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Kamiński J, Stachelska-Wierzchowska A, Michalczyk DJ, Klimkowicz-Pawlas A, Olkowska E, Wolska L, Piotrowicz-Cieślak AI. Changes in Metabolism and Content of Chlorophyll in Common Duckweed ( Lemna minor L.) Caused by Environmental Contamination with Fluorides. Molecules 2024; 29:2336. [PMID: 38792197 PMCID: PMC11123691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of fluorine on plants remains poorly understood. We examined duckweed growth in extracts of soil contaminated with fluorine leached from chicken manure. Additionally, fluorine levels were analyzed in fresh manure, outdoor-stored manure, and soil samples at varying distances from the manure pile. Fresh manure contained 37-48 mg F- × kg-1, while soil extracts contained 2.1 to 4.9 mg F- × kg-1. We evaluated the physiological effects of fluorine on duckweed cultured on soil extracts or in 50% Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with fluorine concentrations matching those in soil samples (2.1 to 4.9 mg F- × L-1), as well as at 0, 4, and 210 mg × L-1. Duckweed exposed to fluorine displayed similar toxicity symptoms whether in soil extracts or supplemented medium. Fluoride at concentrations of 2.1 to 4.9 mg F- × L-1 reduced the intact chlorophyll content, binding the porphyrin ring at position 32 without affecting Mg2+. This reaction resulted in chlorophyll a absorption peak shifted towards shorter wavelengths and formation of a new band of the F--chlorophyll a complex at λ = 421 nm. Moreover, plants exposed to low concentrations of fluorine exhibited increased activities of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and chlorophyllase, whereas the activities of both enzymes sharply declined when the fluoride concentration exceeded 4.9 mg × L-1. Consequently, fluorine damages chlorophyll a, disrupts the activity of chlorophyll-metabolizing enzymes, and diminishes the plant growth rate, even when the effects of these disruptions are too subtle to be discerned by the naked human eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kamiński
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Str. 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland (D.J.M.)
| | | | - Dariusz J. Michalczyk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Str. 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland (D.J.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich Str. 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Ewa Olkowska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland; (E.O.); (L.W.)
| | - Lidia Wolska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland; (E.O.); (L.W.)
| | - Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Str. 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland (D.J.M.)
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DeMille KF, Emsbo-Mattingly SD, Krieger G, Howard M, Webster KB, DaCosta M. Novel gas exposure system for the controlled exposure of plants to gaseous hydrogen fluoride. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:752. [PMID: 37247106 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plants can serve as sensitive bioindicators of the presence of contaminant vapors in the atmosphere. This work describes a novel laboratory-based gas exposure system capable of calibrating plants as bioindicators for the detection and delineation of the atmospheric contaminant hydrogen fluoride (HF) as a preparatory step for monitoring release emissions. To evaluate changes in plant phenotype and stress-induced physiological effects attributed to HF alone, the gas exposure chamber must have additional controls to simulate otherwise optimal plant growth conditions including variables such as light intensity, photoperiod, temperature, and irrigation. The exposure system was designed to maintain constant growth conditions during a series of independent experiments that varied between optimal (control) and stressful (HF exposure) conditions. The system was also designed to ensure the safe handling and application of HF. An initial system calibration introduced HF gas into the exposure chamber and monitored HF concentrations by cavity ring-down spectroscopy for a 48-h period. Stable concentrations inside the exposure chamber were observed after approximately 15 h, and losses of HF to the system ranged from 88 to 91%. A model plant species (Festuca arundinacea) was then exposed to HF for 48 h. Visual phenotype stress-induced responses aligned with symptoms reported in the literature for fluoride exposure (tip dieback and discoloration along the dieback transition margin). Fluoride concentrations in exposed tissues compared to control tissues confirmed enhanced fluoride uptake due to HF exposure. The system described herein can be applied to other reactive atmospheric pollutants of interest in support of bioindicator research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine F DeMille
- NewFields Environmental Forensics Practice, LLC, 300 Ledgewood Place, Suite 205, Rockland, MA, 02370, USA.
| | - Stephen D Emsbo-Mattingly
- NewFields Environmental Forensics Practice, LLC, 300 Ledgewood Place, Suite 205, Rockland, MA, 02370, USA
| | | | - Michael Howard
- Mission Support and Test Services, LLC, Las Vegas, NV, 89193, USA
| | - Katie B Webster
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, 310 Paige Laboratory, 161 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Michelle DaCosta
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, 310 Paige Laboratory, 161 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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Ahmad MN, Zia A, van den Berg L, Ahmad Y, Mahmood R, Dawar KM, Alam SS, Riaz M, Ashmore M. Effects of soil fluoride pollution on wheat growth and biomass production, leaf injury index, powdery mildew infestation and trace metal uptake. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118820. [PMID: 35007676 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F) is an emerging pollutant that originates from multiple sources and adversely affects plant growth and nutrient bioavailability in soil. This greenhouse study investigated the effects of soil F (0, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 mg kg-1) on morpho-physiological growth characteristics of wheat, soil F contents, and bioavailability and uptake of F, phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) by wheat. Higher F significantly reduced plant height and number of leaves particularly at early growth stages and increased visible leaf injury index. Powdery mildew infestation coincided with leafy injury and was higher in elevated soil F treatments. Fluoride treatments (>50 mg kg-1) significantly increased water (H2O)- and calcium chloride (CaCl2)-extractable F contents in soil. Water-extractable soil F contents from soil in all concentration were higher than CaCl2-extractable F. This increased F bioavailability resulted in significantly higher F uptake and accumulation in live leaves, dead leaves and grains of wheat which followed order: live leaves > dead leaves > grains. Leaf injury index and number of dead leaves correlated significantly positively with soil H2O- and CaCl2-extractable F contents. Patterns of nutrient (P, K, S) and trace metals (Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Si, Zn) varied significantly with F concentrations and between live and dead leaves, and grains except for Zn. Dead leaves generally had higher nutrients and trace metals than live leaves and grains. Fluoride contents in live leaves, dead leaves and grains showed positive correlations with nutrient elements but negative with trace metals. Number of dead leaves correlated negatively with Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, S and Si but positively with P and Zn contents in dead leaves whereas leaf injury index showed positive correlation with Fe, K, P, Si, Zn, S but negative with Al, Ca and Mg contents. These observations provided evidence of higher F uptake and associated impairment in nutrient and trace metal accumulation which caused leaf injury accompanied by powdery mildew infestation in wheat. However, further research in the region is required to confirm the relationship between F pollution, leaf injury and trace metal accumulation in crops under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nauman Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan; Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Afia Zia
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan; Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yaseen Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Mahmood
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khadim Muhammad Dawar
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sartaj Alam
- Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Mike Ashmore
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Gomes TF, Lima AM, Marques APP, da Silva LC. Effects of fluoride emission on the morphoanatomy of three plant species endemics to Brazil using passive biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-13017-2. [PMID: 33638070 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is the most phytotoxic atmospheric pollutant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of fluoride emissions by an aluminum smelter on three plant species endemics to Brazil, located at Parque Estadual do Itacolomi (PEI). The monitored species were Byrsonima variabilis (Malpighiaceae), Myrceugenia alpigena (Myrtaceae), and Eremanthus erythropappus (Asteraceae), which were monitored during 9 months using passive biomonitoring at five different locations with different distances from the smelter. The monitored species did not show macroscopic phytotoxicity damage to fluoride; however, they did show microscopic damage. The species closer to the smelter presented more severe anatomic damages, such as rupture of cell walls, protoplast retraction, and trichome alterations. Damaged stomatal ledges, flaking epicuticular wax, and damages to trichomes were observed. M. alpigena showed a higher accumulation of fluoride than the other species at all monitored sites. The test for cell death with Evans Blue was positive for the three studied species. Through biomonitoring in the PEI, we concluded that the emissions from the aluminum smelter affect the native vegetation and that due to the greater accumulation of fluoride and the diversity of microscopic damage in M. alpigena, the use of this species in the monitoring of environments polluted by fluoride is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamires Fernanda Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Vicosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Ademir Martins Lima
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Vicosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pires Marques
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Vicosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luzimar Campos da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Vicosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Illi JC, Vancetta T, Alves DD, Osório DMM, Bianchin L, de Quevedo DM, Juchem F. Integrated assessment of air pollution by metals and source apportionment using ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in southern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:2790-2803. [PMID: 27837473 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest environmental problems existing today is air pollution, which is characterized by the presence of toxic gases and metal pollutants, the latter of which is generally associated with emissions of particulate matter (PM) from industries or automotive vehicles. Biomonitoring is a method that can be used to assess air pollution levels because it makes it possible to determine what effects these air pollutants cause in living organisms and their responses. The species Lolium multiflorum Lam., known as ryegrass, is considered a good bioindicator of metals, since it accumulates these substances during exposure. This study proposes to conduct an integrated assessment of air quality using two different monitoring methodologies: biomonitoring with L. multiflorum and active monitoring in areas with different levels of urbanization and industrialization. Concentrations found in ryegrass plants revealed high levels of Pb, Cr, Zn, and Cu, indicating that vehicular and industrial emissions were the main sources of pollution. Analysis of PM also revealed soot and biogenic particles, which can transport metals. Therefore, with the proposed method, the anthropogenic impact on air pollution in the investigated area could be clearly demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Carolina Illi
- Institute of Exact and Technological Sciences, University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tafael Vancetta
- Institute of Health Sciences, University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Darlan Daniel Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Quality, University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, 93510-250, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Montanari Migliavacca Osório
- Institute of Exact and Technological Sciences, University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Quality, University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, 93510-250, Brazil
| | - Liane Bianchin
- Institute of Exact and Technological Sciences, University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniela Müller de Quevedo
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Quality, University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, 93510-250, Brazil
| | - Fernando Juchem
- University of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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6
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McDonough AM, Dixon MJ, Terry DT, Todd AK, Luciani MA, Williamson ML, Roszak DS, Farias KA. Probability of foliar injury for Acer sp. based on foliar fluoride concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:685. [PMID: 27878545 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is considered one of the most phytotoxic elements to plants, and indicative fluoride injury has been associated over a wide range of foliar fluoride concentrations. The aim of this study was to determine the probability of indicative foliar fluoride injury based on Acer sp. foliar fluoride concentrations using a logistic regression model. Foliage from Acer nedundo, Acer saccharinum, Acer saccharum and Acer platanoides was collected along a distance gradient from three separate brick manufacturing facilities in southern Ontario as part of a long-term monitoring programme between 1995 and 2014. Hydrogen fluoride is the major emission source associated with the manufacturing facilities resulting with highly elevated foliar fluoride close to the facilities and decreasing with distance. Consistent with other studies, indicative fluoride injury was observed over a wide range of foliar concentrations (9.9-480.0 μg F- g-1). The logistic regression model was statistically significant for the Acer sp. group, A. negundo and A. saccharinum; consequently, A. negundo being the most sensitive species among the group. In addition, A. saccharum and A. platanoides were not statistically significant within the model. We are unaware of published foliar fluoride values for Acer sp. within Canada, and this research provides policy maker and scientist with probabilities of indicative foliar injury for common urban Acer sp. trees that can help guide decisions about emissions controls. Further research should focus on mechanisms driving indicative fluoride injury over wide ranging foliar fluoride concentrations and help determine foliar fluoride thresholds for damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M McDonough
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Terrestrial Assessment and Field Services Unit, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada.
| | - Murray J Dixon
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Terrestrial Assessment and Field Services Unit, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Debbie T Terry
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Terrestrial Assessment and Field Services Unit, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Aaron K Todd
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Terrestrial Assessment and Field Services Unit, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Michael A Luciani
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Terrestrial Assessment and Field Services Unit, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Michele L Williamson
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Terrestrial Assessment and Field Services Unit, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Danuta S Roszak
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Terrestrial Assessment and Field Services Unit, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Kim A Farias
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Terrestrial Assessment and Field Services Unit, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada
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Grosman AH, Molina-Rugama AJ, Mendes-Dias R, Sabelis MW, Menken SBJ, Pallini A, Breeuwer JAJ, Janssen A. No adaptation of a herbivore to a novel host but loss of adaptation to its native host. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16211. [PMID: 26577696 PMCID: PMC4649677 DOI: 10.1038/srep16211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most herbivorous arthropods are host specialists and the question is which mechanisms drive the evolution of such specialization. The theory of antagonistic pleiotropy suggests that there is a trade-off between adaptation of herbivores to a novel host and their native host. The mutation accumulation hypothesis proposes that herbivores on a novel host lose their adaptation to the native host through the accumulation of mutations with negligible effects on performance on the novel host. Experimental evidence for either of the two hypotheses is scarce. We compared the fitness of two sympatric moth strains from an introduced host and a native host. The strain from the novel host did not perform better on this host than the strain from the native host. The strain from the novel host performed less well on the native host than did the strain from the native host. Hence, selection on the novel host did not result in noticeable gain in performance, but adaptation to the native host was lost. These results are more readily explained by the mutation-accumulation hypothesis than by the trade-off hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Grosman
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maurice W Sabelis
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steph B J Menken
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Pallini
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Johannes A J Breeuwer
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Janssen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zouari M, Ben Ahmed C, Fourati R, Delmail D, Ben Rouina B, Labrousse P, Ben Abdallah F. Soil fluoride spiking effects on olive trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 108:78-83. [PMID: 25042248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A pot experiment under open air conditions was carried out to investigate the uptake, accumulation and toxicity effects of fluoride in olive trees (Olea europaea L.) grown in a soil spiked with inorganic sodium fluoride (NaF). Six different levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100mM NaF) of soil spiking were applied through NaF to irrigation water. At the end of the experiment, total fluoride content in soil was 20 and 1770mgFkg(-1) soil in control and 100mM NaF treatments, respectively. The comparative distribution of fluoride partitioning among the different olive tree parts showed that the roots accumulated the most fluoride and olive fruits were minimally affected by soil NaF spiking as they had the lowest fluoride content. In fact, total fluoride concentration varied between 12 and 1070µgFg(-1) in roots, between 9 and 570µgFg(-1) in shoots, between 12 and 290µgFg(-1) in leaves, and between 10 and 29µgFg(-1) in fruits, respectively for control and 100mM NaF treatments. Indeed, the fluoride accumulation pattern showed the following distribution: roots>shoots>leaves>fruits. On the other hand, fluoride toxicity symptoms such as leaf necrosis and leaf drop appeared only in highly spiked soils (60, 80 and 100mM NaF).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zouari
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamic of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; Laboratory of Improvement of Olive Productivity and Fruit Trees, Olive Tree Institute of Sfax, B.P. 1087, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; University of Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Botany and Cryptogamy, GRESE EA 4330, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, F-87025 Limoges, France.
| | - C Ben Ahmed
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamic of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; Laboratory of Improvement of Olive Productivity and Fruit Trees, Olive Tree Institute of Sfax, B.P. 1087, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - R Fourati
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamic of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - D Delmail
- Institute of Chemical Sciences of Rennes, CNRS UMR 6226, University of Rennes, 2, Avenue of Professor Léon Bernard F-35043 RENNES Cedex, France
| | - B Ben Rouina
- Laboratory of Improvement of Olive Productivity and Fruit Trees, Olive Tree Institute of Sfax, B.P. 1087, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - P Labrousse
- University of Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Botany and Cryptogamy, GRESE EA 4330, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, F-87025 Limoges, France.
| | - F Ben Abdallah
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamic of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy surface analysis of fluoride stress in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) leaves. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Variation of photosynthesis, fatty acid composition, ATPase and acid phosphatase activities, and anatomical structure of two tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) cultivars in response to fluoride. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:109367. [PMID: 24023526 PMCID: PMC3760106 DOI: 10.1155/2013/109367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes of photosynthetic parameters, water use efficiency (WUE), fatty acid composition, chlorophyll (Chl) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, ATPase and acid phosphatase activities, fluoride (F) content, and leaf anatomical structure of two tea cultivars, “Pingyangtezao” (PY) and “Fudingdabai” (FD), after F treatments were investigated. The results show that net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) significantly decreased in both cultivars after 0.3 mM F treatment, but FD had higher Pn, gs, and WUE and lower E than PY. Chl content in PY significantly decreased after 0.2 and 0.3 mM F treatments, while no significant changes were observed in FD. The proportions of shorter chain and saturated fatty acids increased and those of longer chain and unsaturated fatty acids decreased in both cultivars under F treatments. The contents of MDA increased after F treatments but were higher in PY than in FD. In addition, F treatments decreased the activities of ATPase and acid phosphatase and increased F content in both cultivars; however, compared with PY, FD showed higher enzymatic activities and lower F content in roots and leaves. Leaf anatomical structure in FD indicated that cells in leaf midrib region were less injured by F than in PY.
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Mesquita GL, Machado EC, Machado R, Cantarella H, Mattos Jr. D. Fluoride Exposure Compromises Gas Exchange of Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2013.412a3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sant'Anna-Santos BF, Azevedo AA, Silva LC, Oliva MA. Diagnostic and prognostic characteristics of phytotoxicity caused by fluoride on Spondias dulcis Forst. F. (Anacardiaceae). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2012; 84:689-702. [PMID: 22832541 DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652012005000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the symptoms and microscopic damage caused by fluoride on Spondias dulcis, a fluoride-sensitive species. The plants were exposed to simulated fog with fluoride (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L(-1)) for 20 min daily during four consecutive days. Samples from leaflets without any apparent fluoride injury were collected to microscopic analysis. The percentage of necrosed leaf area was measured, and the level of pollutant in the dry matter from the basal and apical portions of the plant was determined. The necroses began 24 h after the first simulation mainly from the base of the leaflets. A higher level of necrosis was observed at the apical portion of the plants, a region of higher fluoride accumulation. The damage on the surface of the leaflets was characterized as plasmolysis, erosion of the epicuticular waxes and epidermal rupture. Structurally, the noticeable accumulation of granules and droplets green stained by toluidine blue in the spongy parenchima and the boundaries of ending veinlets was observed. The limb thickness reduction occurred due to plasmolysis in the mesophyll, showing an apparent correlation with the damage observed on the surface. The parameters observed in the laboratory are promising for field biomonitoring studies.
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Trindade Perry C, Divan AM, Raya Rodriguez MT, Lúcia Atz V. Psidium guajava as a bioaccumulator of nickel around an oil refinery, southern Brazil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:647-654. [PMID: 20036423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the potential of Psidium guajava as a biological accumulator of air pollutants, saplings were exposed at nine sites receiving atmospheric emissions from an oil refinery (five within, four outside the industrial area) and another reference site located at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 27 km from the refinery. Exposures lasted about 3 months each, coincided with the seasons, and totaled five exposures between 2005 and 2006. The following parameters were evaluated: dry weight of leaves, stems, and roots, leaf area, rate of relative height increase, Ni and S contents, maximum assimilation rate, and carboxylation efficiency invivo. P. guajava was found to be an efficient accumulator of Ni, since highly significant differences were observed (P<0.001) between sites within the industrial area and the reference site for all periods of exposure and a significant negative correlation between distance from emission source and Ni content. The S content showed significant differences (P<0.05) only at sites within the industrial area for two exposures. The dry weight, leaf area, rate of relative height increase, maximum assimilation rate, and carboxylation efficiency did not present significant differences for any period of exposure. In view of the above, we conclude that P. guajava is a good bioaccumulator for Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Trindade Perry
- Post-graduation in Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91.509-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Sandrin CZ, Figueiredo-Ribeiro RDCL, Carvalho MAMD, Delitti WBC, Domingos M. Sub-tropical urban environment affecting content and composition of non-structural carbohydrates of Lolium multiflorum ssp. italicum cv. Lema. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 156:915-921. [PMID: 18558454 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the relationship between environmental factors, especially air pollution and climatic conditions, and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in plants of Lolium multiflorum exposed during 10 consecutive periods of 28 days at a polluted site (Congonhas) and at a reference site in São Paulo city (Brazil). After exposure, NSC composition and leaf concentrations of Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd were measured. The seasonal pattern of NSC accumulation was quite similar in both sites, but plants at Congonhas showed higher concentrations of these compounds, especially fructans of low and medium degree of polymerization. Regression analysis showed that NSC in plants growing at the polluted site were explained by variations on temperature and leaf concentration of Fe (positive effect), as well as relative humidity and particulate material (negative effect). NSC in the standardized grass culture, in addition to heavy metal accumulation, may indicate stressing conditions in a sub-tropical polluted environment.
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