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Baumbach A, Patel KP, Rudolph TK, Delgado V, Treede H, Tamm AR. Aortic regurgitation: from mechanisms to management. EUROINTERVENTION 2024; 20:e1062-e1075. [PMID: 39219357 PMCID: PMC11352546 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-23-00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a common clinical disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Investigations based largely on non-invasive imaging are pivotal in discerning the severity of disease and its impact on the heart. Advances in technology have contributed to improved risk stratification and to our understanding of the pathophysiology of AR. Surgical aortic valve replacement is the predominant treatment. However, its use is limited to patients with an acceptable surgical risk profile. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is an alternative treatment. However, this therapy remains in its infancy, and further data and experience are required. This review article on AR describes its prevalence, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Baumbach
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kush P Patel
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanja K Rudolph
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr University, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Victoria Delgado
- University Hospital, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona, Spain
- Centre for Comparative Medicine and Bioimage (CMCiB) of the Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Hendrik Treede
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander R Tamm
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Gać P, Jaworski A, Grajnert F, Kicman K, Trejtowicz-Sutor A, Witkowski K, Poręba M, Poręba R. Aortic Valve Calcium Score: Applications in Clinical Practice and Scientific Research-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4064. [PMID: 39064103 PMCID: PMC11277735 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, we investigate the essential role played by the computed tomography Aortic Valve Calcium Score (AVCS) in the cardiovascular diagnostic landscape, with a special focus on its implications for clinical practice and scientific research. Calcific aortic valve stenosis is the most prevalent type of aortic stenosis (AS) in industrialized countries, and due to the aging population, its prevalence is increasing. While transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) remains the gold standard, AVCS stands out as an essential complementary tool in evaluating patients with AS. The advantage of AVCS is its independence from flow; this allows for a more precise evaluation of patients with discordant findings in TTE. Further clinical applications of AVCS include in the assessment of patients before transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), as it helps in predicting outcomes and provides prognostic information post-TAVR. Additionally, we describe different AVCS thresholds regarding gender and the anatomical variations of the aortic valve. Finally, we discuss various scientific studies where AVCS was applied. As AVCS has some limitations, due to the pathophysiologies of AS extending beyond calcification and gender differences, scientists strive to validate contrast-enhanced AVCS. Furthermore, research on developing radiation-free methods of measuring calcium content is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Gać
- Centre of Diagnostic Imaging, 4th Military Hospital, Rudolfa Weigla 5, 50-981 Wrocław, Poland; (P.G.); (A.T.-S.); (K.W.)
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Jaworski
- Healthcare Team “County Hospital” in Sochaczew, Batalionow Chlopskich 3/7, 96-500 Sochaczew, Poland
| | - Filip Grajnert
- 4th Military Hospital, Rudolfa Weigla 5, 50-981 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Kicman
- Healthcare Team “County Hospital” in Sochaczew, Batalionow Chlopskich 3/7, 96-500 Sochaczew, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Trejtowicz-Sutor
- Centre of Diagnostic Imaging, 4th Military Hospital, Rudolfa Weigla 5, 50-981 Wrocław, Poland; (P.G.); (A.T.-S.); (K.W.)
| | - Konrad Witkowski
- Centre of Diagnostic Imaging, 4th Military Hospital, Rudolfa Weigla 5, 50-981 Wrocław, Poland; (P.G.); (A.T.-S.); (K.W.)
| | - Małgorzata Poręba
- Department of Paralympic Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Witelona 25a, 51-617 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Poręba
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
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Massie C, Parent M, Berthelot-Richer M, Kouz R, Palisaitis D, Le V, Poulin F. Automated and semi-automated 3D echocardiographic software for aortic annulus sizing in transcatheter aortic valve implantation helps bridge the gap between expert and novice operators. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 39:1707-1717. [PMID: 37572176 PMCID: PMC10520092 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-023-02885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
3D-transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) is an alternative to multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) for aortic annulus (AoA) sizing in preparation for Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We aim to evaluate how the fully automated (auto) and semi-automated (SA) TEE methods perform compared to conventional manual TEE method and the gold standard MDCT for annulus sizing both in expert and novice operators. In this prospective cohort study, eighty-nine patients with severe aortic stenosis underwent multimodality imaging with 3D-TEE and MDCT. Annular measurements were collected by expert echocardiographers using 3D auto, SA and manual methods and compared to MDCT. A novice in the field of echocardiography retrospectively measured the AoA for all patients using the same methods. TEE measurements, independently of the method used, had good to very good agreement to MDCT. They significantly underestimated aortic annular area and circumference vs. MDCT with the auto method underestimating it the most and the manual method the least (6.5% and 1.3% respectively for area and circumference). For experts, the manual TEE method offered the least systematic bias while the SA method had narrower limits of agreement (LOA). For the novice operator, SA method provided the least bias and narrower LOA vs. MDCT. There is good agreement between novice and experts for all 3 TEE methods but better agreement with auto and SA methods as opposed to manual one. Our study supports the use of 3D-TEE as a complementary method to MDCT for aortic annular sizing. The newer auto and SA software, that requires minimal operator intervention, is an easy to use, reliable and reproducible tool for aortic annulus sizing for experienced operators, and especially less experienced ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Massie
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Martine Parent
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Maxime Berthelot-Richer
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
- Hôtel Dieu de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Rémi Kouz
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Donald Palisaitis
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Viet Le
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Frédéric Poulin
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada.
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Agricola E, Ancona F, Bartel T, Brochet E, Dweck M, Faletra F, Lancellotti P, Mahmoud-Elsayed H, Marsan NA, Maurovich-Hovart P, Monaghan M, Pontone G, Sade LE, Swaans M, Von Bardeleben RS, Wunderlich N, Zamorano JL, Popescu BA, Cosyns B, Donal E. Multimodality imaging for patient selection, procedural guidance, and follow-up of transcatheter interventions for structural heart disease: a consensus document of the EACVI Task Force on Interventional Cardiovascular Imaging: part 1: access routes, transcatheter aortic valve implantation, and transcatheter mitral valve interventions. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 24:e209-e268. [PMID: 37283275 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcatheter therapies for the treatment of structural heart diseases (SHD) have expanded dramatically over the last years, thanks to the developments and improvements of devices and imaging techniques, along with the increasing expertise of operators. Imaging, in particular echocardiography, is pivotal during patient selection, procedural monitoring, and follow-up. The imaging assessment of patients undergoing transcatheter interventions places demands on imagers that differ from those of the routine evaluation of patients with SHD, and there is a need for specific expertise for those working in the cath lab. In the context of the current rapid developments and growing use of SHD therapies, this document intends to update the previous consensus document and address new advancements in interventional imaging for access routes and treatment of patients with aortic stenosis and regurgitation, and mitral stenosis and regurgitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eustachio Agricola
- Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Francesco Ancona
- Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Thomas Bartel
- Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, 26th Street, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eric Brochet
- Cardiology Department, Hopital Bichat, 46 rue Huchard, Paris 75018, France
| | - Marc Dweck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Francesco Faletra
- Senior SHD Consultant Istituto Cardiocentro Via Tesserete 48, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Senior Imaging Consultant ISMETT UPCM Hospital, Discesa dei Giudici, 4, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- Department of Cardiology, University of Liège Hospital, Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman, Liège B4000, Belgium
- Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, and Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Gianluca Pontone
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Leyla Elif Sade
- University of Pittsburgh-Heart & Vascular Institute UPMC, 200 Lothrop St Ste E354.2, Pıttsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Cardiology Department, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Martin Swaans
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nina Wunderlich
- Asklepios Klinik Langen Röntgenstrasse 20, Langen 63225, Germany
| | | | - Bogdan A Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila' -Euroecolab, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases 'Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu', Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bernard Cosyns
- Cardiology Department, Centrum voor Hart en Vaatziekten (CHVZ), Universitair ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erwan Donal
- Cardiologie, CHU de RENNES, LTSI UMR1099, INSERM, Universite´ de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
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Medilek K, Bis J, Polansky P, Kvasnicka T, Borg A, Dusek J, Brtko M, Tuna M, Praus R, Ballon M, Stasek J, Littnerova S, Parizek P. Computed tomography is better than echocardiography in predicting balloon-expandable transcutaneous implantation valve size in a real-world clinical practice single-center study. Echocardiography 2023; 40:784-791. [PMID: 37417924 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the standard of care for selected patients with severe aortic stenosis. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and transoesophageal 2D/3D (two-dimensional/three-dimensional) echocardiography (ECHO) are used for aortic annulus (AA) sizing. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of AA sizing by ECHO versus MDCT for Edwards Sapien balloon expandable valve in a single center. METHODS AND RESULTS Data from 145 consecutive patients with TAVR (Sapien XT or Sapien S3) were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 139 (96%) patients had favorable outcomes after TAVR (at most mild aortic regurgitation and only one valve implanted). The 3D ECHO AA area and area-derived diameter were smaller than the corresponding MDCT parameters (464 ± 99 vs. 479 ± 88 mm2 , p < .001, and 24.2 ± 2.7 vs. 25.0 ± 5.5 mm, p = .002, respectively). The 2D ECHO annulus measurement was smaller than both the MDCT and 3D ECHO area-derived diameters (22.6 ± 2.9 vs. 25.0 ± 5.5 mm, p = .013, and 22.6 ± 2.9 vs. 24.2 ± 2.7 mm, p < .001, respectively) but larger than the minor axis diameter of the AA derived from MDCT and 3D ECHO by multiplanar reconstruction (p < .001). The 3D ECHO circumference-derived diameter was also smaller than the MDCT circumference-derived diameter (24.3 ± 2.5 vs. 25.0 ± 2.3, p = .007). The sphericity index by 3D ECHO was smaller than that by MDCT (1.2 ± .1 vs. 1.3 ± .1, p < .001). In up to 1/3 of the patients, 3D ECHO measurements would have predicted different (generally smaller) valve size than was the valve size implanted with favorable result. The concordance of the implanted valve size with the recommended size based on preprocedural MDCT and 3D ECHO AA area was 79.4% versus 61% (p = .001), and for the area-derived diameter, the concordance was 80.1% versus 61.7% (p = .001). 2D ECHO diameter concordance was similar to MDCT (78.7%). CONCLUSIONS 3D ECHO AA measurements are smaller than MDCT measurements. If 3D ECHO-based parameters alone are used to size the Edwards Sapien balloon expandable valve, then the selected valve size would have been smaller than the valve size implanted with favorable result in 1/3 of the patients. MDCT preprocedural TAVR assessment should be the preferred method over 3D ECHO in routine clinical practice to determine Edwards Sapien valve size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Medilek
- Department of Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Bis
- Department of Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Polansky
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kvasnicka
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alex Borg
- Department of Cardiology, Mater Dei Hospital, Triq Dun Karm, L-Imsida MSD 2090 and University of Malta, Msida MSD, Malta
| | - Jaroslav Dusek
- Department of Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Brtko
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Tuna
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Praus
- Department of Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Ballon
- Department of Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Stasek
- Department of Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Littnerova
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Parizek
- Department of Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic
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Hassan M, Abdrabou MM, Wahba WA, Samaan AA, Baghdady Y, Elamragy AA. Agreement between 4D transesophageal echocardiography and multi-detector computed tomography in measuring aortic root dimensions and coronary ostia heights. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 39:1561-1569. [PMID: 37269399 PMCID: PMC10427530 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-023-02873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) is the gold standard non-invasive tool for evaluating aortic root dimensions. We assessed the agreement between 4D TEE and MDCT-derived aortic valve annular dimensions, coronary ostia height, and minor dimensions of sinuses of Valsalva (SoV) and sinotubular junction (STJ). In this prospective analytical study, we measured the annular area, annular perimeter, area-derived diameter, area-derived perimeter, left and right coronary ostial heights, and minor diameters of the SoV and the STJ using ECG-gated MDCT and 4D TEE. TEE measurements were calculated semi-automatically by the eSie valve software. We enrolled 43 adult patients (27 males, median age: 46 years). We found strong correlations and good agreement between the two modalities in annular dimensions (area, perimeter, area-derived diameter, and perimeter-derived diameter), left coronary ostial height, minimum STJ diameter, and minimum SoV diameters. Moderate correlations, and agreement, with relatively large differences between the 95% LOA, were demonstrated for the right coronary artery ostial height. 4D TEE correlates well with MDCT in measuring aortic annular dimensions, coronary ostial height, SoV minor diameter, and sinotubular junction minor diameter. Whether this can affect clinical outcomes is unknown. It could replace MDCT if the latter is unavailable or contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Cardiology, Al Nas Hospital, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Abdrabou
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Cardiology, Al Nas Hospital, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Wasseem Amin Wahba
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amir Anwar Samaan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Cardiology, Al Nas Hospital, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Yasser Baghdady
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Elamragy
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Cardiology, Al Nas Hospital, Qalyubia, Egypt
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Faletra FF, Agricola E, Flachskampf FA, Hahn R, Pepi M, Ajmone Marsan N, Wunderlich N, Elif Sade L, Donal E, Zamorano JL, Cosyns B, Vannan M, Edvardsen T, Berrebi A, Popescu BA, Lancellotti P, Lang R, Bäck M, Bertrand PB, Dweck M, Keenan N, Stankovic I. Three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography: how to use and when to use-a clinical consensus statement from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 24:e119-e197. [PMID: 37259019 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (3D TOE) has been rapidly developed in the last 15 years. Currently, 3D TOE is particularly useful as an additional imaging modality for the cardiac echocardiographers in the echo-lab, for cardiac interventionalists as a tool to guide complex catheter-based procedures cardiac, for surgeons to plan surgical strategies, and for cardiac anaesthesiologists and/or cardiologists, to assess intra-operative results. The authors of this document believe that acquiring 3D data set should become a 'standard part' of the TOE examination. This document provides (i) a basic understanding of the physic of 3D TOE technology which enables the echocardiographer to obtain new skills necessary to acquire, manipulate, and interpret 3D data sets, (ii) a description of valvular pathologies, and (iii) a description of non-valvular pathologies in which 3D TOE has shown to be a diagnostic tool particularly valuable. This document has a new format: instead of figures randomly positioned through the text, it has been organized in tables which include figures. We believe that this arrangement makes easier the lecture by clinical cardiologists and practising echocardiographers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco F Faletra
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Eustachio Agricola
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Frank A Flachskampf
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Hahn
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Pepi
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Nina Wunderlich
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Leyla Elif Sade
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Erwan Donal
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Jose-Luis Zamorano
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Cosyns
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Mani Vannan
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Thor Edvardsen
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Alain Berrebi
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan A Popescu
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Lang
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Philippe B Bertrand
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Marc Dweck
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Niall Keenan
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stankovic
- Division of Cardiology, ISMETT: Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
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8
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Agricola E, Ingallina G, Ancona F, Biondi F, Margonato D, Barki M, Tavernese A, Belli M, Stella S. Evolution of interventional imaging in structural heart disease. Eur Heart J Suppl 2023; 25:C189-C199. [PMID: 37125282 PMCID: PMC10132629 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Treatments for structural heart diseases (SHD) have been considerably evolved by the widespread of transcatheter approach in the last decades. The progression of transcatheter treatments for SHD was feasible due to the improvement of devices and the advances in imaging techniques. In this setting, the cardiovascular imaging is pivotal not only for the diagnosis but even for the treatment of SHD. With the aim of fulfilling these tasks, a multimodality imaging approach with new imaging tools for pre-procedural planning, intra-procedural guidance, and follow-up of SHD was developed. This review will describe the current state-of-the-art imaging techniques for the most common percutaneous interventions as well as the new imaging tools. The imaging approaches will be addressed describing the use in pre-procedural planning, intra-procedural guidance, and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacomo Ingallina
- Cardiothoracic Department, Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Francesco Ancona
- Cardiothoracic Department, Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Federico Biondi
- Cardiothoracic Department, Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Davide Margonato
- Cardiothoracic Department, Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Monica Barki
- Cardiothoracic Department, Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Cardiothoracic Department, Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Martina Belli
- Cardiothoracic Department, Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Stefano Stella
- Cardiothoracic Department, Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
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9
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Hana D, Miller T, Skaff P, Seetharam K, Suleiman S, Raybuck B, Kawsara A, Wei L, Roberts H, Cook C, Badhwar V, Daggubatti R, Mills J, Sengupta P, Hamirani Y. 3D transesophageal echocardiography for guiding transcatheter aortic valve replacement without prior cardiac computed tomography in patients with renal dysfunction. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2022; 41:63-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Taylor AM. The role of artificial intelligence in paediatric cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 52:2131-2138. [PMID: 34936019 PMCID: PMC9537201 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-05218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers the potential to change many aspects of paediatric cardiac imaging. At present, there are only a few clinically validated examples of AI applications in this field. This review focuses on the use of AI in paediatric cardiovascular MRI, using examples from paediatric cardiovascular MRI, adult cardiovascular MRI and other radiologic experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Taylor
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Zayed Centre for Research, 20 Guildford St., Room 3.7, London, WC1N 1DZ UK ,Cardiovascular Imaging, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK
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11
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Wu G, Zhu J, Hu K, Cai H, Li X, Yang Y. Analysis and Study on the Quality of Life of Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3147382. [PMID: 34956394 PMCID: PMC8702324 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3147382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Explore the factors affecting the QO of life after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and analyze and evaluate their surgical efficacy and postoperative survival status. METHODS Through correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, we predict various clinical characteristics and postoperative quality and predict clinical changes in L postoperative quality. RESULTS The quality of life of patients with the disease has gradually improved and improved from 6 months after surgery. The differences in the three aspects of its physiological mechanism function, physiological function function, overall health, and vitality are statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with traditional open-thoracic aortic valve (AV) surgery, TAVR has the significant advantages of smaller surgical incision and less trauma to the patient, which has become one of the reasons why patients are willing to accept it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830001 Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830001 Xinjiang, China
| | - Kaixuan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830001 Xinjiang, China
| | - Huan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830001 Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830001 Xinjiang, China
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830001 Xinjiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001 Xinjiang, China
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12
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Hagendorff A, Helfen A, Flachskampf FA, Ewen S, Kruck S, La Rosée K, Knierim J, Voigt JU, Kreidel F, Fehske W, Brandt R, Zahn R, Knebel F. Manual zur Indikation und Durchführung spezieller echokardiographischer Anwendungen. DER KARDIOLOGE 2021. [PMCID: PMC8521495 DOI: 10.1007/s12181-021-00509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Das zweite Manual zur Indikation und Durchführung der Echokardiographie bezieht sich auf spezifische Anwendungen der Echokardiographie und besondere Fragestellungen bei speziellen Patientengruppen. Dabei stehen v. a. praktische Aspekte im Vordergrund. Methodisch etabliert sind die transösophageale Echokardiographie, die Stressechokardiographie und die Kontrastechokardiographie. Bei nahezu allen echokardiographischen Untersuchungen spielen aktuell 3‑D-Echokardiographie und Deformationsbildgebung eine Rolle. Das gesamte Spektrum der echokardiographischen Möglichkeiten wird derzeit in Notfall- und Intensivmedizin, bei der Überwachung und Führung von Katheterinterventionen, bei strukturellen Herzerkrankungen, bei herzchirurgischen Operationen, bei der Nachsorge von kardialen Unterstützungssystemen, bei kongenitalen Vitien im Erwachsenenalter und bei der Versorgung von hochinfektiösen Patienten in Pandemiezeiten angewandt. Die diagnostischen Fortschritte der konventionellen und modernen echokardiographischen Anwendungen stehen im Fokus dieses Manuals. Die 3‑D-Echokardiographie zur Charakterisierung der kardialen Morphologie und die Deformationsbildgebung zur Objektivierung der kardialen Funktion sind bei vielen Indikationen im klinischen Alltag etabliert. Die Stressechokardiographie zur Ischämie‑, Vitalitäts- und Vitiendiagnostik, die Bestimmung der koronaren Flussreserve und die Kontrastechokardiographie bei der linksventrikulären Wandbewegungsanalyse und kardialen Tumordetektion finden zunehmend klinische Anwendung. Wie für die konventionelle Echokardiographie im ersten Manual der Echokardiographie 2009 beschrieben, erfordert der Einsatz moderner echokardiographischer Verfahren die standardisierte Dokumentation und Akquisition bestimmter Bildsequenzen bei optimierter Geräteeinstellung, da korrekte und reproduzierbare Auswertungen nur bei guter Bildqualität möglich sind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hagendorff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Helfen
- Medizinische Klinik I, Katholisches Klinikum Lünen Werne GmbH St. Marien-Hospital Lünen, Lünen, Deutschland
| | - Frank A. Flachskampf
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universität Uppsala, und Klinisk fysiologi och kardiologi, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Schweden
| | - Sebastian Ewen
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III – Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Kruck
- Cardio Centrum Ludwigsburg Bietigheim, Ludwigsburg, Deutschland
| | - Karl La Rosée
- Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr. La Rosée & Prof. Dr. Müller, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Jan Knierim
- Klinik für Herz‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Jens-Uwe Voigt
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Gasthuisberg und Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cath. University Leuven, Leuven, Belgien
| | - Felix Kreidel
- Zentrum für Kardiologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Fehske
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Köln – Herzzentrum, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Roland Brandt
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Kerckhoff Klinik GmbH, Bad Nauheim, Deutschland
| | - Ralf Zahn
- Medizinische Klinik B – Abteilung für Kardiologie, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen gGmbH, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Deutschland
- Kommission für Klinische Kardiovaskuläre Medizin, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Fabian Knebel
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Deutschland
- Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, Berlin, Deutschland
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Lauzier PT, Avram R, Dey D, Slomka P, Afilalo J, Chow BJ. The evolving role of artificial intelligence in cardiac image analysis. Can J Cardiol 2021; 38:214-224. [PMID: 34619340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in artificial intelligence (AI) have progressed over the last decade. The field of cardiac imaging has seen significant developments using newly developed deep learning methods for automated image analysis and AI tools for disease detection and prognostication. This review article is aimed at those without special background in AI. We review AI concepts and we survey the growing contemporary applications of AI for image analysis in echocardiography, nuclear cardiology, cardiac computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and invasive angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Avram
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Damini Dey
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Piotr Slomka
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Medranda GA, Rogers T. Risk and Mitigation of Coronary Obstruction in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. Interv Cardiol Clin 2021; 10:481-490. [PMID: 34593111 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute coronary artery occlusion is a rare but devastating complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Coronary obstruction is angiographic evidence of a new-partial or complete-obstruction of a coronary artery. Key factors identifying patients at risk are aortic root anatomy, type of aortic valve, and type of transcatheter heart valve. Techniques to prevent coronary obstruction include intentional leaflet laceration. If acute coronary obstruction does occur, bailout stenting can be challenging and conversion to emergent open heart surgery may be required, both of which are associated with high morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio A Medranda
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street NW, Suite 4B1, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Toby Rogers
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street NW, Suite 4B1, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Ding P, Xu C, Liu Y, Meng X, Jin P, Tang J, Li L, Ma Y, Yang J. Application of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in preoperative evaluation of transcatheter aortic valve replacement. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:315. [PMID: 34182931 PMCID: PMC8237423 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our goal was to determine the accuracy of 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) compared with that of computed tomography (CT) in the preoperative evaluation for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) when the errors caused by inconsistent software and method have been eliminated and the representativeness of the sample has been improved. We also investigated the influence of aortic root calcification on the accuracy of 3D-TEE in aortic annulus evaluations. Methods Part I: 45 of 233 patients who underwent TAVR in the department of cardiovascular surgery at the Xijing hospital from January 2016 to August 2019 were studied retrospectively. Materialise Mimics software and the multiplanar reconstruction method were used for evaluation, based on 3D-TEE and CT. The annulus area-derived diameter, the annulus perimeter-derived diameter (Dp), the annulus mean diameter, the left ventricular outflow tract Dp diameter, the sinotubular junction (STJ) diameter-Dp, and the aortic sinus diameter were compared and analyzed. Part II: 31 of 233 patients whose 3D-TEE and CT data were well preserved and in the required format were included. HU450 and HU850 were used as indicators to measure the severity of calcification. The Spearman rank correlation and Linear regression were used to analyze the correlation between aortic root calcification and the accuracy of 3D-TEE in aortic annulus measurement. Results The measurement results based on 3D-TEE were significantly lower than those obtained using CT (P < 0.05), except for the STJ diameter-Dp in diastole (P = 0.11). The correlation coefficient of the two groups was 0.699–0.954 (P < 0.01), which also indicated a significant correlation between the two groups. A Bland–Altman plot showed that the ordinate values were mostly within the 95% consistency limit; the consistency of the two groups was good. By establishing the linear regression equation, the two groups can be inferred from each other. The Spearman rank correlation analysis and the Linear regression analysis showed that the influence of aortic calcification on the accuracy of the 3D-TEE annulus evaluation was limited. Conclusions Although an evaluation based on 3D-TEE underestimated the results, we can deduce CT results from 3D-TEE because the two methods exhibit considerable correlation and consistency. Trial registration Name: Surgery and Transcatheter Intervention for Structural Heart Diseases. Number: NCT02917980. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NCT02917980.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127. Changle West Rd, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chennian Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127. Changle West Rd, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127. Changle West Rd, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127. Changle West Rd, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiayou Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127. Changle West Rd, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127. Changle West Rd, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127. Changle West Rd, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127. Changle West Rd, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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16
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Librera M, Carlomagno G, Paolillo S, Romano M, Antonini-Canterin F, D'Alto M, De Martino G, Briguori C. Two-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography Assessment of the Major Aortic Annulus Diameter in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2021; 31:23-28. [PMID: 34221882 PMCID: PMC8230165 DOI: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_110_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is the gold standard in annulus sizing before transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, MDCT has limited applicability in specific subgroups of patients, such as those with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease. Two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2DTEE) has traditionally been limited to the long-axis measurement of the anteroposterior diameter of the aortic annulus. We describe a new 2DTEE approach for the measurement of the major diameter of the aortic annulus. Methods: Seventy-six patients with symptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis and high surgical risk underwent MDCT and 2DTEE before TAVR. A modified five-chamber view was used to measure the major aortic annulus diameter. This was obtained starting from a mid-esophageal four chamber and retracting the TEE probe up until the left ventricular outflow tract and the left and noncoronary aortic cusps were visualized: major aortic annulus diameter was measured as the distance between their insertion points in systole. Results: Major aortic annulus diameters measured at 2DTEE showed good correlation with MDCT diameter (r = 0.79; P < 0.001) and perimeter (r = 0.87; P < 0.0001). Using factsheet-derived sizing criteria, 2DTEE alone would have allowed accurate sizing in 75% of patients, with 21% of oversizing predominantly with smaller annuli. Conclusions: We describe a new method for 2DTEE measurement of the major aortic annulus diameter; this approach is simple, correlates with MDCT, and allows adequate TAVR sizing in most patients. These findings may help in the assessment of patients with contraindications to or inadequate MDCT images.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maurizio Romano
- Radiology Unit, Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy.,Institute on Biostructures and Bioimages, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Michele D'Alto
- "L. Vanvitelli" University, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Briguori
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
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17
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Mork C, Wei M, Jiang W, Ren J, Ran H. Aortic Annular Sizing Using Novel Software in Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:751. [PMID: 33922239 PMCID: PMC8145366 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: We performed this study to evaluate the agreement between novel automated software of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for aortic annular measurements of preprocedural transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR); (2) Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases were systematically searched for studies that compared 3D-TEE and MDCT as the reference standard for aortic annular measurement of the following parameters: annular area, annular perimeter, area derived-diameter, perimeter derived-diameter, maximum and minimum diameter. Meta-analytic methods were utilized to determine the pooled correlations and mean differences between 3D-TEE and MDCT. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. Meta-regression analyses were performed based on the potential factors affecting the correlation of aortic annular area; (3) Results: A total of 889 patients from 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled correlation coefficients between 3D-TEE and MDCT of annulus area, perimeter, area derived-diameter, perimeter derived-diameter, maximum and minimum diameter measurements were strong 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84-0.92), 0.88 (95% CI: 0.83-0.92), 0.87 (95% CI: 0.77-0.93), 0.87 (95% CI: 0.77-0.93), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.64-0.87), and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.61-0.84) (Overall p < 0.0001), respectively. Pooled mean differences between 3D-TEE and MDCT of annulus area, perimeter, area derived-diameter, perimeter derived-diameter, maximum and minimum diameter measurements were -20.01 mm2 ((95% CI: -35.37 to -0.64), p = 0.011), -2.31 mm ((95% CI: -3.31 to -1.31), p < 0.0001), -0.22 mm ((95% CI: -0.73 to 0.29), p = 0.40), -0.47 mm ((95% CI: -1.06 to 0.12), p = 0.12), -1.36 mm ((95% CI: -2.43 to -0.30), p = 0.012), and 0.31 mm ((95% CI: -0.15 to 0.77), p = 0.18), respectively. There were no statistically significant associations with the baseline patient characteristics of sex, age, left ventricular ejection fraction, mean transaortic gradient, and aortic valve area to the correlation between 3D-TEE and MDCT for aortic annular area sizing; (4) Conclusions: The present study implies that 3D-TEE using novel software tools, automatically analysis, is feasible to MDCT for annulus sizing in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanrith Mork
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China; (C.M.); (M.W.); (W.J.); (J.R.)
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China; (C.M.); (M.W.); (W.J.); (J.R.)
| | - Weixi Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China; (C.M.); (M.W.); (W.J.); (J.R.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jianli Ren
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China; (C.M.); (M.W.); (W.J.); (J.R.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Haitao Ran
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China; (C.M.); (M.W.); (W.J.); (J.R.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing 400010, China
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18
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Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography as an Alternative to Multidetector Computed Tomography in Aortic Annular Diameter Measurements for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020132. [PMID: 33567521 PMCID: PMC7916087 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients who have multiple associated comorbidities and need to change the aortic valve may have a contraindication to open-heart surgery, the alternative being transcatheter aortic valve implantation, which requires very precise measurements of the aortic annulus to determine the dimensions of the prostheses. Ultrasonographic imaging techniques, such as transesophageal echocardiography, are constantly evolving. The aim of our study was to compare the three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and multi-detector computer tomography methods, with the former being an alternative for patients who cannot undergo computer tomography because of a major contraindication. We have demonstrated that there were small differences between aortic annular measurements using multi-detector computer tomography (2.25 ± 0.19 cm) and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2.25 ± 0.15 cm). Thus, three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography can be the solution for aortic annular measurements used to select the correct prosthesis for the transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedure in patients who cannot undergo computer tomography. Abstract Background and objectives: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a therapeutic choice for high surgical risk patients, serving as an alternative to open-heart surgery. Correct measurement of the aortic annulus, which leads to the selection of a suitable prosthesis and accurate outcome prediction, is essential for the success of TAVI. The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of novel imaging te chniques in measuring the aortic annulus by comparing multi-detector computer tomography (MDCT) and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) for the selection of the optimal prosthesis. Materials and Methods: Measurements of the aortic annulus have been performed on 25 patients using MDCT and TEE, and the correlation and agreement levels between the two measuring techniques were analyzed. MDCT measurements were used for the sizing of the prostheses. Results: MDCT and TEE measurements of aortic annular diameters were significantly correlated, with a mean difference of 0.001 cm. Conclusions: 3D TEE measurements have been in good agreement with MDCT and, therefore, 3D TEE can be used as an alternative in cases where MDCT is contraindicated or not available.
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19
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Italiano G, Fusini L, Mantegazza V, Tamborini G, Muratori M, Ghulam Ali S, Penso M, Garlaschè A, Gripari P, Pepi M. Novelties in 3D Transthoracic Echocardiography. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030408. [PMID: 33494387 PMCID: PMC7865963 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular imaging is developing at a rapid pace and the newer modalities, in particular three-dimensional echocardiography, allow better analysis of heart structures. Identifying valve lesions and grading their severity represents crucial information and nowadays is strengthened by the introduction of new software, such as transillumination, which provide detailed morphology descriptions. Chambers quantification has never been so rapid and accurate: machine learning algorithms generate automated volume measurements, including left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, which is extremely important for clinical decisions. This review provides an overview of the latest innovations in the echocardiography field, and is helpful by providing a better insight into heart diseases.
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La integración de la inteligencia artificial en el abordaje clínico del paciente: enfoque en la imagen cardiaca. Rev Esp Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Awad WI, Idhrees M, Bashir M. Is urgent transcatheter aortic valve replacement better than balloon aortic valvuloplasty? J Card Surg 2020; 36:216-218. [PMID: 33225531 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wael I Awad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
| | - Mohammed Idhrees
- Institute of Cardiac and Aortic Disorders, SRM Institues for Medical Science (SIMS Hospital), Chennai, India
| | - Mohamad Bashir
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, Blackburn, UK
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22
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Loncaric F, Camara O, Piella G, Bijnens B. Integration of artificial intelligence into clinical patient management: focus on cardiac imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 74:72-80. [PMID: 32819849 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac imaging is a crucial component in the management of patients with heart disease, and as such it influences multiple, inter-related parts of the clinical workflow: physician-patient contact, image acquisition, image pre- and postprocessing, study reporting, diagnostics and outcome predictions, medical interventions, and, finally, knowledge-building through clinical research. With the gradual and ubiquitous infiltration of artificial intelligence into cardiology, it has become clear that, when used appropriately, it will influence and potentially improve-through automation, standardization and data integration-all components of the clinical workflow. This review aims to present a comprehensive view of full integration of artificial intelligence into the standard clinical patient management-with a focus on cardiac imaging, but applicable to all information handling-and to discuss current barriers that remain to be overcome before its widespread implementation and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Loncaric
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Oscar Camara
- BCN MedTech, Departament de Tecnologies de la Informació i les Comunicacions, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Piella
- BCN MedTech, Departament de Tecnologies de la Informació i les Comunicacions, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bart Bijnens
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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Gleitman S, Elbaz-Greener G, Ghanim D, Kusniec F, Rabin A, Sudarsky D, Grosman-Rimon L, Amir O, Carasso S. Similar Procedural Success of Transcutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement with Prosthesis Valve Sizing by Either Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography Modeling or Computed Tomography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33:1149-1151. [PMID: 32680745 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagi Gleitman
- Cardiovascular Institute, B Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Gabby Elbaz-Greener
- Cardiovascular Institute, B Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Diab Ghanim
- Cardiovascular Institute, B Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Fabio Kusniec
- Cardiovascular Institute, B Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Asaf Rabin
- Cardiovascular Institute, B Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Doron Sudarsky
- Cardiovascular Institute, B Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Liza Grosman-Rimon
- Cardiovascular Institute, B Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Offer Amir
- Cardiovascular Institute, B Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shemy Carasso
- Cardiovascular Institute, B Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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24
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Applications of artificial intelligence in multimodality cardiovascular imaging: A state-of-the-art review. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 63:367-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Potential Value of Fusion Imaging and Automated Three-Dimensional Heart Segmentation During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33:516-517.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Gegenava T, van der Bijl P, Vollema EM, van der Kley F, de Weger A, Hautemann D, Reiber JHC, Ajmone Marsan N, Bax JJ, Delgado V. Prognostic Influence of Feature Tracking Multidetector Row Computed Tomography-Derived Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in Patients with Aortic Stenosis Treated With Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. Am J Cardiol 2020; 125:948-955. [PMID: 31928719 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Computed tomography plays a central role in the evaluation of patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Advances in left ventricular (LV) analysis with multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) permit measurement of LV global longitudinal strain (GLS). The present study aimed at evaluating the association between feature tracking (FT) MDCT derived LV GLS and all-cause mortality in patients treated with TAVI. A total of 214 patients with severe aortic stenosis (51% male, 80 ± 7 years) who underwent TAVI and with dynamic MDCT data allowing LV GLS measurement with novel FT algorithm were included. LV GLS was measured at baseline and were divided according to a previously published cut-off value of LV GLS associated with all-cause mortality (≤-14% [more preserved LV systolic function] vs >-14% [more impaired LV systolic function]). Patients were followed for the occurrence of all-cause mortality. Mean FT MDCT-derived LV GLS was -12.5 ± 4%. During a median follow-up of 45 months (interquartile range: 29 to 62 months), 67 (31%) patients died. The cumulative rate of all-cause mortality for the patients with FT MDCT-derived LV GLS ≤-14% was 15% versus28% for the patients with FT MDCT-derived LV GLS >-14%, Log rank p = 0.001). FT MDCT-derived LV GLS was independently associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 0.851; 95% confidence interval: 0.772 to 0.937; p = 0.001). In conclusion, impaired FT MDCT-derived LV GLS is independently associated with all-cause mortality in patients treated with TAVI. Besides aortic valve area and calcification, FT MDCT-derived LV GLS is an important prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Gegenava
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter van der Bijl
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E Mara Vollema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van der Kley
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arend de Weger
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Hautemann
- LKEB, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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28
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Queirós S, Morais P, Dubois C, Voigt JU, Fehske W, Kuhn A, Achenbach T, Fonseca JC, Vilaça JL, D'hooge J. Validation of a Novel Software Tool for Automatic Aortic Annular Sizing in Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiographic Images. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2019; 31:515-525.e5. [PMID: 29625649 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate aortic annulus (AoA) sizing is crucial for transcatheter aortic valve implantation planning. Three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a viable alternative to the standard multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) for such assessment, with few automatic software solutions available. The aim of this study was to present and evaluate a novel software tool for automatic AoA sizing by 3D TEE. METHODS One hundred one patients who underwent both preoperative MDCT and 3D TEE were retrospectively analyzed using the software. The automatic software measurements' accuracy was compared against values obtained using standard manual MDCT, as well as against those obtained using manual 3D TEE, and intraobserver, interobserver, and test-retest reproducibility was assessed. Because the software can be used as a fully automatic or as an interactive tool, both options were addressed and contrasted. The impact of these measures on the recommended prosthesis size was then evaluated to assess if the software's automated sizes were concordant with those obtained using an MDCT- or a TEE-based manual sizing strategy. RESULTS The software showed very good agreement with manual values obtained using MDCT and 3D TEE, with the interactive approach having slightly narrower limits of agreement. The latter also had excellent intra- and interobserver variability. Both fully automatic and interactive analyses showed excellent test-retest reproducibility, with the first having a faster analysis time. Finally, either approach led to good sizing agreement against the true implanted sizes (>77%) and against MDCT-based sizes (>88%). CONCLUSIONS Given the automated, reproducible, and fast nature of its analyses, the novel software tool presented here may potentially facilitate and thus increase the use of 3D TEE for preoperative transcatheter aortic valve implantation sizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Queirós
- Lab on Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Algoritmi Center, School of Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Morais
- Lab on Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Christophe Dubois
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Leuven, and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens-Uwe Voigt
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Leuven, and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Fehske
- Department of Cardiology, St. Vinzenz-Hospital, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, St. Vinzenz-Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Kuhn
- Department of Cardiology, St. Vinzenz-Hospital, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, St. Vinzenz-Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Achenbach
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, St. Vinzenz-Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jaime C Fonseca
- Algoritmi Center, School of Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João L Vilaça
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; 2Ai- Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - Jan D'hooge
- Lab on Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Hagendorff A, Evangelista A, Fehske W, Schäfers HJ. Improvement in the Assessment of Aortic Valve and Aortic Aneurysm Repair by 3-Dimensional Echocardiography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 12:2225-2244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Maia J, Ladeiras-Lopes R, Guerreiro C, Carvalho M, Fontes-Carvalho R, Braga P, Sampaio F. Accuracy of three-dimensional echocardiography in candidates for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 36:291-298. [PMID: 31659601 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-019-01716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The correct determination of aortic annulus dimensions is a crucial step to avoid complications in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR). Currently, the gold standard method for the evaluation of the aortic annulus is Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT), which is limited by the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy. Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography automated software (3DTEEa) have been used as an alternative in patients with contra-indications to MDCT. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of 3DTEEa-derived aortic annulus dimensions; to assess the influence of calcification in the agreement between 3DTEEa and MDCT; and to determine reclassification in prosthesis size choice if 3DTEEa was the only imaging method. One hundred and seven consecutive patients referred for TAVR were studied. Aortic annulus dimensions were determined using MDCT and 3DTEE manual (3DTEEm) and automated measurements. Valve calcification was assessed with MDCT. Limits of agreement (LOA) were narrower for 3DTEEa (minimum diameter: mean bias 0.60; LOA - 2.94 to 4.14; maximum diameter: mean bias 0.20; LOA - 3.82 to 4.22) as compared to 3DTEEm (minimum diameter: mean bias 0.22; LOA - 3.84 to 4.28; maximum diameter: mean bias - 1.25; LOA - 6.37; 3.86). Compared to MDCT, 3DTEEa overestimated while 3DTEEm underestimated most parameters. No differences were found in average bias between methods according to quartiles of valve calcification. Most patients would have received the same size valve (63.9%) if 3DTEEa was the only available method. Measurement of aortic annulus dimensions using a 3DTEE automatic software is feasible and not influenced by valve calcification. It may be an alternative for patients who cannot undergo MDCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Maia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ladeiras-Lopes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Gaia/Espinho, Rua Conceição Fernandes, 4430-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Guerreiro
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Gaia/Espinho, Rua Conceição Fernandes, 4430-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Mónica Carvalho
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Gaia/Espinho, Rua Conceição Fernandes, 4430-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Gaia/Espinho, Rua Conceição Fernandes, 4430-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Pedro Braga
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Gaia/Espinho, Rua Conceição Fernandes, 4430-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Francisco Sampaio
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Gaia/Espinho, Rua Conceição Fernandes, 4430-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
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Rong LQ, Hameed I, Salemi A, Rahouma M, Khan FM, Wijeysundera HC, Angiolillo DJ, Shore-Lesserson L, Biondi-Zoccai G, Girardi LN, Fremes SE, Gaudino M. Three-Dimensional Echocardiography for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Sizing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013463. [PMID: 31549579 PMCID: PMC6806040 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is the standard of care for many patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis and relies on accurate sizing of the aortic annulus. It has been suggested that 3‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) may be used instead of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for TAVR planning. This systematic review and meta‐analysis compared 3D TEE and MDCT for pre‐TAVR measurements. Methods and Results A systematic literature search was performed. The primary outcome was the correlation coefficient between 3D TEE– and MDCT‐measured annular area. Secondary outcomes were correlation coefficients for mean annular diameter, annular perimeter, and left ventricular outflow tract area; interobserver and intraobserver agreements; mean differences between 3D TEE and MDCT measurements; and pooled sensitivities, specificities, and receiver operating characteristic area under curve values of 3D TEE and MDCT for discriminating post‐TAVR paravalvular aortic regurgitation. A random effects model was used. Meta‐regression and leave‐one‐out analysis for the primary outcome were performed. Nineteen studies with a total of 1599 patients were included. Correlations between 3D TEE and MDCT annular area, annular perimeter, annular diameter, and left ventricular outflow tract area measurements were strong (0.86 [95% CI, 0.80–0.90]; 0.89 [CI, 0.82–0.93]; 0.80 [CI, 0.70–0.87]; and 0.78 [CI, 0.61–0.88], respectively). Mean differences between 3D TEE and MDCT between measurements were small and nonsignificant. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement and discriminatory abilities for paravalvular aortic regurgitation were good for both 3D TEE and MDCT. Conclusions For pre‐TAVR planning, 3D TEE is comparable to MDCT. In patients with renal dysfunction, 3D TEE may be potentially advantageous for TAVR measurements because of the lack of contrast exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Q Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY
| | - Irbaz Hameed
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY
| | - Arash Salemi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY
| | - Mohamed Rahouma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY
| | - Faiza M Khan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome Latina Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro Napoli Italy
| | - Leonard N Girardi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY
| | - Stephen E Fremes
- Schulich Heart Centre Sunnybrook Health Science University of Toronto Canada
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY
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Vollema EM, Delgado V, Bax JJ. Echocardiography in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. Heart Lung Circ 2019; 28:1384-1399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Gosling AF, Thalappillil R, Ortoleva J, Datta P, Cobey FC. Automated Spectral Doppler Profile Tracing. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 34:72-76. [PMID: 31416674 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors hypothesized that automated tracings of both pulsed wave (PW) and continuous wave (CW) Doppler correlate well with manual measurements performed by an experienced echocardiographer. DESIGN The authors performed a retrospective analysis of spectral Doppler profile measurements performed by automated software and an echocardiographer. SETTING University hospital, single institution. PARTICIPANTS The authors reviewed transesophageal echocardiographic examinations from patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve (AV) replacement procedures at their institution. INTERVENTIONS No interventions were performed solely for research purposes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS PW and CW spectral envelopes at the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and AV were analyzed. Blinded, a board-certified echocardiographer performed manual measurements of the identical spectral envelopes. Peak velocities, mean gradients, and velocity time integrals (VTI) were collected. A total of 33 PW as well as 33 CW Doppler spectral envelopes were evaluated. There was no significant difference between the measurements provided by the automated software and manual tracings. LVOT PW VTI automated versus manual: 18.2 cm versus 15.9 cm, p = 0.11. AV CW VTI automated versus manual: 65.8 cm versus 64.8 cm, p = 0.90. AV CW mean gradient automated versus manual: 24.3 mmHg versus 23.4 mmHg, p = 0.84. AV CW peak velocity automated versus manual: 3.00 m/s versus 2.98 m/s, p = 0.93. Correlation coefficients were all above 0.9. CONCLUSIONS Automated measurements of peak velocities, mean gradients, and VTI of spectral Doppler correlate closely with manual measurements performed by an experienced echocardiographer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre F Gosling
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Richard Thalappillil
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jamel Ortoleva
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Frederick C Cobey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.
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Zhang M, Wan L, Liu K, Wu W, Li H, Wang Y, Lu B, Wang H. Aortic roots assessment by an automated three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography: an intra-individual comparison. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 35:2029-2036. [PMID: 31297671 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-019-01664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the accuracy, reproducibility, and transcatheter heart valve (THV) sizing efficiency of an automated 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic (3D-TEE) post-processing software in the assessments of aortic roots, intra-individually compared with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). We prospectively studied 67 patients with normal aortic roots. We measured diameters of aortic annulus (AA), sinus of Valsalva (SOV), and sino-tubular junction (STJ) by full-automated and semi-automated methods using 3D-TEE datasets, then compared them to corresponding transthoracic echocardiography and MDCT values. THV sizes were chosen based on echocardiography and MDCT measurements according to recommended criterion. Taking MDCT planimetered diameters as reference, the full-automated (r: 0.4745-0.8792) and semi-automated (r: 0.6647-0.8805) 3D-TEE measurements were linearly correlated (p < 0.0001). The average differences between semi-automated or full-automated measurements and reference were 0.3 mm or 1.3 mm for AA, - 1.9 mm or - 0.5 mm for SOV, and - 0.1 mm or 1.9 mm for STJ, respectively. The intra-class correlation coefficients of semi-automated method were 0.79-0.96 (intra-observer) and 0.75-0.92 (inter-observer). THV sizing by semi-automated measurements using echocardiographic criteria was larger than that by MDCT measurements using MDCT criteria (p < 0.0001) but equivalent (p > 0.05) if both using MDCT standards. The new automated 3D-TEE software allows modeling and quantifying aortic roots with high reproducibility. Measurements by the semi-automated method closely approximate and well correlate with the corresponding MDCT, thus THV sizing by this modeled 3D-TEE measurements should adopt recommended MDCT criteria but not echocardiographic criteria. The full-automated 3D-TEE segmentations are yet immature. (Semi-automated assessMent of Aortic Roots by Three-dimensional transEsophageal echocaRdiography [SMARTER], NCT02724709).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Linyuan Wan
- Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Radiologic Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Weichun Wu
- Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Radiologic Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Nolan MT, Thavendiranathan P. Automated Quantification in Echocardiography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 12:1073-1092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ebuchi K, Yoshitani K, Kanemaru E, Fujii T, Tsukinaga A, Shimahara Y, Ohnishi Y. Measurement of the Aortic Annulus Area and Diameter by Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:2387-2393. [PMID: 31155456 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sizing of the aortic valve is crucial for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is used for sizing. Recently, three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3DTEE) has enabled accurate measurement of the aortic annulus area and diameter in cases that are difficult to measure. The authors compared measurements of aortic annulus areas and diameters acquired by MDCT and 3DTEE. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTING Single national center. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-eight patients who underwent TAVR replacement between September 2015 and March 2017. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The authors extracted and compared preoperative measurements of the aortic annulus area, as well as the long- and short-axis diameter, measured by MDCT and 3DTEE. There was no significant difference in the aortic annulus area (409 ± 74 v 414 ± 70 mm2, p = 0.15) or short-axis diameter (20.4 ± 2.0 v 20.6 ± 1.9 mm, p = 0.103) between 3DTEE and MDCT, but the long-axis diameter differed significantly (25.0 ± 2.4 v 25.8 ± 2.0 mm, p < 0.001), respectively. Prosthesis sizes based on 3DTEE and MDCT were the same, except in 3 patients who could not stay still during MDCT measurement; in those cases, prosthesis sizes based on 3DTEE were adopted. CONCLUSIONS Measurements of the aortic annulus area and diameter in TAVR were similar between 3DTEE and MDCT. Patients who have difficulty remaining still during MDCT measurement because of dementia should have their prostheses sized based on 3DTEE measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Ebuchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshitani
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Eiki Kanemaru
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tasuku Fujii
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akito Tsukinaga
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiniko Ohnishi
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
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Queirós S, Morais P, Fehske W, Papachristidis A, Voigt JU, Fonseca JC, D'hooge J, Vilaça JL. Assessment of aortic valve tract dynamics using automatic tracking of 3D transesophageal echocardiographic images. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 35:881-895. [PMID: 30701439 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-019-01532-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of aortic valve (AV) morphology is paramount for planning transcatheter AV implantation (TAVI). Nowadays, pre-TAVI sizing is routinely performed at one cardiac phase only, usually at mid-systole. Nonetheless, the AV is a dynamic structure that undergoes changes in size and shape throughout the cardiac cycle, which may be relevant for prosthesis selection. Thus, the aim of this study was to present and evaluate a novel software tool enabling the automatic sizing of the AV dynamically in three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) images. Forty-two patients who underwent preoperative 3D-TEE images were retrospectively analyzed using the software. Dynamic measurements were automatically extracted at four levels, including the aortic annulus. These measures were used to assess the software's ability to accurately and reproducibly quantify the conformational changes of the aortic root and were validated against automated sizing measurements independently extracted at distinct time points. The software extracted physiological dynamic measurements in less than 2 min, that were shown to be accurate (error 2.2 ± 26.3 mm2 and 0.0 ± 2.53 mm for annular area and perimeter, respectively) and highly reproducible (0.85 ± 6.18 and 0.65 ± 7.90 mm2 of intra- and interobserver variability, respectively, in annular area). Using the maximum or minimum measured values rather than mid-systolic ones for device sizing resulted in a potential change of recommended size in 7% and 60% of the cases, respectively. The presented software tool allows a fast, automatic and reproducible dynamic assessment of the AV morphology from 3D-TEE images, with the extracted measures influencing the device selection depending on the cardiac moment used to perform its sizing. This novel tool may thus ease and potentially increase the observer's confidence during prosthesis' size selection at the preoperative TAVI planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Queirós
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. .,Lab on Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Algoritmi Center, School of Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Morais
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Lab on Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,2Ai-Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - Wolfgang Fehske
- Department of Cardiology, St Vinzenz-Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jens-Uwe Voigt
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaime C Fonseca
- Algoritmi Center, School of Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jan D'hooge
- Lab on Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - João L Vilaça
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,2Ai-Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal
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38
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Marino M, Lilie CJ, Culp WC, Schepel SR, Tippett JC. The Evolution of Echocardiographic Type and Anesthetic Technique for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement at a High-Volume Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Center. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:29-35. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Alsharqi M, Woodward WJ, Mumith JA, Markham DC, Upton R, Leeson P. Artificial intelligence and echocardiography. Echo Res Pract 2018; 5:R115-R125. [PMID: 30400053 PMCID: PMC6280250 DOI: 10.1530/erp-18-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Echocardiography plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. However, interpretation remains largely reliant on the subjective expertise of the operator. As a result inter-operator variability and experience can lead to incorrect diagnoses. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies provide new possibilities for echocardiography to generate accurate, consistent and automated interpretation of echocardiograms, thus potentially reducing the risk of human error. In this review, we discuss a subfield of AI relevant to image interpretation, called machine learning, and its potential to enhance the diagnostic performance of echocardiography. We discuss recent applications of these methods and future directions for AI-assisted interpretation of echocardiograms. The research suggests it is feasible to apply machine learning models to provide rapid, highly accurate and consistent assessment of echocardiograms, comparable to clinicians. These algorithms are capable of accurately quantifying a wide range of features, such as the severity of valvular heart disease or the ischaemic burden in patients with coronary artery disease. However, the applications and their use are still in their infancy within the field of echocardiography. Research to refine methods and validate their use for automation, quantification and diagnosis are in progress. Widespread adoption of robust AI tools in clinical echocardiography practice should follow and have the potential to deliver significant benefits for patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alsharqi
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - W J Woodward
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J A Mumith
- Ultromics Ltd, Magdalen Centre, Robert Robinson Ave, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D C Markham
- Ultromics Ltd, Magdalen Centre, Robert Robinson Ave, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R Upton
- Ultromics Ltd, Magdalen Centre, Robert Robinson Ave, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - P Leeson
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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40
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Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis: Solving the Conundrum Using Multi-Modality Imaging. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 61:416-422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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3D-TEE for Measurement of the Aortic Annulus: a Review of the Literature and Step-By-Step Approach to an Essential Skill. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-018-9465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Alkhouli M, Winkler L, Tallaksen RJ. Computed Tomography Assessment for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. Interv Cardiol Clin 2018; 7:301-313. [PMID: 29983143 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement has become a mainstream therapeutic option for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are at intermediate risk or high risk for surgical valve replacement. Computed tomography (CT) is now the standard imaging modality for preoperative vascular access planning an aortic annular sizing. This article reviews the established and potential future roles of CT in transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Alkhouli
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Structural Heart Interventions, West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505-8059, USA.
| | - Lana Winkler
- Department of Radiology, West Virginia University, 1 medical drive, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Robert J Tallaksen
- Department of Radiology, West Virginia University, 1 medical drive, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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43
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Gandhi S, Mosleh W, Shen J, Chow CM. Automation, machine learning, and artificial intelligence in echocardiography: A brave new world. Echocardiography 2018; 35:1402-1418. [PMID: 29974498 DOI: 10.1111/echo.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Automation, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) are changing the landscape of echocardiography providing complimentary tools to physicians to enhance patient care. Multiple vendor software programs have incorporated automation to improve accuracy and efficiency of manual tracings. Automation with longitudinal strain and 3D echocardiography has shown great accuracy and reproducibility allowing the incorporation of these techniques into daily workflow. This will give further experience to nonexpert readers and allow the integration of these essential tools into more echocardiography laboratories. The potential for machine learning in cardiovascular imaging is still being discovered as algorithms are being created, with training on large data sets beyond what traditional statistical reasoning can handle. Deep learning when applied to large image repositories will recognize complex relationships and patterns integrating all properties of the image, which will unlock further connections about the natural history and prognosis of cardiac disease states. The purpose of this review article was to describe the role and current use of automation, machine learning, and AI in echocardiography and discuss potential limitations and challenges of in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Gandhi
- Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Joshua Shen
- St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chi-Ming Chow
- St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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44
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Hagendorff A, Stoebe S, Tayal B. A systematic approach to 3D echocardiographic assessment of the aortic root. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2018; 2018:12. [PMID: 30083542 PMCID: PMC6062762 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2018.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[first paragraph of article]Severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and/or severe abnormalities of the aortic root and the tubular ascending aorta (TAA) are indications for surgical treatment. The correct diagnosis, the choice of optimal treatment, as well as optimal timing of surgery, mainly depend on findings obtained by echocardiography - which is usually the initial diagnostic modality applied in clinical practice. Therefore, an appropriate morphological and functional quantification of the aortic valve (AV) and the aortic root complex is required. Aside from the need of standardization to provide a precise objective evaluation, the use of modern echocardiographic technologies - especially 3D-echocardiography -are less often implemented in clinical routine. The present manuscript focuses on the advantages of transthoracic and transesophageal 3D-echocardiography (TTE, TEE) for an improved assessment of the AV and the aortic root complex to provide accurate and comprehensive measurements for making the correct diagnosis and defining further therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Stoebe
- Dep. of Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
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45
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Kolte D, Khera S, Vemulapalli S, Dai D, Heo S, Goldsweig AM, Aronow HD, Elmariah S, Inglessis I, Palacios IF, Thourani VH, Sharaf BL, Gordon PC, Abbott JD. Outcomes Following Urgent/Emergent Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 11:1175-1185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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