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Adakun SA, Banda FM, Bloom A, Bochnowicz M, Chakaya J, Chansa A, Chiguvare H, Chimzizi R, Colvin C, Dongo JP, Durena A, Duri C, Edmund R, Harries AD, Kathure I, Kavenga FN, Lin Y, Luzze H, Mbithi I, Mputu M, Mubanga A, Nair D, Ngwenya M, Okotu B, Owiti P, Owuor A, Thekkur P, Timire C, Turyahabwe S, Tweyongyere E, YaDiul M, Zachariah R, Zimba K. Disability, comorbidities and risk determinants at end of TB treatment in Kenya, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. IJTLD OPEN 2024; 1:197-205. [PMID: 39022778 PMCID: PMC11249599 DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the feasibility of assessing and referring adults successfully completing TB treatment for comorbidities, risk determinants and disability in health facilities in Kenya, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study within national TB programmes. RESULTS Health workers assessed 1,063 patients (78% of eligible) in a median of 22 min [IQR 16-35] and found it useful and feasible to accomplish in addition to other responsibilities. For comorbidities, 476 (44%) had HIV co-infection, 172 (16%) had high blood pressure (newly detected in 124), 43 (4%) had mental health disorders (newly detected in 33) and 36 (3%) had diabetes mellitus. The most common risk determinants were 'probable alcohol dependence' (15%) and malnutrition (14%). Disability, defined as walking <400 m in 6 min, was found in 151/882 (17%). Overall, 763 (72%) patients had at least one comorbidity, risk determinant and/or disability. At least two-thirds of eligible patients were referred for care, although 80% of those with disability needed referral outside their original health facility. CONCLUSIONS Seven in 10 patients completing TB treatment had at least one comorbidity, risk determinant and/or disability. This emphasises the need for offering early patient-centred care, including pulmonary rehabilitation, to improve quality of life, reduce TB recurrence and increase long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Adakun
- Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - F M Banda
- University Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - A Bloom
- Credence, Contractor for USAID Health Training, Advisory, and Support Contract (GHTASC), Washington DC, USA
| | - M Bochnowicz
- Credence, Contractor for USAID Health Training, Advisory, and Support Contract (GHTASC), Washington DC, USA
| | - J Chakaya
- Department of Medicine, Therapeutics, Dermatology and Psychiatry Kenyatta University, Nairobi
- Respiratory Society of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - A Chansa
- Ndola Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ndola, Zambia
| | - H Chiguvare
- United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - R Chimzizi
- Ministry of Health, USAID Long-term Exceptional Technical Assistance Project, Genesis, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - C Colvin
- United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - J P Dongo
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) Uganda Office, Kampala, Uganda
| | - A Durena
- United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - C Duri
- Directorate of Health Services, Harare City Council, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - R Edmund
- United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - A D Harries
- The Union, Paris, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - I Kathure
- Ministry of Health, Division of National TB, Leprosy and Lung Disease Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - F N Kavenga
- Ministry of Health and Child Care, AIDS and TB Department, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - H Luzze
- National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - I Mbithi
- Respiratory Society of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M Mputu
- National Tuberculosis Programme, Ministry of Health/USAID TBLON, Lusaka; Zambia
| | - A Mubanga
- National Tuberculosis Programme, Ministry of Health/USAID TBLON, Lusaka; Zambia
| | | | - M Ngwenya
- Ministry of Health and Child Care, AIDS and TB Department, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - B Okotu
- Ministry of Health, Division of National TB, Leprosy and Lung Disease Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - P Owiti
- USAID, Health, Population and Nutrition Office, Kenya and East Africa, Nairobi
| | - A Owuor
- Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - C Timire
- The Union, Paris, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Ministry of Health and Child Care, AIDS and TB Department, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - S Turyahabwe
- National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - E Tweyongyere
- National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - R Zachariah
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Dheda K, Mirzayev F, Cirillo DM, Udwadia Z, Dooley KE, Chang KC, Omar SV, Reuter A, Perumal T, Horsburgh CR, Murray M, Lange C. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024; 10:22. [PMID: 38523140 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-024-00504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the foremost cause of death by an infectious disease globally. Multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB; resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid, or rifampicin alone) is a burgeoning public health challenge in several parts of the world, and especially Eastern Europe, Russia, Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB) refers to MDR/RR-TB that is also resistant to a fluoroquinolone, and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) isolates are additionally resistant to other key drugs such as bedaquiline and/or linezolid. Collectively, these subgroups are referred to as drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). All forms of DR-TB can be as transmissible as rifampicin-susceptible TB; however, it is more difficult to diagnose, is associated with higher mortality and morbidity, and higher rates of post-TB lung damage. The various forms of DR-TB often consume >50% of national TB budgets despite comprising <5-10% of the total TB case-load. The past decade has seen a dramatic change in the DR-TB treatment landscape with the introduction of new diagnostics and therapeutic agents. However, there is limited guidance on understanding and managing various aspects of this complex entity, including the pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, management and prevention of MDR-TB and XDR-TB, especially at the primary care physician level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keertan Dheda
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Fuad Mirzayev
- Global Tuberculosis Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Maria Cirillo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Zarir Udwadia
- Department of Pulmonology, Hinduja Hospital & Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Kelly E Dooley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kwok-Chiu Chang
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Shaheed Vally Omar
- Centre for Tuberculosis, National & WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anja Reuter
- Sentinel Project on Paediatric Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tahlia Perumal
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - C Robert Horsburgh
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Public Health and Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Murray
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Lange
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), TTU-TB, Borstel, Germany
- Respiratory Medicine & International Health, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Paediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Allwood BW, Nightingale R, Agbota G, Auld S, Bisson GP, Byrne A, Dunn R, Evans D, Hoddinott G, Günther G, Islam Z, Johnston JC, Kalyatanda G, Khosa C, Marais S, Makanda G, Mashedi OM, Meghji J, Mitnick C, Mulder C, Nkereuwem E, Nkereuwem O, Ozoh OB, Rachow A, Romanowski K, Seddon JA, Schoeman I, Thienemann F, Walker NF, Wademan DT, Wallis R, van der Zalm MM. Perspectives from the 2 nd International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium: mobilising advocacy and research for improved outcomes. IJTLD OPEN 2024; 1:111-123. [PMID: 38966406 PMCID: PMC11221578 DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.23.0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
In 2020, it was estimated that there were 155 million survivors of TB alive, all at risk of possible post TB disability. The 2nd International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium (Stellenbosch, South Africa) was held to increase global awareness and empower TB-affected communities to play an active role in driving the agenda. We aimed to update knowledge on post-TB life and illness, identify research priorities, build research collaborations and highlight the need to embed lung health outcomes in clinical TB trials and programmatic TB care services. The symposium was a multidisciplinary meeting that included clinicians, researchers, TB survivors, funders and policy makers. Ten academic working groups set their own goals and covered the following thematic areas: 1) patient engagement and perspectives; 2) epidemiology and modelling; 3) pathogenesis of post-TB sequelae; 4) post-TB lung disease; 5) cardiovascular and pulmonary vascular complications; 6) neuromuscular & skeletal complications; 7) paediatric complications; 8) economic-social and psychological (ESP) consequences; 9) prevention, treatment and management; 10) advocacy, policy and stakeholder engagement. The working groups provided important updates for their respective fields, highlighted research priorities, and made progress towards the standardisation and alignment of post-TB outcomes and definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Allwood
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Nightingale
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - G Agbota
- University of Montpellier, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses (TransVIHMI), Institut de recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche Cliniques du Benin (IRCB), Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - S Auld
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Global Health, Emory University School of Medicine and Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - G P Bisson
- Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Byrne
- Thoracic Medicine Division of the Heart Lung Stream of St Vincent's Hospital Sydney Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Socios En Salud Sucursal, Lima, Peru
| | - R Dunn
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town
| | - D Evans
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
| | - G Hoddinott
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G Günther
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Z Islam
- Alliance for Public Health, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - J C Johnston
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - G Kalyatanda
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C Khosa
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique
| | - S Marais
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town & Neurology Research Group, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town
| | | | - O M Mashedi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J Meghji
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Mitnick
- Program in Infectious Disease and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Mulder
- Division TB Elimination and Health System Innovations, KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Nkereuwem
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC (Medical Research Council) Unit The Gambia at The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - O Nkereuwem
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC (Medical Research Council) Unit The Gambia at The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - O B Ozoh
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A Rachow
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Germany
- Unit Global Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K Romanowski
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J A Seddon
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - F Thienemann
- General Medicine & Global Health (GMGH), Department of Medicine & Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N F Walker
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool
| | - D T Wademan
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Wallis
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - M M van der Zalm
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Sehgal IS, Dhooria S, Muthu V, Salzer HJF, Agarwal R. Burden, clinical features, and outcomes of post-tuberculosis chronic obstructive lung diseases. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2024; 30:156-166. [PMID: 37902135 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) is an increasingly recognized and debilitating consequence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of PTLD with airflow obstruction (PTLD-AFO), focusing on its burden, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and management strategies. RECENT FINDINGS The relationship between PTLD and airflow obstruction is complex and multifactorial. Approximately 60% of the patients with PTLD have some spirometric abnormality. Obstruction is documented in 18-22% of PTLD patients. The host susceptibility and host response to mycobacterium drive the pathogenic mechanism of PTLD. A balance between inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and fibrotic pathways decides whether an individual with PTB would have PTLD after microbiological cure. An obstructive abnormality in PTLD-AFO is primarily due to destruction of bronchial walls, aberrant healing, and reduction of mucosal glands. The most common finding on computed tomography (CT) of thorax in patients with PTLD-AFO is bronchiectasis and cavitation. Therefore, the 'Cole's vicious vortex' described in bronchiectasis applies to PTLD. A multidisciplinary approach is required for diagnosis and treatment. The disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to PTLD represent about 50% of the total estimated burden of DALYs due to tuberculosis (TB). Patients with PTLD require comprehensive care that includes psychosocial support, pulmonary rehabilitation, and vaccination against respiratory pathogens. In the absence of trials evaluating different treatments for PTLD-AFO, therapy is primarily symptomatic. SUMMARY PTLD with airflow obstruction has considerable burden and causes a significant morbidity and mortality. However, many aspects of PTLD-AFO still need to be answered. Studies are required to evaluate different phenotypes, especially concerning Aspergillus -related complications. The treatment should be personalized based on the predominant phenotype of airflow obstruction. Extensive studies to understand the exact burden, pathogenesis, and treatment of PTBLD-AFO are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderpaul Singh Sehgal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Sahajal Dhooria
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Valliappan Muthu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Helmut J F Salzer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine 4 - Pneumology, Kepler University Hospital
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz
- Ignaz-Semmelweis-Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Infection Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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Enane LA, Duda SN, Chanyachukul T, Bolton-Moore C, Navuluri N, Messou E, Mbonze N, McDade LR, Figueiredo MC, Ross J, Evans D, Diero L, Akpata R, Zotova N, Freeman A, Pierre MF, Rupasinghe D, Ballif M, Byakwaga H, de Castro N, Tabala M, Sterling TR, Sohn AH, Fenner L, Wools-Kaloustian K, Poda A, Yotebieng M, Huebner R, Marcy O. The Tuberculosis Sentinel Research Network (TB-SRN) of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA): protocol for a prospective cohort study in Africa, Southeast Asia and Latin America. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079138. [PMID: 38195167 PMCID: PMC10806577 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious cause of death globally. It is the most common opportunistic infection in people living with HIV, and the most common cause of their morbidity and mortality. Following TB treatment, surviving individuals may be at risk for post-TB lung disease. The TB Sentinel Research Network (TB-SRN) provides a platform for coordinated observational TB research within the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This prospective, observational cohort study will assess treatment and post-treatment outcomes of pulmonary TB (microbiologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed) among 2600 people aged ≥15 years, with and without HIV coinfection, consecutively enrolled at 16 sites in 11 countries, across 6 of IeDEA's global regions. Data regarding clinical and sociodemographic factors, mental health, health-related quality of life, pulmonary function, and laboratory and radiographic findings will be collected using standardised questionnaires and data collection tools, beginning from the initiation of TB treatment and through 12 months after the end of treatment. Data will be aggregated for proposed analyses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained at all implementing study sites, including the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Human Research Protections Programme. Participants will provide informed consent; for minors, this includes both adolescent assent and the consent of their parent or primary caregiver. Protections for vulnerable groups are included, in alignment with local standards and considerations at sites. Procedures for requesting use and analysis of TB-SRN data are publicly available. Findings from TB-SRN analyses will be shared with national TB programmes to inform TB programming and policy, and disseminated at regional and global conferences and other venues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Enane
- The Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana University Center for Global Health Equity, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Stephany N Duda
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - Neelima Navuluri
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eugène Messou
- Centre de Prise en Charge de Recherche et de Formation (Aconda-CePReF), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Nana Mbonze
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - LaQuita R McDade
- Vanderbilt Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marina Cruvinel Figueiredo
- Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeremy Ross
- TREAT Asia/amfAR - The Foundation for AIDS Research, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Denise Evans
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lameck Diero
- Department of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Natalia Zotova
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Aimee Freeman
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marie Flore Pierre
- The Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | | | - Marie Ballif
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helen Byakwaga
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - Martine Tabala
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Timothy R Sterling
- Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Annette H Sohn
- TREAT Asia/amfAR - The Foundation for AIDS Research, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lukas Fenner
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kara Wools-Kaloustian
- Indiana University Center for Global Health Equity, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Armel Poda
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Marcel Yotebieng
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Robin Huebner
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Diel R, Schluger NW. Long-term outcome of co-infection of COVID-19 and tuberculosis: the "cursed duet". Eur Respir J 2023; 62:2301881. [PMID: 38035698 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01881-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Diel
- Institute for Epidemiology, University Medical Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Disease Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Neil W Schluger
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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