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Chakraborti U, Mitra B, Bhadra K. Exploring spatiotemporal dynamics of flower visitor association pattern on two Avicennia mangroves: a network approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1244. [PMID: 37737934 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant-flower visitor interaction is one of the most important relationships regarding the co-existence of the floral and faunal communities. The implication of network approaches is an efficient way to understand the impact of community structure on ecosystem functionality. To understand the association pattern of flower visitors, we performed this study on Avicennia officinalis and Avicennia marina mangroves from the islands of Indian Sundarban over three consecutive years. We found that visiting time and sites (islands) influenced the abundance of visitors. The bipartite networks showed a significant generalized structure for both site-visitor and visiting time-visitor networks where the strength and specialization of visitor species showed a highly and moderately significant positive correlation between both networks respectively. All the site-wise visiting time-visitor networks and year-wise site-visitor networks were significantly modular in structure. For both the plants, most of the visitors showed a generalized association pattern among islands and also among visiting times. Additionally, the study of the foraging behavior of dominant visitors showed Apis dorsata and Apis mellifera as the potential visitors for these plants. Our results showed that flower visitor networks are spatiotemporally dynamic. The interactions of visitors with flowers at different times influence their contribution to the network for becoming a generalist or peripheral species in the context of their visiting time, which may subsequently change over islands. This approach will help to devise more precise plant species-specific conservation strategies by understanding the contribution of visitors through the spatiotemporal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udipta Chakraborti
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | | | - Kakali Bhadra
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India.
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Chávez-González E, Vizentin-Bugoni J, Vázquez DP, MacGregor-Fors I, Dáttilo W, Ortiz-Pulido R. Drivers of the structure of plant-hummingbird interaction networks at multiple temporal scales. Oecologia 2020; 193:913-924. [PMID: 32772157 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In semi-arid environments, the marked contrast in temperature and precipitation over the year strongly shapes ecological communities. The composition of species and their ecological interactions within a community may vary greatly over time. Although intra-annual variations are often studied, empirical information on how plant-bird relationships are structured within and among years, and how their drivers may change over time are still limited. In this study, we analyzed the temporal dynamics of the structure of plant-hummingbird interaction networks by evaluating changes in species richness, diversity of interactions, modularity, network specialization, nestedness, and β-diversity of interactions throughout four years in a Mexican xeric shrubland landscape. We also evaluated if the relative importance of abundance, phenology, morphology, and nectar sugar content consistently explains the frequency of pairwise interactions between plants and hummingbirds across different years. We found that species richness, diversity of interactions, nestedness, and network specialization did vary within and among years. We also observed that the β-diversity of interactions was high among years and was mostly associated with species turnover (i.e., changes in species composition), with a minor contribution of interaction rewiring (i.e., shifting partner species at different times). Finally, the temporal co-occurrence of hummingbird and plant species among months was the best predictor of the frequency of pairwise interactions, and this pattern was consistent within and among years. Our study underscores the importance of considering the temporal scale to understand how changes in species phenologies, and the resulting temporal co-occurrences influence the structure of interaction networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Chávez-González
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas E Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Jeferson Vizentin-Bugoni
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - Diego P Vázquez
- Argentine Institute for Dryland Research, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ian MacGregor-Fors
- Red de Ambiente Y Sustentabilidad, Instituto de Ecología A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Ortiz-Pulido
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas E Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
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3
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Kishi S, Kakutani T. Male Visitors May Decrease Modularity in Flower–Visitor Networks. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Vitt P, Havens K, Jolls CL, Knight TM. Temporal variation in the roles of exotic and native plant species in plant–pollinator networks. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pati Vitt
- Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe Illinois60022USA
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig04103Germany
| | | | - Claudia L. Jolls
- Department of Biology East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina27858USA
| | - Tiffany M. Knight
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig04103Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale)06108Germany
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Halle (Saale)06120Germany
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Villalobos S, Sevenello-Montagner JM, Vamosi JC. Specialization in plant-pollinator networks: insights from local-scale interactions in Glenbow Ranch Provincial Park in Alberta, Canada. BMC Ecol 2019; 19:34. [PMID: 31492127 PMCID: PMC6731600 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence and frequency of plant–pollinator interactions are acknowledged to be a function of multiple factors, including the spatio-temporal distribution of species. The study of pollination specialization by examining network properties and more recently incorporating predictors of pairwise interactions is emerging as a useful framework, yet integrated datasets combining network structure, habitat disturbance, and phylogenetic information are still scarce. Results We found that plant–pollinator interactions in a grassland ecosystem in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains are not randomly distributed and that high levels of reciprocal specialization are generated by biological constraints, such as floral symmetry, pollinator size and pollinator sociality, because these traits lead to morphological or phenological mismatching between interacting species. We also detected that landscape degradation was associated with differences in the network topology, but the interaction webs still maintained a consistently higher number of reciprocal specialization cases than expected. Evidence for the reciprocal evolutionary dependence in visitors (e.g., related pollinators visiting related plants) were weak in this study system, however we identified key species joining clustered units. Conclusions Our results indicate that the conserved links with keystone species may provide the foundation for generating local reciprocal specialization. From the general topology of the networks, plant–pollinators interactions in sites with disturbance consisted of generalized nodes connecting modules (i.e., hub and numerous connectors). Vice versa, interactions in less disturbed sites consisted of more specialized and symmetrical connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Villalobos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | | | - Jana C Vamosi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Dáttilo W, Vizentin-Bugoni J, Debastiani VJ, Jordano P, Izzo TJ. The influence of spatial sampling scales on ant-plant interaction network architecture. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:903-914. [PMID: 30883711 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite great interest in metrics to quantify the structure of ecological networks, the effects of sampling and scale remain poorly understood. In fact, one of the most challenging issues in ecology is how to define suitable scales (i.e., temporal or spatial) to accurately describe and understand ecological systems. Here, we sampled a series of ant-plant interaction networks in the southern Brazilian Amazon rainforest in order to determine whether the spatial sampling scale, from local to regional, affects our understanding of the structure of these networks. To this end, we recorded ant-plant interactions in adjacent 25 × 30 m subplots (local sampling scale) nested within twelve 250 × 30 m plots (regional sampling scale). Moreover, we combined adjacent or random subplots and plots in order to increase the spatial sampling scales at the local and regional levels. We then calculated commonly used binary and quantitative network-level metrics for both sampling scales (i.e., number of species and interactions, nestedness, specialization and modularity), all of which encompass a wide array of structural patterns in interaction networks. We observed increasing species and interactions across sampling scales, and while most network descriptors remained relatively constant at the local level, there was more variation at the regional scale. Among all metrics, specialization was most constant across different spatial sampling scales. Furthermore, we observed that adjacent assembly did not generate more variation in network descriptor values compared to random assembly. This finding indicates that the spatially aggregated distribution of species/individuals and abiotic conditions does not affect the organization of these interacting assemblages. Our results have a direct impact on our empirical and theoretical understanding of the ecological dynamics of species interactions by demonstrating that small spatial sampling scales should suffice to record some patterns commonly found in ant-plant interaction networks in a highly diverse tropical rainforest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Mexico
| | | | - Vanderlei J Debastiani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro Jordano
- Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Thiago J Izzo
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
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Landi P, Minoarivelo HO, Brännström Å, Hui C, Dieckmann U. Complexity and stability of ecological networks: a review of the theory. POPUL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-018-0628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Landi
- Department of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
- Evolution and Ecology ProgramInternational Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisLaxenburgAustria
| | - Henintsoa O. Minoarivelo
- Department of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
- Centre of Excellence in Mathematical and Statistical SciencesWits UniversityJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Åke Brännström
- Evolution and Ecology ProgramInternational Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisLaxenburgAustria
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical StatisticsUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Cang Hui
- Department of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
- Mathematical and Physical BiosciencesAfrican Institute for Mathematical SciencesMuizenbergSouth Africa
| | - Ulf Dieckmann
- Evolution and Ecology ProgramInternational Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisLaxenburgAustria
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Fire and grazing modulate the structure and resistance of plant-floral visitor networks in a tallgrass prairie. Oecologia 2017; 186:517-528. [PMID: 29197973 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-4019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Significant loss of pollinator taxa and their interactions with flowering plants has resulted in growing reductions to pollination services globally. Ecological network analysis is a useful tool for evaluating factors that alter the interaction structure and resistance of systems to species loss, but is rarely applied across multiple empirical networks sampled within the same study. The non-random arrangement of species interactions within a community, or "network structure" such as nested or modular organization, is predicted to prevent extinction cascades in ecological networks. How ecological gradients such as disturbance regimes shape network structural properties remains poorly understood despite significant efforts to quantify interaction structure in natural systems. Here, we examine changes in the structure of plant-floral visitor networks in a tallgrass prairie using a decadal and landscape-scale experiment that manipulates prescribed burn frequency and ungulate grazing, resulting in different grassland states. Plant and floral visitor communities and accompanying network structure were impacted by grassland fire and grazing regimes. The presence of grazers increased flowering plant species richness, network floral visitor species richness, and decreased network nestedness. Fire frequency affected flowering plant and floral visitor community composition; community composition impacted network specialization and modularity. Grassland state resulting from fire-grazing interactions has important implications for the resistance of flowering plant and floral visitor communities to species loss.
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The multilayer nature of ecological networks. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:101. [PMID: 28812678 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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10
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Complex network analysis reveals novel essential properties of competition among individuals in an even-aged plant population. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Larson DL, Rabie PA, Droege S, Larson JL, Haar M. Exotic Plant Infestation Is Associated with Decreased Modularity and Increased Numbers of Connectors in Mixed-Grass Prairie Pollination Networks. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155068. [PMID: 27182727 PMCID: PMC4868282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of pollinating insects are generalists whose lifetimes overlap flowering periods of many potentially suitable plant species. Such generality is instrumental in allowing exotic plant species to invade pollination networks. The particulars of how existing networks change in response to an invasive plant over the course of its phenology are not well characterized, but may shed light on the probability of long-term effects on plant-pollinator interactions and the stability of network structure. Here we describe changes in network topology and modular structure of infested and non-infested networks during the flowering season of the generalist non-native flowering plant, Cirsium arvense in mixed-grass prairie at Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. Objectives were to compare network-level effects of infestation as they propagate over the season in infested and non-infested (with respect to C. arvense) networks. We characterized plant-pollinator networks on 5 non-infested and 7 infested 1-ha plots during 4 sample periods that collectively covered the length of C. arvense flowering period. Two other abundantly-flowering invasive plants were present during this time: Melilotus officinalis had highly variable floral abundance in both C. arvense-infested and non-infested plots and Convolvulus arvensis, which occurred almost exclusively in infested plots and peaked early in the season. Modularity, including roles of individual species, and network topology were assessed for each sample period as well as in pooled infested and non-infested networks. Differences in modularity and network metrics between infested and non-infested networks were limited to the third and fourth sample periods, during flower senescence of C. arvense and the other invasive species; generality of pollinators rose concurrently, suggesting rewiring of the network and a lag effect of earlier floral abundance. Modularity was lower and number of connectors higher in infested networks, whether they were assessed in individual sample periods or pooled into infested and non-infested networks over the entire blooming period of C. arvense. Connectors typically did not reside within the same modules as C. arvense, suggesting that effects of the other invasive plants may also influence the modularity results, and that effects of infestation extend to co-flowering native plants. We conclude that the presence of abundantly flowering invasive species is associated with greater network stability due to decreased modularity, but whether this is advantageous for the associated native plant-pollinator communities depends on the nature of perturbations they experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L. Larson
- Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, U. S. Geological Survey, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul A. Rabie
- Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc., Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Sam Droege
- Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Milton Haar
- Badlands National Park, Interior, South Dakota, United States of America
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Falcão JC, Dáttilo W, Rico-Gray V. Sampling effort differences can lead to biased conclusions on the architecture of ant–plant interaction networks. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tur C, Olesen JM, Traveset A. Increasing modularity when downscaling networks from species to individuals. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tur
- IMEDEA, Inst. Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC - UIB).; Miquel Marqués, 21 ES-07190 Esporles Illes Balears Spain
| | - Jens M. Olesen
- Dept of Bioscience; Aarhus Univ.; Ny Munkegade 114 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Anna Traveset
- IMEDEA, Inst. Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC - UIB).; Miquel Marqués, 21 ES-07190 Esporles Illes Balears Spain
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Larson DL, Droege S, Rabie PA, Larson JL, Devalez J, Haar M, McDermott-Kubeczko M. Using a network modularity analysis to inform management of a rare endemic plant in the northern Great Plains, USA. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane L. Larson
- U.S. Geological Survey; 1561 Lindig St. St. Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Sam Droege
- U.S. Geological Survey; BARC - EAST; Building 308, Room 124 Beltsville MD 20705 USA
| | - Paul A. Rabie
- WEST, Inc.; 415W. 17th St. Suite 200 Cheyenne WY 82001 USA
| | | | - Jelle Devalez
- Department of Geography; Laboratory of Biogeography & Ecology; University of the Aegean; University Hill; Geography Building GR-81100 Mytilene Greece
| | - Milton Haar
- Badlands National Park; P.O. Box 6 Interior SD 57750 USA
| | - Margaret McDermott-Kubeczko
- Department of Plant Pathology; University of Minnesota; 495 Borlaug Hall 1991 Upper Buford Circle St. Paul MN 55108 USA
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Dupont YL, Trøjelsgaard K, Hagen M, Henriksen MV, Olesen JM, Pedersen NME, Kissling WD. Spatial structure of an individual-based plant-pollinator network. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko L. Dupont
- Plant and Insect Ecology, Dept of Bioscience; Aarhus Univ.; Vejlsøvej 25 DK-8600 Silkeborg Denmark
| | - Kristian Trøjelsgaard
- Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Dept of Bioscience; Aarhus Univ.; Ny Munkegade 114 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Melanie Hagen
- Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Dept of Bioscience; Aarhus Univ.; Ny Munkegade 114 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Marie V. Henriksen
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash Univ.; Bld 18 Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Jens M. Olesen
- Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Dept of Bioscience; Aarhus Univ.; Ny Munkegade 114 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Nanna M. E. Pedersen
- Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Dept of Bioscience; Aarhus Univ.; Ny Munkegade 114 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - W. Daniel Kissling
- Inst. for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), Univ. of Amsterdam; PO Box 94248 NL-1090 GE Amsterdam the Netherlands
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Strong impact of temporal resolution on the structure of an ecological network. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81694. [PMID: 24324718 PMCID: PMC3852737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most ecological networks are analysed as static structures, where all observed species and links are present simultaneously. However, this is over-simplified, because networks are temporally dynamical. We resolved an arctic, entire-season plant-flower visitor network into a temporal series of 1-day networks and compared the properties with its static equivalent based on data pooled over the entire season. Several properties differed. The nested link pattern in the static network was blurred in the dynamical version, because the characteristic long nestedness tail of flower–visitor specialists got stunted in the dynamical networks. This tail comprised a small food web of pollinators, parasitoids and hyper-parasitoids. The dynamical network had strong time delays in the transmission of direct and indirect effects among species. Twenty percent of all indirect links were impossible in the dynamical network. Consequently, properties and thus also robustness of ecological networks cannot be deduced from the static topology alone.
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