76 ± 9 years (arterial hypertension 75%). AF was diagnosed in 49% of cases. The AF group had higher atrial volume and worse atrial function: peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALs) 19.6 ± 5.7% vs. 29.5 ± 7.2%, peak atrial contraction strain (PACs) 8.9 ± 3.9% vs. 16.5 ± 6%, LAEF 46.8 ± 11.5% vs. 60.6 ± 5.2%; p < 0.001. AF was diagnosed in 20 of 53 patients with non-enlarged atrium, and in 18 of them, atrial dysfunction was present. The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated an independent association between detection of AF and atrial volume, LAEF, and strain. Cut-off values were obtained: LAEF < 55%, PALs < 21.4%, and PACs < 12.9%. In conclusion, speckle tracking echocardiography in CrS patients improves silent atrial disease diagnosis, with or without atrial enlargement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Ble
- Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Cardiology Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-S.); (H.T.-M.); (L.M.); (J.M.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-932-483-018
| | - Begoña Benito
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (B.B.); (E.C.-G.); (S.P.-F.)
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Cuadrado-Godia
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (B.B.); (E.C.-G.); (S.P.-F.)
- Neurology Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Pérez-Fernández
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (B.B.); (E.C.-G.); (S.P.-F.)
- CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Gómez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital de Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Aleksandra Mas-Stachurska
- Cardiology Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-S.); (H.T.-M.); (L.M.); (J.M.-A.)
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (B.B.); (E.C.-G.); (S.P.-F.)
| | - Helena Tizón-Marcos
- Cardiology Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-S.); (H.T.-M.); (L.M.); (J.M.-A.)
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (B.B.); (E.C.-G.); (S.P.-F.)
| | - Lluis Molina
- Cardiology Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-S.); (H.T.-M.); (L.M.); (J.M.-A.)
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (B.B.); (E.C.-G.); (S.P.-F.)
- Cardiology Department, Hospital de Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Julio Martí-Almor
- Cardiology Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-S.); (H.T.-M.); (L.M.); (J.M.-A.)
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (B.B.); (E.C.-G.); (S.P.-F.)
| | - Mercè Cladellas
- Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Cardiology Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-S.); (H.T.-M.); (L.M.); (J.M.-A.)
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (B.B.); (E.C.-G.); (S.P.-F.)
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23
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Cohen A, Donal E, Delgado V, Pepi M, Tsang T, Gerber B, Soulat-Dufour L, Habib G, Lancellotti P, Evangelista A, Cujec B, Fine N, Andrade MJ, Sprynger M, Dweck M, Edvardsen T, Popescu BA. EACVI recommendations on cardiovascular imaging for the detection of embolic sources: endorsed by the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 22:e24-e57. [PMID: 33709114 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardioaortic embolism to the brain accounts for approximately 15-30% of ischaemic strokes and is often referred to as 'cardioembolic stroke'. One-quarter of patients have more than one cardiac source of embolism and 15% have significant cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. After a careful work-up, up to 30% of ischaemic strokes remain 'cryptogenic', recently redefined as 'embolic strokes of undetermined source'. The diagnosis of cardioembolic stroke remains difficult because a potential cardiac source of embolism does not establish the stroke mechanism. The role of cardiac imaging-transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE), cardiac computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-in the diagnosis of potential cardiac sources of embolism, and for therapeutic guidance, is reviewed in these recommendations. Contrast TTE/TOE is highly accurate for detecting left atrial appendage thrombosis in patients with atrial fibrillation, valvular and prosthesis vegetations and thrombosis, aortic arch atheroma, patent foramen ovale, atrial septal defect, and intracardiac tumours. Both CT and MRI are highly accurate for detecting cavity thrombosis, intracardiac tumours, and valvular prosthesis thrombosis. Thus, CT and cardiac magnetic resonance should be considered in addition to TTE and TOE in the detection of a cardiac source of embolism. We propose a diagnostic algorithm where vascular imaging and contrast TTE/TOE are considered the first-line tool in the search for a cardiac source of embolism. CT and MRI are considered as alternative and complementary tools, and their indications are described on a case-by-case approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Cohen
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine and Tenon Hospitals, Department of Cardiology, and Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM unit UMRS-ICAN 1166; Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
| | - Erwan Donal
- University of Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI - UMR 1099, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mauro Pepi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Tsang
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bernhard Gerber
- Service de Cardiologie, Département Cardiovasculaire, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Division CARD, Institut de Recherche Expérimental et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvainAv Hippocrate 10/2803, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurie Soulat-Dufour
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine and Tenon Hospitals, Department of Cardiology, and Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM unit UMRS-ICAN 1166; Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
| | - Gilbert Habib
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Cardiology Department, Marseille, France
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- University of Liège Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, CHU SartTilman, Liège, Belgium.,Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, and Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Arturo Evangelista
- Servei de Cardiologia. Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-VHIR. CIBER-CV. Pº Vall d'Hebron 119. 08035. Barcelona. Spain
| | - Bibiana Cujec
- Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, 2C2.50 Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Center, 8440 112 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2B7
| | - Nowell Fine
- University of Calgary, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, South Health Campus, 4448 Front Street Southeast, Calgary, Alberta T3M 1M4, Canada
| | - Maria Joao Andrade
- Maria Joao Andrade Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Cruz-Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Av. Prof. Dr. Reinaldo dos Santos 2790-134 Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Muriel Sprynger
- Department of Cardiology-Angiology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Dweck
- British Heart Foundation, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh and Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thor Edvardsen
- Faculty of medicine, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway and Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bogdan A Popescu
- Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila', Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases 'Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu', Sos. Fundeni 258, sector 2, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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24
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Eren H, Acar RD, Demir S, Omar MB, Öcal L, Kalkan ME, Cerşit S, Akçakoyun M. Speckle-tracking echocardiography can predict atrial fibrillation in patients with supraventricular tachycardia. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2021; 44:1387-1396. [PMID: 34170550 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common supraventriculer arrhythmia in daily clinical practice. Comorbidity of AVNRT and atrial fibrillation (AF) has been well documented in some patients and AF development has been observed more frequently in AVNRT patients during their long-term follow-up. This study was conducted in order to investigate the left atrial two-dimensional-speckle-tracking echocardiographic (STE) parametres as the predictors of the occurence of AF in long-term follow-up in patients with spontaneously developed AF during AVNRT ablation. METHODS Two hundred and thirty two consecutive AVNRT patients who developed spontaneous AF during ablation procedure were included in the study. The patients were followed up for a mean follow-up period of 6.2 ± 2.1 years. All patients were evaluated using the 2D-STE method. AF was developed in 34 patients during the follow-up period. Cox regression analysis was performed in order to identify the independent predictors of AF occurence. RESULTS Left atrial LA-res, LA-pump, LA-SRs, LA-SRe, and LA-SRa values were found to be significantly decreased in the group of patients that developed AF during the follow-up period (p < .001 for all aforementioned values). Multivariate cox regression analysis revealed that LA-res (hazard ratio [HR], 0.367; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.161-0.0.683, p < .001) and SRe (HR, 0.472; 95% CI, 0.346-0.825, p = .006) were independent risk factors associated with the occurrence of AF. CONCLUSION In conclusion, it was demonstrated for the first time with this study that 2D-STE can effectively predict the development of AF in long-term follow-up in patients with spontaneously developed AF during AVNRT ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayati Eren
- Department of Cardiology, Elbistan State Hospital, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Rezzan Deniz Acar
- Department of Cardiology, Kosuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Demir
- Department of Cardiology, Kosuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Bahadır Omar
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lütfi Öcal
- Department of Cardiology, Kosuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Kalkan
- Department of Cardiology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinan Cerşit
- Department of Cardiology, Kosuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akçakoyun
- Department of Cardiology, Iskenderun Gelişim Hospital, Hatay, Turkey
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25
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Park JH, Hwang IC, Park JJ, Park JB, Cho GY. Left Atrial Strain to Predict Stroke in Patients With Acute Heart Failure and Sinus Rhythm. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020414. [PMID: 34187174 PMCID: PMC8403314 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Stroke is a major comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF), especially in those with decreased left atrial (LA) function, and thus, identifying patients highly at risk of stroke can prevent its occurrence. We evaluated the predictive value of global longitudinal strain of LA (LAGLS) in patients with acute HF and sinus rhythm. Methods and Results In this retrospective study, 2461 patients (53.3% men, 69.7±14.4 years old) with sinus rhythm and LAGLS among 4312 consecutive patients with acute HF from 3 tertiary hospitals were included. HF phenotypes were defined as HF with reduced ejection fraction (EF) (left ventricular EF ≤40%), HF with midrange EF (40% <left ventricular EF <50%), and HF with preserved ejection fraction (left ventricular EF ≥50%). Primary outcome was new‐onset stroke. The mean left ventricular EF was 39.4%±15.6%. Moreover, 1388 (57.5%), 342 (14.2%), and 682 (28.3%) were classified with HF with reduced EF, HF with midrange EF, and HF with preserved EF, retrospectively. LAGLS was 17.2%±10.4%. During the follow‐up duration (mean: 30.3±25.4 months), 100 patients experienced stroke. Patients with stroke had higher LA diameter (P=0.031) and lower LAGLS (P=0.010) than those without stroke. In the univariate analysis, age, diabetes mellitus, LA diameter, LA volume index, and LAGLS were significant risk factors for stroke. In the multivariate analysis, each 1% decrease in LAGLS was associated with a 3.8% increased risk for stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.038; 95% CI, 1.013–1.065; P=0.003). When applying a LAGLS cutoff point of 14.5%, patients with LAGLS <14.5% had approximately twice the risk for stroke after adjusting other significant variables (HR, 1.940; 95% CI, 1.269–2.965; P=0.002). Conclusions In patients with acute HF and sinus rhythm, decreased LAGLS (<14.5%) was associated with an increased risk for stroke, with an annual incidence of 2.38%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyeong Park
- Department of Cardiology in Internal Medicine Chungnam National University HospitalChungnam National University College of Medicine Daejeon Korea
| | - In-Chang Hwang
- Cardiovascular Center & Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Korea
| | - Jin Joo Park
- Cardiovascular Center & Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Korea
| | - Jun-Bean Park
- Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea
| | - Goo-Yeong Cho
- Cardiovascular Center & Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Korea
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26
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Ozturk U, Ozturk O. Assessment of left atrial function by strain in patients with acute ıschemic stroke left atrial function and acute stroke. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 67:71-76. [PMID: 34161491 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.67.01.20200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial speckle-tracking echocardiography can detect subtle abnormalities in the left atrial function. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between left atrial myocardium and tissue function n assessed by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHOD The study was composed of 80 patients (45 men, 35 women, mean age: 67±15 years) with acute ischemic stroke. The patients were divided into two groups based on the calculated National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (group 1, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score < 16; group 2, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥ 16). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data for all patients were collected. Cardiac functions were evaluated using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography within 48 hours from admission to the neurology care unit. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the patients' clinical parameters. Left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (59.2±5.6 to 51.4±6.3, p=0.024). Left atrial longitudinal strain was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (34.48±9.73 to 26.27±7.41, p=0.019). There were no significant differences between other echocardiographic parameters. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that left atrial longitudinal strain is associated with stroke severity during admission in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Left atrial longitudinal strain is an indicator of left atrial myocardial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unal Ozturk
- University of Health Sciences, Diyarbakır Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology - Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Onder Ozturk
- University of Health Sciences, Diyarbakır Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology - Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Schnabel RB, Camen S, Knebel F, Hagendorff A, Bavendiek U, Böhm M, Doehner W, Endres M, Gröschel K, Goette A, Huttner HB, Jensen C, Kirchhof P, Korosoglou G, Laufs U, Liman J, Morbach C, Nabavi DG, Neumann-Haefelin T, Pfeilschifter W, Poli S, Rizos T, Rolf A, Röther J, Schäbitz WR, Steiner T, Thomalla G, Wachter R, Haeusler KG. Expert opinion paper on cardiac imaging after ischemic stroke. Clin Res Cardiol 2021; 110:938-958. [PMID: 34143285 PMCID: PMC8238761 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-021-01834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This expert opinion paper on cardiac imaging after acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) includes a statement of the "Heart and Brain" consortium of the German Cardiac Society and the German Stroke Society. The Stroke Unit-Commission of the German Stroke Society and the German Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET) endorsed this paper. Cardiac imaging is a key component of etiological work-up after stroke. Enhanced echocardiographic tools, constantly improving cardiac computer tomography (CT) as well as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer comprehensive non- or less-invasive cardiac evaluation at the expense of increased costs and/or radiation exposure. Certain imaging findings usually lead to a change in medical secondary stroke prevention or may influence medical treatment. However, there is no proof from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that the choice of the imaging method influences the prognosis of stroke patients. Summarizing present knowledge, the German Heart and Brain consortium proposes an interdisciplinary, staged standard diagnostic scheme for the detection of risk factors of cardio-embolic stroke. This expert opinion paper aims to give practical advice to physicians who are involved in stroke care. In line with the nature of an expert opinion paper, labeling of classes of recommendations is not provided, since many statements are based on expert opinion, reported case series, and clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate B Schnabel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET) e.V., Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Camen
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Knebel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hagendorff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig , Leipzig, Germany
| | - Udo Bavendiek
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Böhm
- Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Saarland, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar) , Germany
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Department of Cardiology (Virchow Klinikum), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Klinik Und Hochschulambulanz Für Neurologie Mit Abteilung Für Experimentelle Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,ExcellenceCluster NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Gröschel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Goette
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET) e.V., Münster, Germany.,Department of Cardiology & Intensive Care Medicine, St. Vincenz Hospital Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Hagen B Huttner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Christoph Jensen
- B. Braun Ambulantes Herzzentrum Kassel MVZ GmbH, Kassel, Germany.,Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET) e.V., Münster, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Grigorios Korosoglou
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, GRN Hospital Weinheim, Weinheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig , Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Liman
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Morbach
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department for Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Neumann-Haefelin
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Fulda, Universitätsmedizin Marburg - Campus Fulda, Fulda, Germany
| | - Waltraud Pfeilschifter
- Department of Neurology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Klinikum Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Sven Poli
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timolaos Rizos
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rolf
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff-Heart-Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany and Campus Kerckhoff Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Joachim Röther
- Department of Neurology, Asklepios Klinik Hamburg Altona, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolf Rüdiger Schäbitz
- Department of Neurology, Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel, Universitätsklinikum OWL der Universität Bielefeld, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steiner
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Wachter
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig , Leipzig, Germany.,University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karl Georg Haeusler
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET) e.V., Münster, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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Left atrial dimension and ischemic stroke in patients with and without atrial fibrillation. Heart Vessels 2021; 36:1861-1869. [PMID: 34089085 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-021-01879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of ischemic stroke (IS) increases in patients with enlarged left atrium (LA) irrespective of whether or not the existence of atrial fibrillation (AF). In such situation, it is unclear whether the impact of LA on incidence of IS still significant in young, non-AF patients with enlarged LA who are primarily unconcerned on anticoagulation therapy. The study population consisted of 18,511 consecutive patients not receiving oral anticoagulants and undergoing echocardiography with measurement of LAD at baseline. The incidence rate of ischemic stroke was calculated in 3 groups according to left atrial dimension (LAD; < 30, 30-45 and ≥ 45 mm) in AF and non-AF patients. Further subgroup analysis was performed in stratification by elderly and young (aged ≥ 65 and < 65 years, respectively). The incidences of IS (per 100 patient-years) were 0.11 and 0.71 in non-AF and AF patients with LAD < 30 mm, respectively, which increased to 0.58 and 1.35 in LAD ≥ 45 mm (adjusted hazard ratios [HRs]; 1.95 [95% confidence intervals, CIs: 0.76-5.01] and 1.22 [95% CIs: 0.27-5.58], interaction P was 0.246). In non-AF patients, the incidences of IS were 0.30 and 0.04 in elderly and young patients with LAD < 30 mm, which increased to 0.67 and 0.48 in LAD ≥ 45 mm (adjusted HRs; 1.34 [95% CIs: 0.43-4.15] and 4.21 [95% CIs: 0.77-23.12], interaction P was 0.158). The incidence of IS significantly increased with increase of LAD in non-AF, especially in non-AF and young patients, although the difference was not independent of other clinical factors. The impact of LAD on IS was numerically larger in non-AF than in AF, and larger in young and non-AF than in elderly counterpart, although a significant interaction was not observed in this small population. Further studies with large population are necessary to judge whether these population with enlarged LA need antithrombotic therapy.
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29
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Current clinical applications of speckle tracking echocardiography for assessment of left atrial function. J Echocardiogr 2021; 19:129-140. [PMID: 33687616 DOI: 10.1007/s12574-021-00519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) enables assessment of left atrial (LA) function with better reproducibility and less load dependence than those with conventional methods. Data regarding LA functions determined by 2D-STE in patients with various cardiovascular diseases have recently been accumulating. LA strain has emerged as a novel parameter with the potential of improving the diagnostic accuracy of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and the prognostic value in patients with heart failure and stroke. Furthermore, LA dysfunction determined by 2D STE can provide incremental prognostic information to conventional echocardiographic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Hence, 2D-STE appears to be a promising technique for diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making. Data regarding LA functions determined by three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D-STE) have also been accumulating. Here, I review recent studies, especially those published after 2016, on clinical applications of LA function assessed by 2D-STE and 3D-STE and summarize the remaining problems to be solved for improving the clinical utility of these techniques.
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30
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Diverse Adiposity and Atrio-Ventricular Dysfunction across Obesity Phenotypes: Implication of Epicardial Fat Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030408. [PMID: 33673715 PMCID: PMC7997462 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been conceptualized as a highly heterogeneous condition. We aim to investigate chamber-specific effects of obesity on the heart and relevant outcomes. A total of 2944 symptom-free individuals (age: 47.5 ± 10.0 years), free of known cardiovascular diseases were classified into four categories based on body mass index (BMI) (as normal-weight (NW) vs. overweight/obese (O)) and metabolic status (metabolically-healthy (MH) vs. unhealthy (MU)). Epicardial adipose thickness (EAT) using echocardiography method. Speckle-tracking based atrio-ventricular (LA/LV) deformations including global longitudinal strain (GLS) and peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) were also analyzed. MUNW had higher cardiometabolic risks and more impaired diastolic and GLS/PALS than MHNW phenotype. Both MHO and MUO phenotypes exhibited worst atrial functions. Greater EAT was independently associated with worse GLS and PALS after correcting for various anthropometrics, LV mass and LA volume, respectively, with unfavorable LA effects from EAT being more pronounced in the NW phenotypes (both p interactions < 0.05). During a median follow-up period of 5.3 years, BMI/EAT improved the reclassification for atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence (p for net reclassification improvement < 0.05) mainly in the NW phenotypes (p interaction < 0.001). Categorization of clinical obesity phenotypes based on excessive visceral adiposity likely provides increment prognostic impacts on atrial dysfunction, particularly in non-obese phenotypes.
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31
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Abstract
AF is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice. In addition to the severe effect on quality of life, patients with AF are at higher risk of stroke and mortality. Recent studies have suggested that atrial and ventricular substrate play a major role in the development and maintenance of AF. Cardiac MRI has emerged as a viable tool for interrogating the underlying substrate in AF patients. Its advantage includes localisation and quantification of structural remodelling. Cardiac MRI of the atrial substrate is not only a tool for management and treatment of arrhythmia, but also to individualise the prevention of stroke and major cardiovascular events. This article provides an overview of atrial imaging using cardiac MRI and its clinical implications in the AF population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries (TRIAD), Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, LA, US
| | - Lilas Dagher
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries (TRIAD), Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, LA, US
| | - Chao Huang
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries (TRIAD), Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, LA, US
| | - Peter Miller
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries (TRIAD), Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, LA, US
| | - Nassir F Marrouche
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries (TRIAD), Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, LA, US
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32
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Olsen FJ, Darkner S, Chen X, Pehrson S, Johannessen A, Hansen J, Gislason G, Svendsen JH, Biering-Sørensen T. Left atrial structure and function among different subtypes of atrial fibrillation: an echocardiographic substudy of the AMIO-CAT trial. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 21:1386-1394. [PMID: 32783051 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Little is known about cardiac structure and function among atrial fibrillation (AF) subtypes; paroxysmal AF vs. persistent AF (PxAF), and across AF burden. We sought to assess differences in left atrial (LA) measures by AF subtype and burden. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a cross-sectional echocardiographic substudy of a randomized trial of AF patients scheduled for catheter ablation. Patients had an echocardiogram performed 0-90 days prior to study inclusion. We performed conventional echocardiographic measures, left ventricular (LV) and LA speckle tracking. Measures were compared between AF subtype and burden (0%, 0-99%, and 99-100%) determined by 72-h Holter monitoring. Of 212 patients, 107 had paroxysmal AF and 105 had PxAF. Those with PxAF had significantly reduced systolic function (LV ejection fraction: 48% vs. 53%; P < 0.001), larger end-systolic and end-diastolic LA volumes (LAVi and LAEDVi), reduced LA emptying fraction (LAEF: 29% vs. 36%, P < 0.001), and reduced LA strain (LAs) (LAs: 20% vs. 26%, P < 0.001). LA measures remained significantly lower in PxAF after multivariable adjustments. All LA measures and measures of systolic function were significantly impaired in patients with 99-100% AF burden, whereas all measures were similar between the other groups (LAVi: 40mL/m2 vs. 33mL/m2 vs. 34mL/m2; LAEDVi: 31mL/m2 vs. 21mL/m2 vs. 22mL/m2, LA emptying fraction: 23% vs. 35% vs. 36%, LAs: 16% vs. 25% vs. 25%, for 99-100%, 0-99%, and 0% AF, respectively, P < 0.001 for all). These differences were consistent after multivariable adjustments. CONCLUSION LA mechanics differ between AF subtype and burden and these characteristics influence the clinical interpretation of these measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flemming Javier Olsen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Stine Darkner
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Pehrson
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Johannessen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jim Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Research, The Danish Heart Foundation, Vognmagergade 7, 1120 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hastrup Svendsen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tor Biering-Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sade LE, Keskin S, Can U, Çolak A, Yüce D, Çiftçi O, Özin B, Müderrisoğlu H. Left atrial mechanics for secondary prevention from embolic stroke of undetermined source. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 23:381-391. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Anticoagulation is not justified unless atrial fibrillation (AF) is detected in cryptogenic stroke (CS) patients. We sought to explore whether left atrial (LA) remodelling is associated with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS).
Methods and results
In this prospective study, we evaluated consecutively 186 patients in sinus rhythm who presented with an acute ischaemic stroke (embolic and non-embolic) and sex- and age-matched controls. We performed continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring to capture paroxysmal AF episodes as recommended by the guidelines. After 12 months of follow-up, continuous ECG monitoring was repeated in patients with undetected AF episodes. We quantified LA reservoir and contraction strain (LASr and LASct) by speckle-tracking, LA volumes by 3D echocardiography. Out of 186 patients, 149 were enrolled after comprehensive investigation for the source of ischaemic stroke and divided into other cause (OC) (n = 52) and CS (n = 97) groups. CS patients were also subdivided into AF (n = 39) and ESUS (n = 58) groups. Among CS patients, LA strain predicted AF independently from CHARGE-AF score and LA volume indices. ESUS group, despite no captured AF, had significantly worse LA metrics than OC and control groups. AF group had the worst LA metrics. Moreover, LASr predicted both CS (embolic stroke with and without AF) and ESUS (embolic stroke with no detected AF) independently from LAVImax and CHA2DS2-VASc score. LASr >26% yielded 86% sensitivity, 92% specificity, 92% positive, and 86% negative predictive values for the identification of ESUS (areas under curve: 0.915, P < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval: 0.86–0.97).
Conclusion
Echocardiographic quantification of LA remodelling has great potential for secondary prevention from ESUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Elif Sade
- Cardiology Department, University of Baskent, 54. sokak E blok No: 45 Bahcelievler, 06490 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suzan Keskin
- Cardiology Department, University of Baskent, 54. sokak E blok No: 45 Bahcelievler, 06490 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Can
- Neurology Department, University of Baskent, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Çolak
- Cardiology Department, University of Baskent, 54. sokak E blok No: 45 Bahcelievler, 06490 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yüce
- Preventive Oncology and Epidemiology Department, University of Hacettepe Cancer Institute, Ankara Turkey
| | - Orçun Çiftçi
- Cardiology Department, University of Baskent, 54. sokak E blok No: 45 Bahcelievler, 06490 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bülent Özin
- Cardiology Department, University of Baskent, 54. sokak E blok No: 45 Bahcelievler, 06490 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haldun Müderrisoğlu
- Cardiology Department, University of Baskent, 54. sokak E blok No: 45 Bahcelievler, 06490 Ankara, Turkey
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Pagola J, Juega J, Francisco-Pascual J, Bustamante A, Penalba A, Pala E, Rodriguez M, De Lera-Alfonso M, Arenillas JF, Cabezas JA, Moniche F, de Torres R, Montaner J, González-Alujas T, Alvarez-Sabin J, Molina CA. Predicting Atrial Fibrillation with High Risk of Embolization with Atrial Strain and NT-proBNP. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 12:735-741. [PMID: 33184686 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine markers of atrial dysfunction in patients with cryptogenic stroke to predict episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with high risk of embolization (HpAF). We classified patients included in the Crypto-AF study, Cryptogenic Stroke registry, to detect paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF) with wearable Holter, according to the longest episode of pAF in three groups: without pAF detection, episodes of pAF shorter than 5 h, and episodes of pAF longer than 5 h (HpAF). Atrial dysfunction surrogates were evaluated: EKG pattern, Holter record and echocardiography parameters (left atria volume (LAVI), and peak atrial longitudinal and contraction strain (PALS and PACS). The level of N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was determined. All patients were followed for 2 years to detect pAF and stroke recurrence. From 308 patients, 253 patients with high quality Holter analysis were selected. The distribution was No pAF 78.6% (n = 199), pAF < 5 h 7.9% (n = 20), and HpAF > 5 h 13.4% (n = 34). Age of the patients and combination of PALS and NT-proBNP independently predicted HpAF OR 1.07 (1.00; 1.15) and OR 3.05 (1.08; 8.60) respectively. The validity of PALS and NT-proBNP to detect patients at risk of HpAF was higher than the validity of age (AUC 0.82, sensitivity 78.95%, specificity 63%). Patients with PALS < 25% and NT-proBNP > 283 pg/ml had more detection of pAF during follow-up 35% vs. 5.1% OR 2.33 (1.05-5.13) (p < 0.001). Multimodal assessment of atrial dysfunction with PALS and NT-proBNP improved the prediction of pAF episodes with high embolic risk in patients with cryptogenic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pagola
- Stroke Unit, Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebrón Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebrón, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jesus Juega
- Stroke Unit, Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebrón Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebrón, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Anna Penalba
- Neurovascular Research Lab, Valld'Hebrón Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Pala
- Neurovascular Research Lab, Valld'Hebrón Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Rodriguez
- Stroke Unit, Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebrón Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebrón, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Juan F Arenillas
- Stroke Unit, University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Cabezas
- Stroke Unit, University Hospitals Virgen Macarena-Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Moniche
- Stroke Unit, University Hospitals Virgen Macarena-Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | - Reyes de Torres
- Stroke Unit, University Hospitals Virgen Macarena-Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Stroke Unit, University Hospitals Virgen Macarena-Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Jose Alvarez-Sabin
- Stroke Unit, Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebrón Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebrón, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos A Molina
- Stroke Unit, Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebrón Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebrón, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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Alhakak AS, Biering-Sørensen SR, Møgelvang R, Modin D, Jensen GB, Schnohr P, Iversen AZ, Svendsen JH, Jespersen T, Gislason G, Biering-Sørensen T. Usefulness of left atrial strain for predicting incident atrial fibrillation and ischaemic stroke in the general population. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 23:363-371. [PMID: 33175146 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Left atrial enlargement predicts incident atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the prognostic value of peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) for predicting incident AF in participants from the general population is currently unknown. Our aim was to investigate if PALS can be used to predict AF and ischaemic stroke in the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 400 participants from the general population underwent a health examination, including two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography of the left atrium. The primary endpoint was incident AF at follow-up. All participants with known AF and prior stroke at baseline were excluded (n = 54). The secondary endpoint consisted of the composite of AF and ischaemic stroke. During a median follow-up of 16 years, 36 participants (9%) were diagnosed with incident AF and 30 (7%) experienced an ischaemic stroke, resulting in 66 (16%) experiencing the composite outcome. PALS was a univariable predictor of AF [per 5% decrease: hazard ratio (HR) 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.19-1.69), P < 0.001]. However, the prognostic value of PALS was modified by age (P = 0.002 for interaction). After multivariable adjustment PALS predicted AF in participants aged <65 years [per 5% decrease: HR 1.46; 95% CI (1.06-2.02), P = 0.021]. In contrast, PALS did not predict AF in participants aged ≥65 years after multivariable adjustment [per 5% decrease: HR 1.05; 95% CI (0.81-1.35), P = 0.72]. PALS also predicted the secondary endpoint in participants aged <65 years and the association remained significant after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSION In a low-risk general population, PALS provides novel prognostic information on the long-term risk of AF and ischaemic stroke in participants aged <65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Saed Alhakak
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, Post 835, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie Reumert Biering-Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, Post 835, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Møgelvang
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Centre for Cardiac-, Vascular-, Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Modin
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, Post 835, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gorm Boje Jensen
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schnohr
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Zeeberg Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, Post 835, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hastrup Svendsen
- Department of Cardiology, Centre for Cardiac-, Vascular-, Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, Post 835, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tor Biering-Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, Post 835, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gazagnes J, Gollion C, Fournier P, Cariou E, Larrue V, Lairez O. Left Atrial Function in Young Patients With Cryptogenic Stroke and Patent Foramen Ovale: A Left Atrial Longitudinal Strain Study. Front Neurol 2020; 11:536612. [PMID: 33250839 PMCID: PMC7674925 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.536612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The study of left atrial (LA) longitudinal strain by speckle tracking is a reliable method for analyzing LA function that could provide relevant information in young patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) impacts the LA longitudinal strain in a population of young patients with first CS. Methods and Results: Patients aged 18 to 54 years, treated consecutively in a university hospital for first CS, were included in this study. The presence of a PFO and an atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) was investigated using transesophageal echocardiography and transcranial Doppler. Speckle tracking analysis was performed on transthoracic echocardiography, allowing the measurement of global, passive, and active longitudinal LA strain, corresponding to the reservoir, conduit, and contractile function, respectively. A total of 51 patients were included in the study. In a multivariable analysis, overweight was associated with reduced global and passive LA longitudinal strain (P = 0.013 and P = 0.018, respectively), and hypertension was associated with reduced active LA longitudinal strain (P = 0.049). LA longitudinal strain was not different between patients with PFO or PFO plus ASA and patients without PFO. Conclusion: LA longitudinal strain in young subjects with CS was impaired in the presence of overweight and hypertension, but not of PFO or PFO plus ASA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gazagnes
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Gollion
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Pauline Fournier
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Cardiac Imaging Center, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Eve Cariou
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Cardiac Imaging Center, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Larrue
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Vincent Larrue
| | - Olivier Lairez
- Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Cardiac Imaging Center, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
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Freedman B, Kamel H, Van Gelder IC, Schnabel RB. Atrial fibrillation: villain or bystander in vascular brain injury. Eur Heart J Suppl 2020; 22:M51-M59. [PMID: 33664640 PMCID: PMC7916423 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suaa166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke are inextricably connected, with classical Virchow pathophysiology explaining thromboembolism through blood stasis in the fibrillating left atrium. This conceptualization has been reinforced by the remarkable efficacy of oral anticoagulant (OAC) for stroke prevention in AF. A number of observations showing that the presence of AF is neither necessary nor sufficient for stroke, cast doubt on the causal role of AF as a villain in vascular brain injury (VBI). The requirement for additional risk factors before AF increases stroke risk; temporal disconnect of AF from a stroke in patients with no AF for months before stroke during continuous ECG monitoring but manifesting AF only after stroke; and increasing recognition of the role of atrial cardiomyopathy and atrial substrate in AF-related stroke, and also stroke without AF, have led to rethinking the pathogenetic model of cardioembolic stroke. This is quite separate from recognition that in AF, shared cardiovascular risk factors can lead both to non-embolic stroke, or emboli from the aorta and carotid arteries. Meanwhile, VBI is now expanded to include dementia and cognitive decline: research is required to see if reduced by OAC. A changed conceptual model with less focus on the arrhythmia, and more on atrial substrate/cardiomyopathy causing VBI both in the presence or absence of AF, is required to allow us to better prevent AF-related VBI. It could direct focus towards prevention of the atrial cardiomyopathy though much work is required to better define this entity before the balance between AF as villain or bystander can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Freedman
- Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre and Concord Hospital Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hooman Kamel
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabelle C Van Gelder
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- University Heart and Vascular Centre, Department of Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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The atrium: central part of a building—a definition, cardiologists should not forget. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 21:873-875. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Thomas L, Muraru D, Popescu BA, Sitges M, Rosca M, Pedrizzetti G, Henein MY, Donal E, Badano LP. Evaluation of Left Atrial Size and Function: Relevance for Clinical Practice. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33:934-952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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40
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miR-21 and NT-proBNP Correlate with Echocardiographic Parameters of Atrial Dysfunction and Predict Atrial Fibrillation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041118. [PMID: 32295105 PMCID: PMC7230176 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of circulating biomarkers with echocardiographic parameters of atrial remodelling and their potential for predicting atrial fibrillation (AF). In patients with and without AF (n = 21 and n = 60) the following serum biomarkers were determined: soluble ST2 (sST2), Galectin-3 (Gal-3), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), microRNA (miR)-21, -29a, -133a, -146b and -328. Comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography was performed in all participants. Biomarkers were significantly altered in patients with AF. The echocardiographic parameter septal PA-TDI, indicating left atrial (LA) remodelling, correlated with concentrations of sST2 (r = 0.249, p = 0.048), miR-21 (r = -0.277, p = 0.012), miR-29a (r = -0.269, p = 0.015), miR-146b (r = -0.319, p = 0.004) and miR-328 (r = -0.296, p = 0.008). In particular, NT-proBNP showed a strong correlation with echocardiographic markers of LA remodelling and dysfunction (septal PA-TDI: r = 0.444, p < 0.001, LAVI/a': r = 0.457, p = 0.001, SRa: r = 0.581, p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regressions analysis highlighted miR-21 and NT-proBNP as predictive markers for AF (miR-21: hazard ratio (HR) 0.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04-0.7, p = 0.009; NT-proBNP: HR 1.002 95%CI 1.001-1.004, p = 0.006). Combination of NT-proBNP and miR-21 had the best accuracy to discriminate patients with AF from those without AF (area under the curve (AUC)= 0.843). Our findings indicate that miR-21 and NT-proBNP correlate with echocardiographic parameters of atrial remodeling and predict AF, in particular if combined.
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Abstract
Mitral stenosis (MS) is a progressive and devastating disease and most often occurs among young women. Given its considerable prevalence in Mediterranean and Eastern European countries according to the Euro Heart Survey, new imaging modalities are warranted to improve the management of patients with this condition. A wide spectrum of abnormalities occurs involving all parts of this complex structure and causing different grades of MS and/or regurgitation as a consequence of rheumatic affection. Novel imaging modalities significantly improved the assessment of several aspects of this rheumatic destructive process including the morphological alterations of the mitral valve (MV) apparatus, left atrial (LA) function, LA appendage, right and left ventricular (LV) functions, and complications, namely, atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic events. Furthermore, new imaging modalities improved the prediction of outcome of patients who underwent percutaneous balloon mitral comissurotomy and changed the paradigm of patient selection for intervention and risk stratification. The present review aimed to summarize the role of new multimodality, multiparametric imaging approaches to assess the morphological characteristics of the rheumatic MS and its associated complications, and to guide patient management.
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42
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The Atrium and Embolic Stroke. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2020; 6:251-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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43
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Alkhouli M, Friedman PA. Ischemic Stroke Risk in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74:3050-3065. [PMID: 31865973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed remarkable advances in pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, the currently available clinical stroke risk prediction models do not account for key nonclinical factors (arrhythmia burden, left atrial physiology and anatomy, chemical and electrocardiographic markers) and other competing clinical risks. Hence, their ability to identify patients who will derive the most benefit from pharmacological and mechanical risk prevention strategies remain limited. In this paper, the authors review the current and evolving ischemic stroke risk prediction schemes in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the models, and discuss the unmet needs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Alkhouli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Paul A Friedman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. https://twitter.com/drpaulfriedman
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44
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Left Atrial Mechanical Function and Incident Ischemic Cerebrovascular Events Independent of AF. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 12:2417-2427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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45
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Olsen FJ, Christensen LM, Krieger DW, Højberg S, Høst N, Karlsen FM, Svendsen JH, Christensen H, Biering-Sørensen T. Relationship between left atrial strain, diastolic dysfunction and subclinical atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke: the SURPRISE echo substudy. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 36:79-89. [PMID: 31595399 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-019-01700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) may be the cause of a substantial part of cryptogenic strokes (CS). Echocardiography could assist risk stratification for PAF to select patients in need of prolonged rhythm monitoring. We aimed to assess the value of left atrial (LA) strain and a revised diastolic dysfunction (DDF) model with LA strain for predicting PAF. This was a prospective study of 56 CS patients who had a cardiac monitor implanted for 3 year monitoring for PAF, and an echocardiogram performed prior to monitoring. Conventional echocardiography, global longitudinal strain (GLS) and LA strain were performed. LA speckle tracking provided the LA reservoir strain (LAs). Patients were stratified into high versus low LAs by ROC curves (28.2%), and this cut-off was used to refine DDF grading. During follow-up of median 20 months, 13 (23%) patients were diagnosed with PAF. No conventional echocardiographic parameters differed between patients who developed PAF and those without PAF. However, LAs was significantly impaired in PAF patients (LAs: 30 vs. 27% for non-PAF and PAF, p = 0.046). Low LAs significantly predicted PAF independent of LA volume and GLS [OR 5.88 (1.30; 26.55), p = 0.021]. Revised DDF grading significantly predicted PAF, even when adjusted for the CHADS2 risk-score (OR 1.88 [1.01;3.50], per increase in DDF grade, p for trend = 0.047), which was not the case for conventional DDF grading. In conclusion, LAs associates with PAF independent of GLS and LA size, and may be used to improve the performance of DDF grading for identifying PAF in CS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flemming J Olsen
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory (CIRL), Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Louisa M Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Derk W Krieger
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Mediclinic City Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Søren Højberg
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nis Høst
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn M Karlsen
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper H Svendsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tor Biering-Sørensen
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory (CIRL), Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Soulat-Dufour L, Lang S, Ederhy S, Ancedy Y, Beraud AS, Adavane-Scheuble S, Chauvet-Droit M, Hammoudi N, Scheuble A, Nhan P, Charbonnier M, Boccara F, Cohen A. Biatrial remodelling in atrial fibrillation: A three-dimensional and strain echocardiography insight. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 112:585-593. [PMID: 31540880 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial remodelling has been poorly investigated in atrial fibrillation (AF), and few studies have focused on biatrial remodelling. AIM To evaluate right atrial (RA) and left atrial (LA) remodelling in AF using global atrial reservoir strain and three-dimensional (3D) atrial volumes, according to rhythm outcome at mid-term follow-up. METHODS Two-dimensional and 3D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were performed within 24hours after admission (M0) and at 6-month follow-up (M6) in patients admitted for AF. RA and LA variables were assessed: body surface area-indexed maximum 3D volume (Max 3D RA Voli, Max 3D LA Voli) and minimum 3D volume (Min 3D RA Voli, Min 3D LA Voli); atrial emptying fraction (3D RAEF, 3D LAEF); atrial expansion index (3D RAEI, 3D LAEI); and global RA and LA reservoir strain. RESULTS Forty-eight consecutive patients were included prospectively. Three groups were identified depending on rhythm at M0 and M6: AF at M0 and sinus rhythm (SR) at M6 (AF-SR) in 25 (52.1%) patients; AF at M0 and AF at M6 (AF-AF) in 13 (27.1%) patients; and SR at M0 (spontaneous cardioversion before first TTE) and SR at M6 (SR-SR) in 10 (20.8%) patients. Between M0 and M6 in the AF-SR group, we found: significant decreases in Max 3D RA Voli (P=0.020), Min 3D RA Voli (P=0.0008), Max 3D LA Voli (P=0.001) and Min 3D LA Voli (P=0.0021); significant increases in 3D RAEF (P=0.037) and 3D RAEI (P=0.034); no significant differences in 3D LAEF and 3D LAEI; and significant increases in global RA and LA reservoir strain (both P<0.0001). There was no significant difference with regard to these variables in the AF-AF and SR-SR groups. CONCLUSION 3D volume and strain analyses were useful in the evaluation of RA and LA reverse remodelling in successfully cardioverted patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Soulat-Dufour
- Service de cardiologie, Sorbonne universités, hôpital Saint-Antoine, hôpitaux de l'Est Parisien, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France; Unité de recherche sur les maladies cardiovasculaires, du métabolisme et de la nutrition, UMRS-ICAN 1166, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Lang
- Service de cardiologie, Sorbonne universités, hôpital Saint-Antoine, hôpitaux de l'Est Parisien, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Stephane Ederhy
- Service de cardiologie, Sorbonne universités, hôpital Saint-Antoine, hôpitaux de l'Est Parisien, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Yann Ancedy
- Service de cardiologie, Sorbonne universités, hôpital Saint-Antoine, hôpitaux de l'Est Parisien, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Saroumadi Adavane-Scheuble
- Service de cardiologie, Sorbonne universités, hôpital Saint-Antoine, hôpitaux de l'Est Parisien, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Marion Chauvet-Droit
- Service de cardiologie, Sorbonne universités, hôpital Saint-Antoine, hôpitaux de l'Est Parisien, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nadjib Hammoudi
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies cardiovasculaires, du métabolisme et de la nutrition, UMRS-ICAN 1166, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France; Service de cardiologie, Sorbonne universités, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Pascal Nhan
- Service de cardiologie, Sorbonne universités, hôpital Saint-Antoine, hôpitaux de l'Est Parisien, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Magali Charbonnier
- Service de cardiologie, Sorbonne universités, hôpital Saint-Antoine, hôpitaux de l'Est Parisien, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Franck Boccara
- Service de cardiologie, Sorbonne universités, hôpital Saint-Antoine, hôpitaux de l'Est Parisien, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France; Inserm, UMR S 938, centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Ariel Cohen
- Service de cardiologie, Sorbonne universités, hôpital Saint-Antoine, hôpitaux de l'Est Parisien, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France; Unité de recherche sur les maladies cardiovasculaires, du métabolisme et de la nutrition, UMRS-ICAN 1166, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France.
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Novel Models for the Prediction of Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus in Patients with Chronic Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation. Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:1496535. [PMID: 31534798 PMCID: PMC6732646 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1496535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) in chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation remains challenging despite the fact that several predictive models have been proposed to date. In this study, we sought to develop new and simpler models for LAAT prediction in chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The study enrolled 144 patients with chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who underwent transesophageal echocardiography for LAAT detection. We examined the association of LAAT incidence with the CHA2DS2-VASc score and echocardiographic parameters pertaining to the left atrium (LA), including diameter, volume index, strain, and strain rate measured on speckle tracking echocardiography. LAAT was found in 24.3% of patients (39/144). The following parameters had good diagnostic performance for LAAT: LA volume index >57 mL (area under the curve (AUC), 0.72; sensitivity, 77.1%; specificity, 64.2%), LA positive strain ≤6.7% in the four-chamber view (AUC, 0.84; sensitivity, 77.1%; specificity, 77.1%), and LA negative strain rate >−0.73 s−1 in the four-chamber view (AUC, 0.83; sensitivity, 85.7%; specificity, 70.6%). The CHA2DS2-VASc score alone had a low predictive value for LAAT in this population (χ2 = 3.53), whereas the combination of CHA2DS2-VASc score with LA volume index had significant association and better predictive value (χ2 = 12.03), and the combination of CHA2DS2-VASc score with LA volume index and LA positive strain or negative strain rate in the four-chamber view had the best predictive ability for LAAT (χ2: 33.47 and 33.48, respectively). We propose two novel and simple models for noninvasive LAAT prediction in patients with chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. These models combine the CHA2DS2-VASc score with LA volume index and LA longitudinal strain parameters measured on speckle tracking echocardiography in the four-chamber view. We hope these simple models can help with decision-making in managing the antithrombotic treatment of such patients, whose risk of stroke cannot be determined solely based on the CHA2DS2-VASc score.
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Septal total atrial conduction time for prediction of atrial fibrillation in embolic stroke of unknown source: a pilot study. Clin Res Cardiol 2019; 109:205-214. [PMID: 31236691 PMCID: PMC6989646 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-019-01501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF) is the underlying cause in a relevant part of patients with embolic stroke of unknown source (ESUS). This pilot study aims to identify novel echocardiographic parameters predicting AF subsequently detected in patients originally hospitalized with ESUS. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with acute ischemic stroke [baseline diagnosis of ESUS (n = 69), stroke of macro- or microvascular cause (n = 16/25), stroke caused by AF (n = 5)] and controls with paroxysmal AF without acute ischemic stroke (n = 22) as well as healthy controls of young and old age (n = 21/17) in sinus rhythm were included (overall n = 175). Echocardiography was performed in all participants. Prolonged Holter-ECG-monitoring was performed in all stroke patients. In the overall cohort, septal total atrial conduction time (sPA-TDI), left atrial (LA) volume index to tissue Doppler velocity (LAVI/a`) and second negative peak strain rate during LA contraction (SRa), representing echocardiographic parameters of LA remodelling and function, were statistically significant different in patients with and without AF and predictive for subclinical AF (multivariate regression analysis: sPA-TDI: HR 1.06 [1.04-1.08], p < 0.001; LAVI/a`: HR 0.85, [0.74-0.97], p = 0.02; SRa: HR 2.35 [0.9-5.5], p = 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed sPA-TDI as an independent predictor of AF in ESUS patients (sPA-TDI: HR 1.10 [1.04-1.17], p = 0.001). A sPA-TDI of 126 ms strictly discriminated between presence and absence of subclinical AF within 48 h after initiation of Holter-ECG-monitoring in ESUS patients. CONCLUSIONS sPA-TDI seems to be a strong independent predictor of subclinical AF in patients hospitalized for ESUS and might support risk-stratified clinical decision making in these patients. Septal Total Atrial Conduction Time (sPA-TDI) determined by echocardiography for prediction of Atrial Fibrillation in Embolic Stroke of Unknown Source (ESUS).
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49
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Utility of left atrial strain for predicting atrial fibrillation following ischemic stroke. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 35:1605-1613. [PMID: 31028567 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-019-01601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five percent of ischemic strokes (IS) are cryptogenic, but it is estimated that paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is the underlying cause in up to a third of cases. We aimed to investigate the predictive value of speckle tracking of the left atrium (LA) in diagnosing PAF in IS patients. We retrospectively studied 186 IS patients with a clinical echocardiographic examination during sinus rhythm. Outcome was PAF defined by at least one reported episode of AF following their IS. Conventional echocardiographic measures were performed. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), LA reservoir-(εs), conduit-(εe), contraction-strain (εa) and LA dyssynchrony (standard deviation of time-to-peak εs; LA SD-T2P) were obtained by left ventricular and LA speckle tracking. Of 186 patients, 28 (15%) were diagnosed with PAF. PAF-patients did not differ from non-PAF patients with regards to GLS nor SD-TPS, but atrial strain measures were significantly impaired at baseline (εs 27 vs. 35%, εe 12 vs. 16%, εa 15 vs. 18%, p < 0.02 for all, for PAF and non-PAF, respectively). However, only εs remained independently associated with PAF after adjustment for clinical and echocardiographic parameters (OR 1.13 [1.04; 1.22], p = 0.003, per 1% decrease). εs also provided the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve among all variables (AUC = 0.74). With a cutoff of 29%, εs had a specificity of 76% and a negative predictive value of 93%. Atrial reservoir strain is independently associated with PAF and may be used to improve the diagnosis of PAF following IS.
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Donal E, Galli E, Lederlin M, Martins R, Schnell F. Multimodality Imaging for Best Dealing With Patients in Atrial Arrhythmias. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 12:2245-2261. [PMID: 30878420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The management of atrial fibrillation (AF) is not only a clinical challenge but also an imaging challenge. The role of different imaging modalities to estimate the thromboembolic risk in AF is a key clinical question. The present review summarizes the advances of myocardial imaging in the stratification of thromboembolic risk, diagnosis, and management of left atrial thrombosis in patients with AF. These imaging techniques are also important for understanding arrhythmias and their consequences. It is becoming fundamental for guiding therapy. Still, large studies are required, but be sure that left atrial imaging will become more and more clinically fundamental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Donal
- Service de Cardiologie, CIC-IT INSERM 1414, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France; Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, UMR 1099, Rennes, France.
| | - Elena Galli
- Service de Cardiologie, CIC-IT INSERM 1414, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France; Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, UMR 1099, Rennes, France
| | - Matthieu Lederlin
- Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, UMR 1099, Rennes, France; Service de Radiologie, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - Raphael Martins
- Service de Cardiologie, CIC-IT INSERM 1414, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France; Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, UMR 1099, Rennes, France
| | - Frederic Schnell
- Service de Cardiologie, CIC-IT INSERM 1414, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France; Service de médecine du sport et laboratoire de physiologie, Université Rennes 1, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
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