1
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Ghali ENHK, Sandopu SK, Maurya DK, Meriga B. Insights into the radioprotective efficacy of Pterocarpus santalinus L. aqueous extract. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:105986. [PMID: 38703914 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we have attempted a comprehensive assessment of the possible radioprotective efficacy of Pterocarpus santalinus aqueous extract (PSAE). All the studied models were gamma-irradiated with prior treatment with PSAE. First, the content of total phenols (4.061 μg/mg gallic acid equivalents), flavonoids (6.616 μg/mg quercetin equivalents), and tannins (0.008 mg/L of PSAE) were determined spectrophotometrically. Second, UHPLC-HRMS analysis was performed to identify the possible radioprotectors. Of those, santalins A & B are known for their usage as natural color in foods and alcoholic beverages identified in PSAE. Treatment was well tolerated with no side effects from PSAE. Later, it was shown that radiation-induced lethality significantly amended in PSAE-treated spleen lymphocytes as evidenced by reduced elevated levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation, restored total thiols and GSH: GSSG, inhibited DNA DSBs and cell death. Furthermore, an immunomodulation study was carried out because radiation exposure induces an inflammatory response. Our study shows that PSAE suppressed concanavalin A-induced T-cell proliferation as evidenced by CFSE dye dilution and CD69 antibody staining methods. Taken together, the current study explored the protective efficacy of PSAE from gamma radiation-inflicted injuries and hence we recommend PSAE as a potent radioprotective formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Hanuma Kumar Ghali
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India; Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Medicine and Oncology ISU, South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen 78504, TX, USA
| | | | - Dharmendra Kumar Maurya
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Balaji Meriga
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India.
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2
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Kim TW. Fisetin, an Anti-Inflammatory Agent, Overcomes Radioresistance by Activating the PERK-ATF4-CHOP Axis in Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109076. [PMID: 37240422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fisetin, a well-known plant flavonol from the natural flavonoid group, is found in traditional medicines, plants, vegetables, and fruits. Fisetin also has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of fisetin in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells and found that fisetin reduced the LPS-induced production of pro-inflammation markers, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effects of fisetin. Furthermore, this study investigated the anti-cancer effects of fisetin and found that fisetin induced apoptotic cell death and ER stress through intracellular calcium (Ca2+) release, the PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway, and induction of GRP78 exosomes. However, the suppression of PERK and CHOP inhibited the fisetin-induced cell death and ER stress. Interestingly, fisetin induced apoptotic cell death and ER stress and inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenomenon under radiation in radiation-resistant liver cancer cells. These findings indicate that the fisetin-induced ER stress can overcome radioresistance and induce cell death in liver cancer cells following radiation. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory agent fisetin, in combination with radiation, may be a powerful immunotherapy strategy to overcome resistance in an inflammatory tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Dongguk University-WISE, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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3
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Azab KS, Maarouf RE, Abdel-Rafei MK, El Bakary NM, Thabet NM. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract counteract acute and chronic impact of γ-radiation on liver and spleen of rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221106344. [PMID: 35656930 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The exposure to ionizing radiation has become inescapably because of increased dependence on radiation to execute works in different fields and also its influences on biological systems. Thus, the current study aimed at examination of the radio-protective effect of the natural ashwagandha (Ag) against acute and chronic doses of γ-radiation on liver and spleen of rats. The impact of Ag was inspected in rats exposed to acute exposure of 8 Gy (single dose) or to chronic exposure of 8 Gy (2 Gy every other day for 4 times). The data obtained reveals significant amelioration of the redox status (MDA, GSH and ROS) in spleen and liver tissues of rats treated with Ag and exposed to the 2-different modes of γ-radiation. Besides, the changes in inflammatory responses assessed by measurements of IL-17, IL-10 and α7-nAchR are less pronounced in rats received Ag and γ-radiation compared to irradiated rats. Further, the measurements of tissues structural damage markers (MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1) pointed to benefit of Ag against γ-radiation. The histopathological investigation of spleen and liver tissues confirmed this ameliorating action of Ag counter to γ-radiation hazards. It could be suggested that Ashwagandha could exerts radio-protective influences because of its antioxidants and anti-inflammatory capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Sh Azab
- Department Radiation Biology, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), 68892Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rokaya E Maarouf
- Department Radiation Biology, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), 68892Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K Abdel-Rafei
- Department Radiation Biology, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), 68892Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen M El Bakary
- Department Radiation Biology, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), 68892Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura M Thabet
- Department Radiation Biology, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), 68892Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Ayatollahi SA, Kobarfard F, Staniak M, Stępień A, Czopek K, Sen S, Acharya K, Matthews KR, Sener B, Devkota HP, Kırkın C, Özçelik B, Victoriano M, Martorell M, Rasul Suleria HA, Alshehri MM, Chandran D, Kumar M, Cruz-Martins N, Cho WC. Chemical Composition, Biological Activity, and Health-Promoting Effects of Withania somnifera for Pharma-Food Industry Applications. J FOOD QUALITY 2021; 2021:1-14. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8985179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Withania genus comes from the Solanaceae family and includes around 23 species, spread over some areas of the Mediterranean, Asia, and East Africa. Widely used in traditional medicine for thousands of years, these plants are rich in secondary metabolites, with special emphasis on steroidal lactones, named withanolides which are used as ingredients in numerous formulations for a plethora of diseases, such as asthma, diabetes, arthritis, impotence, amnesia, hypertension, anxiety, stress, cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases, and many others. Among them, Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is the most widely addressed species from a pharmacological and agroindustrial point of view. In this sense, this review provides an overview of the folk uses, phytochemical composition, and biological activity, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activity of W. somnifera, although more recently other species have also been increasingly investigated. In addition, their health-promoting effects, i.e., antistress, anxiolytic, adaptogenic, antirheumatoid arthritis, chemoprotective, and cardiorespiratory-enhancing abilities, along with safety and adverse effects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mariola Staniak
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, Puławy 24-100, Poland
| | - Anna Stępień
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, Puławy 24-100, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czopek
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, Puławy 24-100, Poland
| | - Surjit Sen
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
- Department of Botany, Fakir Chand College, Diamond Harbour, West Bengal 743331, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Karl R. Matthews
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bilge Sener
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ankara 06330, Turkey
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Celale Kırkın
- Department Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Beraat Özçelik
- Department Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Bioactive Research & Innovation Food Manufacturing Industry Trade Ltd. Co., Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Montserrat Victoriano
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | | | - Mohammed M. Alshehri
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR–Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, Gandra 4585-116, Portugal
- TOXRUN–Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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5
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Xia Y, Yan M, Wang P, Hamada K, Yan N, Hao H, Gonzalez FJ, Yan T. Withaferin A in the treatment of liver diseases: progress and pharmacokinetic insights. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:685-693. [PMID: 34903587 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WA) is a natural steroidal compound used in Ayurvedic medicine in India and elsewhere. While WA was used as an anti-cancer reagent for decades, its role in the treatment of liver diseases has only recently been experimentally explored. Here, the effects of WA in the treatment of liver injury, systematic inflammation, and liver cancer are reviewed, and the toxicity and metabolism of WA as well as pharmacological potentials of other extracts from W. somnifera discussed. The pharmacokinetic behaviors of WA are summarized and pharmacokinetic insights into current progress and future opportunities are highlighted. Significance Statement This review outlines the current experimental progress of WA hepatoprotective activities and highlights gaps in the field. This work also discusses the pharmacokinetics of WA that can be used to guide future studies for the possible treatment of liver diseases with this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangliu Xia
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Mingrui Yan
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Keisuke Hamada
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, United States
| | - Nana Yan
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, United States
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6
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Dowlath MJH, Karuppannan SK, Sinha P, Dowlath NS, Arunachalam KD, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Nguyen-Tri P, Nguyen DD. Effects of radiation and role of plants in radioprotection: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146431. [PMID: 34030282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Radiation can be lethal at high doses, whereas controlled doses are useful in medical applications. Other applications include power generation, agriculture sterilization, nuclear weapons, and archeology. Radiation damages genetic material, which is reflected in genotoxicity and can cause hereditary damage. In the medical field, it is essential to avoid the harmful effects of radiation. Radiation countermeasures and the need for radioprotective agents have been explored in recent years. Considering plants that evolve in radiative conditions, their ability to protect organisms against radiation has been studied and demonstrated. Crude extracts, fractioned extracts, isolated phytocompounds, and plant polysaccharides from various plants have been used in radioprotection studies, and their efficiency has been proven in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models. It is important to identify the mechanism of action to develop a potent plant-based radioprotective agent. To identify this protective mechanism, it is necessary to understand the damage caused by radiation in biological systems. This review intends to discuss the effects of ionizing radiation on biological systems and evaluate plant-based radioprotectants that have tested thus far as well as their mechanism of action in protecting against the toxic effects of radiation. From the review, the mechanism of radioprotection exhibited by the plant-based products could be understood. Meanwhile, we strongly suggest that the potential products identified so far should undergo clinical trials for critically evaluating their effects and for developing an ideal and compatible radioprotectant with no side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Karuppannan
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pamela Sinha
- Project Management, Bioneeds India Pvt. Ltd, Peenya Industrial Area, Bengaluru 560058, India
| | - Nihala Sultana Dowlath
- Department of Biochemistry, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600008, India
| | - Kantha Deivi Arunachalam
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea.
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
| | - Phuong Nguyen-Tri
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Vietnam; Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea.
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7
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Cagin YF, Parlakpinar H, Vardi N, Aksanyar S. Protective effects of apocynin against ionizing radiation-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:228-235. [PMID: 34120545 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1936641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation hepatotoxicity is thought to be due to free oxygen radicals. We investigated the protective effects of apocynin (APO) against ionizing radiation induced oxidative stress in liver tissue following whole body ionizing radiation. We divided rats into four groups. The control group was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with saline for five consecutive days. A second group was injected i.p. with saline for 5 days and after 24 h, a single-dose of radiation (800 cGy) was administered to the whole abdomen. A third group was injected i.p. with 20 mg/kg APO for 5 days. A fourth group was injected i.p. with APO for 5 days and after 24 h, the rats were exposed to radiation. Ionizing radiation induced hepatotoxicity was demonstrated biochemically by significant changes in oxidative and antioxidant parameters. Our findings suggest that APO treatment may be protective against radiation induced hepatic injury by decreasing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Furkan Cagin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nigar Vardi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Salih Aksanyar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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8
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Fouad D, Al-Obaidi E, Badr A, Ataya FS, Abdel-Gaber R. Modulatory effect of Ficus carica on oxidative stress and hematological changes induced by gamma-radiation in male albino rats. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020; 75:1313-1324. [DOI: 12. fouad, d., al-obaidi, e., badr, a.et al.modulatory effect of ficus carica on oxidative stress and hematological changes induced by gamma-radiation in male albino rats.biologia.(2019).doi:10.2478/s11756-019-00375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
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9
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Mandlik Ingawale DS, Namdeo AG. Pharmacological evaluation of Ashwagandha highlighting its healthcare claims, safety, and toxicity aspects. J Diet Suppl 2020; 18:183-226. [PMID: 32242751 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1741484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Withania somnifera, commonly known as "Ashwagandha" or "Indian ginseng" is an essential therapeutic plant of Indian subcontinent regions. It is regularly used, alone or in combination with other plants for the treatment of various illnesses in Indian Systems of Medicine over the period of 3,000 years. Ashwagandha (W. somnifera) belongs to the genus Withania and family Solanaceae. It comprises a broad spectrum of phytochemicals having wide range of biological effects. W. somnifera has demonstrated various biological actions such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-arthritic, anti-stress/adaptogenic, neuro-protective, cardio-protective, hepato-protective, immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, W. somnifera has revealed the capability to decrease reactive oxygen species and inflammation, modulation of mitochondrial function, apoptosis regulation and improve endothelial function. Withaferin-A is an important phytoconstituents of W. somnifera belonging to the category of withanolides been used in the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of various disorders. In this review, we have summarized the active phytoconstituents, pharmacologic activities (preclinical and clinical), mechanisms of action, potential beneficial applications, marketed formulations and safety and toxicity profile of W. somnifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S Mandlik Ingawale
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Pune, India
| | - Ajay G Namdeo
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Pune, India
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10
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Mehmood F, Abdullah, Shahzadi I, Ahmed I, Waheed MT, Mirza B. Characterization of Withania somnifera chloroplast genome and its comparison with other selected species of Solanaceae. Genomics 2020; 112:1522-1530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Kumari M, Gupta RP, Lather D, Bagri P. Ameliorating effect of Withania somnifera root extract in Escherichia coli-infected broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1875-1887. [PMID: 32241467 PMCID: PMC7587908 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous Withania somnifera root (WSR) extract in broiler chicks experimentally infected with Escherichia coli O78 @ 107 CFU/0.5 ml intraperitoneally. Clinical signs and mortality due to colibacillosis observed in infected chicks were mild and lasted for short duration in WSR extract supplemented group as compared with the nonsupplemented group. A significant increase in serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase activities and a decrease in total protein and albumin concentrations were observed in the infected groups, though these changes were of lower magnitude in WSR extract supplemented group. A significantly higher activity of oxidative blood parameters such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase enzymes were noticed in WSR extract supplemented group. The WSR extract supplemented group revealed significantly higher E. coli–specific antibody titer and enhanced lymphocyte proliferation response as compared with the nonsupplemented group. The gross and histopathological lesions of colibacillosis were mild in the WSR extract–supplemented infected group as compared with the nonsupplemented infected group. Withania somnifera root extract supplementation produced 31.48 and 34.38% protection in the gross and histopathological lesions in E. coli infected chicks, respectively. It is concluded that supplementation of 20% WSR extract @ 20 ml/L of water caused a reduction in the severity, mortality, and recovery period of E. coli infection and enhanced the humoral and cellular immune responses suggesting its protective effect on limiting the pathology of E. coli infection in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Kumari
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India.
| | - Rajendar P Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Deepika Lather
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Preeti Bagri
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
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12
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Modulatory effect of Ficus carica on oxidative stress and hematological changes induced by gamma-radiation in male albino rats. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Hasan HF, Radwan RR, Galal SM. Bradykinin‐potentiating factor isolated from
Leiurus quinquestriatus
scorpion venom alleviates cardiomyopathy in irradiated rats
via
remodelling of the RAAS pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:263-273. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Farouk Hasan
- Radiation Biology Department National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT) Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt
| | - Rasha R. Radwan
- Drug Radiation Research Department National Center for Radiation Research and Technology Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt
| | - Shereen Mohamed Galal
- Health Radiation Research Department National Center for Radiation Research and Technology Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt
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14
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Gaber MW, Rodgers SP, Tang TT, Sabek OM, Zawaski JA. Differentiation of Heterogeneous Radiation Exposure Using Hematology and Blood Chemistry. Radiat Res 2019; 193:24-33. [PMID: 31671011 DOI: 10.1667/rr15411.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the aftermath of a nuclear incident, survivors will suffer the deleterious effects from acute radiation exposure. The majority of those affected would have received heterogeneous radiation exposure, reflected in hematological metrics and blood chemistry. Here, we investigated the acute and long-term changes in kinetics and magnitude of pancytopenia and blood chemistry in rats irradiated using varying degrees of body shielding. We hypothesized that, although a single blood count may not be able to differentiate the degree of radiation exposure, a combination of measurements from complete blood cell counts (CBCs) and blood chemistry tests is able to do so. Male Sprague Dawley rats, 8-10 weeks of age, received single-dose 7.5 Gy (160 kVp, 25 mA, 1.16 Gy/min) whole-body irradiation (WBI, LD100/30) or partial-body irradiation (PBI), as follows: one leg shielded (1LS, LD0/30), two legs shielded (2LS, LD0/30) or the upper half of the body shielded (UHS, LD0/30). Animal morbidity and weights were measured. Blood was drawn at 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days postirradiation (n = 4-11). For kidney and liver function measurements, CBC and blood chemistry analyses were performed. WBI animals on average survived 9 ± 0.4 days postirradiation. In contrast, all PBI animals survived the 30-day study period. CBC analysis revealed that both white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts were most affected after irradiation. While WBC counts were significantly lower in all irradiated groups on days 1, 5 and 10, platelets were only significantly lower on days 5 and 10 postirradiation. In addition, on day 5 postirradiation both WBC and platelet counts were able to differentiate WBI (non-survivors) from PBI 2LS and UHS animals (survivors). Using four blood parameters (platelets, percentage lymphocytes, percentage neutrophils and percentage monocytes) on day 5 after 7.5 Gy irradiation and a linear discrimination analysis (LDA), we were able to predict the degree of body exposure in animals with a 95.8% accuracy. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly lower in all groups on days 5 and 10 postirradiation compared to baseline. Furthermore, ALP was significantly higher in the UHS than WBI animals. The AST:ALT ratio was significantly higher than baseline in all irradiated groups on day 1 postirradiation. In conclusion, four CBC parameters, on day 5 after receiving a 7.5 Gy dose of radiation, can be employed in a LDA to differentiate various degrees of exposure (shielding). The characterization presented in this work paves the way for further studies in differences caused by heterogeneous body exposure to radiation and a new metric for biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waleed Gaber
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Tien T Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Omaima M Sabek
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Janice A Zawaski
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Modulatory effects of Chrysophyllum cainito L. extract on gamma radiation induced oxidative stress in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:613-623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Fungal endophytes attune withanolide biosynthesis in Withania somnifera, prime to enhanced withanolide A content in leaves and roots. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:20. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhang QY, Wang FX, Jia KK, Kong LD. Natural Product Interventions for Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy-Induced Side Effects. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1253. [PMID: 30459615 PMCID: PMC6232953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the common cancer treatments. However, the development of adverse effects resulting from chemotherapy and radiotherapy hinders the clinical use, and negatively reduces the quality of life in cancer patients. Natural products including crude extracts, bioactive components-enriched fractions and pure compounds prepared from herbs as well as herbal formulas have been proved to prevent and treat cancer. Of significant interest, some natural products can reduce chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis, gastrointestinal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hematopoietic system injury, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. This review focuses in detail on the effectiveness of these natural products, and describes the possible mechanisms of the actions in reducing chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced side effects. Recent advances in the efficacy of natural dietary supplements to counteract these side effects are highlighted. In addition, we draw particular attention to gut microbiotan in the context of prebiotic potential of natural products for the protection against cancer therapy-induced toxicities. We conclude that some natural products are potential therapeutic perspective for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced side effects. Further studies are required to validate the efficacy of natural products in cancer patients, and elucidate potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yu Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei-Xuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke-Ke Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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El-Maraghi EF, Abdel-Fattah KI, Soliman SM, El-Sayed WM. Taurine provides a time-dependent amelioration of the brain damage induced by γ-irradiation in rats. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 359:40-46. [PMID: 30014913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) is inevitable since over 80% of total average exposure comes from natural sources. Brain is vulnerable to the deleterious effects of IR. Therefore, scientists paid attention in identifying novel compounds to protect against radiation-induced brain injury. Adult male albino rats weighing 120-150 g were divided into five groups, 18 rats each. Group 1 served as control, group 2 received an oral daily dose of taurine (500 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Group 3 was exposed to a whole body single dose of γ-irradiation (6 Gy). Groups 4 and 5 received taurine before and after γ-irradiation, respectively. Six rats from each group were sacrificed after 1, 2 or 3 weeks. Throughout the 3 weeks studied, there were significant increases in MDA, NO, TNF-α levels, and Cytochrome-c and activities of Caspases -9 and -3 and significant decreases in GSH, SOD, CAT and GPx in the irradiated group when compared with the relevant control. Cerebral cortex of irradiated rats showed vacuolization and nuclear pyknosis in the neuronal cells and focal gliosis. Taurine administration pre- or post-irradiation significantly ameliorated all these previous effects. Taurine had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects and ameliorated the histopathological changes in brain in a time-dependent mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy F El-Maraghi
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kamal I Abdel-Fattah
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saeed M Soliman
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael M El-Sayed
- University of Ain Shams, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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Samarth RM, Samarth M, Matsumoto Y. Medicinally important aromatic plants with radioprotective activity. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO247. [PMID: 29134131 PMCID: PMC5674267 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatic plants are often used as natural medicines because of their remedial and inherent pharmacological properties. Looking into natural resources, particularly products of plant origin, has become an exciting area of research in drug discovery and development. Aromatic plants are mainly exploited for essential oil extraction for applications in industries, for example, in cosmetics, flavoring and fragrance, spices, pesticides, repellents and herbal beverages. Although several medicinal plants have been studied to treat various conventional ailments only a handful studies are available on aromatic plants, especially for radioprotection. Many plant extracts have been reported to contain antioxidants that scavenge free radicals produced due to radiation exposure, thus imparting radioprotective efficacy. The present review focuses on a subset of medicinally important aromatic plants with radioprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra M Samarth
- Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Government of India, Raisen Bypass Road, Bhopal 462038, India
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Kamla Nehru Hospital Building, GMC Campus, Bhopal 462001, India
| | - Meenakshi Samarth
- Faculty of Science, RKDF University, Airport Bypass Road, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal 462033, India
| | - Yoshihisa Matsumoto
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Institute of Innovative Research, Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, N1–30 2–12–1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152–8550, Japan
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Hasan HF, Abdel-Rafei MK, Galal SM. Diosmin attenuates radiation-induced hepatic fibrosis by boosting PPAR-γ expression and hampering miR-17-5p-activated canonical Wnt-β-catenin signaling. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 95:400-414. [PMID: 28177765 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is one of the major complications from upper right quadrant radiotherapy. MicroRNA-17-5p (miR-17-5p) is hypothesized to act as a regulator of hepatic stellate cell (HSCs) activation by activation of the canonical Wnt-β-catenin pathway. Diosmin (Dios), a citrus bioflavonoid, is known to possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. PURPOSE To explore the molecular mechanisms that underlie radiation-induced liver fibrosis, and to evaluate the possible influence of Dios on the miR-17-5p-Wnt-β-catenin signaling axis during fibrogenesis provoked by irradiation (IRR) in rats. Also, the effect of Dios on hepatic peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) expression as a regulator for HSC activation was considered. METHODS We administered 100 mg·(kg body mass)-1·day-1 (per oral) of Dios were administered to IRR-exposed rats (overall dose of 12 Gy on 6 fractions of 2 Gy each) for 6 successive weeks. RESULTS Data analysis revealed that Dios treatment mitigated oxidative stress, enhanced antioxidant defenses, alleviated hepatic inflammatory responses, abrogated pro-fibrogenic cytokines, and stimulated PPAR-γ expression. Dios treatment repressed the miR-17-5p activated Wnt-β-catenin signaling induced by IRR. Moreover, Dios treatment restored the normal hepatic architecture and reversed pathological alterations induced by IRR. CONCLUSION We hypothesize that the stimulation of PPAR-γ expression and interference with miR-17-5p activated Wnt-β-catenin signaling mediates the antifibrotic properties of Dios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Farouk Hasan
- a Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khairy Abdel-Rafei
- a Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Mohamed Galal
- b Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Manna K, Khan A, Biswas S, Das U, Sengupta A, Mukherjee D, Chakraborty A, Dey S. Naringin ameliorates radiation-induced hepatic damage through modulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01102k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringin ameliorates the toxic effects of radiation in murine liver and decreases the oxidative stress through the modulation of redox-regulated cellular signaling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Manna
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
| | - Amitava Khan
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
| | - Sushobhan Biswas
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
| | - Ujjal Das
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
| | - Aaveri Sengupta
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
| | - Dipanwita Mukherjee
- Radiation Biology Division
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research
- Kolkata-700098
- India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- Radiation Biology Division
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research
- Kolkata-700098
- India
| | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
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22
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Gorelick J, Rosenberg R, Smotrich A, Hanuš L, Bernstein N. Hypoglycemic activity of withanolides and elicitated Withania somnifera. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 116:283-289. [PMID: 25796090 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera, known in India as Asghawhanda, is used traditionally to treat many medical problems including diabetes and has demonstrated therapeutic activity in various animal models as well as in diabetic patients. While much of W. somnifera's therapeutic activity is attributed to withanolides, their role in the anti-diabetic activity of W. somnifera has not been adequately studied. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-diabetic activity of W. somnifera extract and purified withanolides, as well as the effect of various elicitors on this activity. W. somnifera leaf and root extracts increased glucose uptake in myotubes and adipocytes in a dose dependent manner, with the leaf extract more active than the root extract. Leaf but not root extract increased insulin secretion in basal pancreatic beta cells but not in stimulated cells. Six withanolides isolated from W. somnifera were tested for anti-diabetic activity based on glucose uptake in skeletal myotubes. Withaferin A was found to increase glucose uptake, with 10μM producing a 54% increase compared with control, suggesting that withaferin A is at least partially responsible for W. somnifera's anti-diabetic activity. Elicitors applied to the root growing solutions affected the physiological state of the plants, altering membrane leakage or osmotic potential. Methyl salicylate and chitosan increased withaferin A content by 75% and 69% respectively, and extracts from elicited plants increased glucose uptake to a higher extent than non-elicited plants, demonstrating a correlation between increased content of withaferin A and anti-diabetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Gorelick
- Judea Regional Research and Development Center, Kiryat Arba, Israel.
| | - Rivka Rosenberg
- Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, POB 6, 50-250, Israel
| | - Avinoam Smotrich
- Judea Regional Research and Development Center, Kiryat Arba, Israel
| | - Lumír Hanuš
- Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University Medical Faculty, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Nirit Bernstein
- Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, POB 6, 50-250, Israel.
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Al-Awthan YS, Hezabr SM, Al-Zubairi AM, Al-Hemiri FA. Effects of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera on some liver biochemical and histopathological parameters in male guinea pigs. Pak J Biol Sci 2015; 17:504-10. [PMID: 25911837 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.504.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides constitute one of the most widely used classes of pesticides being employed for both agricultural and landscape pest control. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dimethoate (DM), an organophosphorus insecticide, on some biochemical and histopathological parameters in liver of adult male guinea pigs as well as the possible role of Withania somnifera extract in attenuation of DM-induced hepatotoxicity. The animals were divided randomly into 5 groups and kept at 5 animals per group in an environmentally controlled condition with free access to food and water ad libitum. The first group was served as a control group and administered with olive oil orally; the group II received aqueous extract of W. somnifera (100 mg kg(-1) b.wt.) orally, group III, IV and V was administered with DM (14 mg kg(-1); 1/25LD50) for 21 days orally. Group IV and V received 100 mg kg(-1) of W. somnifera extract and silymarin, respectively half hour before DM administration for 21 days. DM caused a statistically significant increase in the serum level of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) when compared to control animals, whereas, W. somnifera and silymarin pre-treatment to the DM-intoxicated animals resulted in a significant normalization of the enzymes activities. On the other hand W. somnifera extract reduced the incidence of histopathological changes such as cytoplasmic vacuolization and degeneration in nuclei, rupture of epithelia lining the central vein, widened sinusoidal space and lymphocyte infiltration induced by DM treatment in guinea pigs. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that W. somnifera aqueous extract could protect the liver against DM-induced oxidative damage.
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Kumar V, Dey A, Hadimani MB, Marcovic T, Emerald M. Chemistry and pharmacology of withania somnifera: An update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5667/tang.2014.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Senthil K, Jayakodi M, Thirugnanasambantham P, Lee SC, Duraisamy P, Purushotham PM, Rajasekaran K, Nancy Charles S, Mariam Roy I, Nagappan AK, Kim GS, Lee YS, Natesan S, Min TS, Yang TJ. Transcriptome analysis reveals in vitro cultured Withania somnifera leaf and root tissues as a promising source for targeted withanolide biosynthesis. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:14. [PMID: 25608483 PMCID: PMC4310147 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The production of metabolites via in vitro culture is promoted by the availability of fully defined metabolic pathways. Withanolides, the major bioactive phytochemicals of Withania somnifera, have been well studied for their pharmacological activities. However, only a few attempts have been made to identify key candidate genes involved in withanolide biosynthesis. Understanding the steps involved in withanolide biosynthesis is essential for metabolic engineering of this plant to increase withanolide production. Results Transcriptome sequencing was performed on in vitro adventitious root and leaf tissues using the Illumina platform. We obtained a total of 177,156 assembled transcripts with an average unigene length of 1,033 bp. About 13% of the transcripts were unique to in vitro adventitious roots but no unique transcripts were observed in in vitro-grown leaves. A putative withanolide biosynthetic pathway was deduced by mapping the assembled transcripts to the KEGG database, and the expression of candidate withanolide biosynthesis genes -were validated by qRT PCR. The accumulation pattern of withaferin A and withanolide A varied according to the type of tissue and the culture period. Further, we demonstrated that in vitro leaf extracts exhibit anticancer activity against human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines at sub G1 phase. Conclusions We report here a validated large-scale transcriptome data set and the potential biological activity of in vitro cultures of W. somnifera. This study provides important information to enhance tissue-specific expression and accumulation of secondary metabolites, paving the way for industrialization of in vitro cultures of W. somnifera. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1214-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiselvi Senthil
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, India.
| | - Murukarthick Jayakodi
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pankajavalli Thirugnanasambantham
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, India.
| | - Sang Choon Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pradeepa Duraisamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, India.
| | - Preethi M Purushotham
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, India.
| | - Kalaiselvi Rajasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, India.
| | - Shobana Nancy Charles
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, India.
| | - Irene Mariam Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, India.
| | - Arul Kumar Nagappan
- Lab of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Lab of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Sun Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea.
| | - Senthil Natesan
- Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Tae-Sun Min
- National Research Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Jin Yang
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea.
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Mansour HH, Shouman SA. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on γ-radiation-induced cytotoxicity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Modulatory effect of moringa oleifera against gamma-radiation-induced oxidative stress in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Korean Red Ginseng saponin fraction modulates radiation effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. J Ginseng Res 2014; 38:208-14. [PMID: 25378996 PMCID: PMC4213838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous work, we reported that Korean Red Ginseng saponin fraction (RGSF) showed anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The present study investigated the radioprotective properties of RGSF by examining its effects on ionizing radiation (IR)-enhanced and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory responses in murine macrophage cells. RESULTS RGSF induced strong downregulation of IR-enhanced and LPS-induced proinflammatory responses such as nitric oxide (NO) production (Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50) = 5.1 ± 0.8 μM) and interleukin-1β levels. RGSF was found to exert its radioprotective effects by inhibition of a signaling cascade that activated checkpoint kinase 2-nuclear factor-κB. In addition, RGSF strongly inhibited IR-enhanced LPS-induced expression of hemoxyganase-1, implying that the latter may be a potential target of RGSF. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that RGSF can be considered and developed for use as an effective radioprotective agent with minimal adverse effects.
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De novo assembly, functional annotation and comparative analysis of Withania somnifera leaf and root transcriptomes to identify putative genes involved in the withanolides biosynthesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62714. [PMID: 23667511 PMCID: PMC3648579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera is one of the most valuable medicinal plants used in Ayurvedic and other indigenous medicine systems due to bioactive molecules known as withanolides. As genomic information regarding this plant is very limited, little information is available about biosynthesis of withanolides. To facilitate the basic understanding about the withanolide biosynthesis pathways, we performed transcriptome sequencing for Withania leaf (101L) and root (101R) which specifically synthesize withaferin A and withanolide A, respectively. Pyrosequencing yielded 8,34,068 and 7,21,755 reads which got assembled into 89,548 and 1,14,814 unique sequences from 101L and 101R, respectively. A total of 47,885 (101L) and 54,123 (101R) could be annotated using TAIR10, NR, tomato and potato databases. Gene Ontology and KEGG analyses provided a detailed view of all the enzymes involved in withanolide backbone synthesis. Our analysis identified members of cytochrome P450, glycosyltransferase and methyltransferase gene families with unique presence or differential expression in leaf and root and might be involved in synthesis of tissue-specific withanolides. We also detected simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in transcriptome data for use in future genetic studies. Comprehensive sequence resource developed for Withania, in this study, will help to elucidate biosynthetic pathway for tissue-specific synthesis of secondary plant products in non-model plant organisms as well as will be helpful in developing strategies for enhanced biosynthesis of withanolides through biotechnological approaches.
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