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Lamon S, Zacharewicz E, Arentson-Lantz E, Gatta PAD, Ghobrial L, Gerlinger-Romero F, Garnham A, Paddon-Jones D, Russell AP. Erythropoietin Does Not Enhance Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis Following Exercise in Young and Older Adults. Front Physiol 2016; 7:292. [PMID: 27458387 PMCID: PMC4937030 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a renal cytokine that is primarily involved in hematopoiesis while also playing a role in non-hematopoietic tissues expressing the EPO-receptor (EPOR). The EPOR is present in human skeletal muscle. In mouse skeletal muscle, EPO stimulation can activate the AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT) signaling pathway, the main positive regulator of muscle protein synthesis. We hypothesized that a single intravenous EPO injection combined with acute resistance exercise would have a synergistic effect on skeletal muscle protein synthesis via activation of the AKT pathway. Methods: Ten young (24.2 ± 0.9 years) and 10 older (66.6 ± 1.1 years) healthy subjects received a primed, constant infusion of [ring-13C6] L-phenylalanine and a single injection of 10,000 IU epoetin-beta or placebo in a double-blind randomized, cross-over design. 2 h after the injection, the subjects completed an acute bout of leg extension resistance exercise to stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Results: Significant interaction effects in the phosphorylation levels of the members of the AKT signaling pathway indicated a differential activation of protein synthesis signaling in older subjects when compared to young subjects. However, EPO offered no synergistic effect on vastus lateralis mixed muscle protein synthesis rate in young or older subjects. Conclusions: Despite its ability to activate the AKT pathway in skeletal muscle, an acute EPO injection had no additive or synergistic effect on the exercise-induced activation of muscle protein synthesis or muscle protein synthesis signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Evelyn Zacharewicz
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily Arentson-Lantz
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lobna Ghobrial
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Frederico Gerlinger-Romero
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Douglas Paddon-Jones
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Saugy JJ, Schmitt L, Hauser A, Constantin G, Cejuela R, Faiss R, Wehrlin JP, Rosset J, Robinson N, Millet GP. Same Performance Changes after Live High-Train Low in Normobaric vs. Hypobaric Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2016; 7:138. [PMID: 27148076 PMCID: PMC4835493 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the changes in physiological and performance parameters after a Live High-Train Low (LHTL) altitude camp in normobaric (NH) or hypobaric hypoxia (HH) to reproduce the actual training practices of endurance athletes using a crossover-designed study. METHODS Well-trained triathletes (n = 16) were split into two groups and completed two 18-day LTHL camps during which they trained at 1100-1200 m and lived at 2250 m (P i O2 = 111.9 ± 0.6 vs. 111.6 ± 0.6 mmHg) under NH (hypoxic chamber; FiO2 18.05 ± 0.03%) or HH (real altitude; barometric pressure 580.2 ± 2.9 mmHg) conditions. The subjects completed the NH and HH camps with a 1-year washout period. Measurements and protocol were identical for both phases of the crossover study. Oxygen saturation (S p O2) was constantly recorded nightly. P i O2 and training loads were matched daily. Blood samples and VO2max were measured before (Pre-) and 1 day after (Post-1) LHTL. A 3-km running-test was performed near sea level before and 1, 7, and 21 days after training camps. RESULTS Total hypoxic exposure was lower for NH than for HH during LHTL (230 vs. 310 h; P < 0.001). Nocturnal S p O2 was higher in NH than in HH (92.4 ± 1.2 vs. 91.3 ± 1.0%, P < 0.001). VO2max increased to the same extent for NH and HH (4.9 ± 5.6 vs. 3.2 ± 5.1%). No difference was found in hematological parameters. The 3-km run time was significantly faster in both conditions 21 days after LHTL (4.5 ± 5.0 vs. 6.2 ± 6.4% for NH and HH), and no difference between conditions was found at any time. CONCLUSION Increases in VO2max and performance enhancement were similar between NH and HH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J Saugy
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Schmitt
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland; National School of Mountain Sports/National Ski-Nordic CentrePrémanon, France
| | - Anna Hauser
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland; Section for Elite Sport, Swiss Federal Institute of SportMagglingen, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Constantin
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Cejuela
- Departmental Section of Physical Education and Sports, University of Alicante Alicante, Spain
| | - Raphael Faiss
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland; Section for Elite Sport, Swiss Federal Institute of SportMagglingen, Switzerland
| | - Jon P Wehrlin
- Section for Elite Sport, Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Rosset
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Neil Robinson
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
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Agoston R, Izake EL, Sivanesan A, Lott WB, Sillence M, Steel R. Rapid isolation and detection of erythropoietin in blood plasma by magnetic core gold nanoparticles and portable Raman spectroscopy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 12:633-641. [PMID: 26656628 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Isolating, purifying, and identifying proteins in complex biological matrices are often difficult, time consuming, and unreliable. Herein we describe a rapid screening technique for proteins in biological matrices that combines selective protein isolation with direct surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection. Magnetic core gold nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized, and subsequently functionalized with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO)-specific antibody. The functionalized nanoparticles were used to capture rHuEPO from horse blood plasma within 15 min. The selective binding between the protein and the functionalized nanoparticles was monitored by SERS. The purified protein was then released from the nanoparticles' surface and directly spectroscopically identified on a commercial nanopillar SERS substrate. ELISA independently confirmed the SERS identification and quantified the released rHuEPO. Finally, the direct SERS detection of the extracted protein was successfully demonstrated for in-field screening by a handheld Raman spectrometer within 1 min sample measurement time. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR The rapid detection of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is important in competitive sports to screen for doping offences. In this article, the authors reported their technique of direct surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection using magnetic core gold nanoparticles functionalized with recombinant human erythropoietin-specific antibody. The findings should open a new way for future detection of other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Agoston
- Nanotechnology and Molecular Sciences Discipline, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Emad L Izake
- Nanotechnology and Molecular Sciences Discipline, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Arumugam Sivanesan
- Nanotechnology and Molecular Sciences Discipline, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - William B Lott
- Nanotechnology and Molecular Sciences Discipline, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martin Sillence
- Nanotechnology and Molecular Sciences Discipline, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rohan Steel
- Biological Research Unit, Racing Analytical Services Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Saugy JJ, Schmitt L, Cejuela R, Faiss R, Hauser A, Wehrlin JP, Rudaz B, Delessert A, Robinson N, Millet GP. Comparison of "Live High-Train Low" in normobaric versus hypobaric hypoxia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114418. [PMID: 25517507 PMCID: PMC4269399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the changes in both performance and selected physiological parameters following a Live High-Train Low (LHTL) altitude camp in either normobaric hypoxia (NH) or hypobaric hypoxia (HH) replicating current "real" practices of endurance athletes. Well-trained triathletes were split into two groups (NH, n = 14 and HH, n = 13) and completed an 18-d LHTL camp during which they trained at 1100-1200 m and resided at an altitude of 2250 m (PiO2 = 121.7±1.2 vs. 121.4±0.9 mmHg) under either NH (hypoxic chamber; FiO2 15.8±0.8%) or HH (real altitude; barometric pressure 580±23 mmHg) conditions. Oxygen saturations (SpO2) were recorded continuously daily overnight. PiO2 and training loads were matched daily. Before (Pre-) and 1 day after (Post-) LHTL, blood samples, VO2max, and total haemoglobin mass (Hb(mass)) were measured. A 3-km running test was performed near sea level twice before, and 1, 7, and 21 days following LHTL. During LHTL, hypoxic exposure was lower for the NH group than for the HH group (220 vs. 300 h; P<0.001). Night SpO2 was higher (92.1±0.3 vs. 90.9±0.3%, P<0.001), and breathing frequency was lower in the NH group compared with the HH group (13.9±2.1 vs. 15.5±1.5 breath.min(-1), P<0.05). Immediately following LHTL, similar increases in VO2max (6.1±6.8 vs. 5.2±4.8%) and Hb(mass) (2.6±1.9 vs. 3.4±2.1%) were observed in NH and HH groups, respectively, while 3-km performance was not improved. However, 21 days following the LHTL intervention, 3-km run time was significantly faster in the HH (3.3±3.6%; P<0.05) versus the NH (1.2±2.9%; ns) group. In conclusion, the greater degree of race performance enhancement by day 21 after an 18-d LHTL camp in the HH group was likely induced by a larger hypoxic dose. However, one cannot rule out other factors including differences in sleeping desaturations and breathing patterns, thus suggesting higher hypoxic stimuli in the HH group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J. Saugy
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Schmitt
- National School of Mountain Sports/National Ski-Nordic Centre, Prémanon, France
| | - Roberto Cejuela
- Departmental Section of Physical Education and Sports, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Raphael Faiss
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Hauser
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport, Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Jon P. Wehrlin
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport, Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Rudaz
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Audric Delessert
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Neil Robinson
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Lönnberg M, Andrén M, Birgegård G, Drevin M, Garle M, Carlsson J. Rapid detection of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in urine and serum. Anal Biochem 2012; 420:101-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Thevis M, Kuuranne T, Geyer H, Schänzer W. Annual banned-substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing. Drug Test Anal 2011; 3:1-14. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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