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Sarapultseva EI, Uskalova DV, Ustenko KV, Tikhonov VN, Ivanov IA, Tikhonov AV. Transgenerational changes in Daphnia magna under radio frequency radiation in the juvenile and puberty period. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:551-560. [PMID: 35675553 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2087928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the results of direct and transgenerational effects of radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on the model organism of crustaceans Daphnia magna. MATERIALS AND METHODS D. magna were chronically exposed at 900 GHz EMF with an energy flux density (EFD) of about 1 mW/cm2 in the juvenile and pubertal periods of their ontogenesis. The cytotoxicity of exposure as well as survival, fertility and teratogenic effect of directly exposed daphnids and their progeny across three generations were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results of our study show that exposure of RF-EMF at juvenile period can significantly affect the fertility and size of irradiated daphnids and their offspring of the first generation. The decrease in fertility may be associated with a cytotoxic effect on the cells of irradiated animals. The reduction in the size of the terminal spine and the body of individuals is an indicator of the negative impact of radiation on the protective strategy of the crustacean population. The reproductive process is restored by the second generation. The results of our study provide further insights into the possible mechanisms underlying the in vivo effects of RF-EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Sarapultseva
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Engineering-Physics Institute of Biomedicine, Moscow, Russia.,A Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - Branch of FSBI NMRRC of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Darya V Uskalova
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Engineering-Physics Institute of Biomedicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenya V Ustenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Engineering-Physics Institute of Biomedicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor N Tikhonov
- FSBI All-Russian Research Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Igor A Ivanov
- FSBI All-Russian Research Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V Tikhonov
- FSBI All-Russian Research Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Russia
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A Review of Modeling Approaches for Understanding and Monitoring the Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the environmental effects of marine energy (ME) devices is fundamental for their sustainable development and efficient regulation. However, measuring effects is difficult given the limited number of operational devices currently deployed. Numerical modeling is a powerful tool for estimating environmental effects and quantifying risks. It is most effective when informed by empirical data and coordinated with the development and implementation of monitoring protocols. We reviewed modeling techniques and information needs for six environmental stressor–receptor interactions related to ME: changes in oceanographic systems, underwater noise, electromagnetic fields (EMFs), changes in habitat, collision risk, and displacement of marine animals. This review considers the effects of tidal, wave, and ocean current energy converters. We summarized the availability and maturity of models for each stressor–receptor interaction and provide examples involving ME devices when available and analogous examples otherwise. Models for oceanographic systems and underwater noise were widely available and sometimes applied to ME, but need validation in real-world settings. Many methods are available for modeling habitat change and displacement of marine animals, but few examples related to ME exist. Models of collision risk and species response to EMFs are still in stages of theory development and need more observational data, particularly about species behavior near devices, to be effective. We conclude by synthesizing model status, commonalities between models, and overlapping monitoring needs that can be exploited to develop a coordinated and efficient set of protocols for predicting and monitoring the environmental effects of ME.
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Audira G, Siregar P, Chen KHC, Roldan MJM, Huang JC, Lai HT, Hsiao CD. Interspecies Behavioral Variability of Medaka Fish Assessed by Comparative Phenomics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115686. [PMID: 34073632 PMCID: PMC8197923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, medaka has been used as a model organism in various research fields. However, even though it possesses several advantages over zebrafish, fewer studies were done in medaka compared to zebrafish, especially with regard to its behavior. Thus, to provide more information regarding its behavior and to demonstrate the behavioral differences between several species of medaka, we compared the behavioral performance and biomarker expression in the brain between four medaka fishes, Oryzias latipes, Oryzias dancena, Oryzias woworae, and Oryzias sinensis. We found that each medaka species explicitly exhibited different behaviors to each other, which might be related to the different basal levels of several biomarkers. Furthermore, by phenomics and genomic-based clustering, the differences between these medaka fishes were further investigated. Here, the phenomic-based clustering was based on the behavior results, while the genomic-based clustering was based on the sequence of the nd2 gene. As we expected, both clusterings showed some resemblances to each other in terms of the interspecies relationship between medaka and zebrafish. However, this similarity was not displayed by both clusterings in the medaka interspecies comparisons. Therefore, these results suggest a re-interpretation of several prior studies in comparative biology. We hope that these results contribute to the growing database of medaka fish phenotypes and provide one of the foundations for future phenomics studies of medaka fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Audira
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan; (G.A.); (P.S.)
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Petrus Siregar
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan; (G.A.); (P.S.)
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Kelvin H.-C. Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan;
| | - Marri Jmelou M. Roldan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
| | - Jong-Chin Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (J.-C.H.); (H.-T.L.); (C.-D.H.)
| | - Hong-Thih Lai
- Department of Aquatic Biosciences, National Chiayi University, 300 University Rd., Chiayi 600, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-C.H.); (H.-T.L.); (C.-D.H.)
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan; (G.A.); (P.S.)
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-C.H.); (H.-T.L.); (C.-D.H.)
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Medaka ( Oryzias latipes) Embryo as a Model for the Screening of Compounds That Counteract the Damage Induced by Ultraviolet and High-Energy Visible Light. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165769. [PMID: 32796742 PMCID: PMC7460826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous overexposure to sunlight increases its harmful effects on the skin. For this reason, there is a growing need to characterize economic models more representative of the negative effects and counteracting responses that irradiation causes on human skin. These models will serve for the screening of protective compounds against damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) and high energy visible light (HEV). Therefore, two common in vitro models employed for sunlight irradiation studies, namely human keratinocyte HaCat culture and reconstructed human epidermis (RHE), were compared with the medaka fish embryo model, traditionally used in other scientific disciplines. Using suberythemal doses of UVA and HEV to determine the level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation and thymine dimers formed by UVB, we show that medaka embryo responds with a lower damage level, more comparable to human skin, than the other two models, probably due to the protective mechanisms that work in a complete organism. In the same way, the protective effects of antioxidant compounds have the greatest effect on medaka embryos. Taken together, these findings suggest that medaka embryos would be a good alternative in vitro model for sunlight effect studies, and for the screening of molecules with counteracting capacity against the damage caused by UV and HEV.
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Bodewein L, Schmiedchen K, Dechent D, Stunder D, Graefrath D, Winter L, Kraus T, Driessen S. Systematic review on the biological effects of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields in the intermediate frequency range (300 Hz to 1 MHz). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:247-259. [PMID: 30690271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many novel technologies, including induction cookers or wireless power transfer, produce electric fields (EF), magnetic fields (MF) or electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the intermediate frequency (IF) range. The effects of such fields on biological systems, however, have been poorly investigated. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an update of the state of research and to evaluate the potential for adverse effects of EF, MF and EMF in the IF range (300 Hz to 1 MHz) on biological systems. METHODS The review was prepared in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Methodical limitations in individual studies were assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies. RESULTS Fifty-six studies exposing humans, animals or in vitro systems were eligible for this review. In these studies, many different endpoints were examined and most of the findings were obtained in studies with exposure to MF. For most endpoints, however, the reviewed studies yielded inconsistent results, with some studies indicating no effect and some linking IF exposure with adverse effects. In the majority of the included studies, the applied field strengths were above the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reference levels for the general public and the applied frequencies were mainly below 100 kHz. Furthermore, many of the reviewed studies suffered from methodical limitations which lowered the credibility of the reported results. CONCLUSION Due to the large heterogeneity in study designs, endpoints and exposed systems, as well as the inconsistent results and methodical limitations in many studies, the quality of evidence for adverse effects remains inadequate for drawing a conclusion on investigated biological effects of IF fields for most endpoints. We recommend that in future studies, effects of EF, MF and EMF in the IF range should be investigated more systematically, i.e., studies should consider various frequencies to identify potential frequency-dependent effects and apply different field strengths, especially if threshold-dependent effects are expected. Priority should be given to the investigation of acute effects, like induction of phosphenes, perception, excitation of nerves or muscles and thermal effects. This would be an important step towards the validation of the reference levels recommended by ICNIRP. Furthermore, we recommend that any new studies aim at implementing high quality dosimetry and minimizing sources of risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambert Bodewein
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu) - Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kristina Schmiedchen
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu) - Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Dechent
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu) - Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Dominik Stunder
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu) - Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - David Graefrath
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu) - Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lukas Winter
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu) - Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu) - Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sarah Driessen
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu) - Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Piccinetti CC, De Leo A, Cosoli G, Scalise L, Randazzo B, Cerri G, Olivotto I. Measurement of the 100 MHz EMF radiation in vivo effects on zebrafish D. rerio embryonic development: A multidisciplinary study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:268-279. [PMID: 29477917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The augmented exposure of both environment and human being to electromagnetic waves and the concomitant lack of an unequivocal knowledge about biological consequences of these radiations, raised public interest on electromagnetic pollution. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the biological effects on zebrafish (ZF) embryos of 100 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure through a multidisciplinary protocol. Because of the shared synteny between human and ZF genomes that validated its use in biomedical research, toxicology and developmental biology studies, ZF was here selected as experimental model and a measurement protocol and biological analyses have been set up to clearly discriminate between RF-EMF biological and thermal effects. The results showed that a 100 MHz EMF was able to affect ZF embryonic development, from 24 to 72 h post fertilization (hpf) in all the analyzed pathways. Particularly, at the 48 hpf stage, a reduced growth, an increased transcription of oxidative stress genes, the onset of apoptotic/autophagic processes and a modification in cholesterol metabolism were detected. ZF embryos faced stress induced by EMF radiation by triggering detoxification mechanisms and at 72 hpf they partially recovered from stress reaching the hatching time in a comparable way respect to the control group. Data here obtained showed unequivocally the in vivo effects of RF-EMF on an animal model, excluding thermal outcomes and thus represents the starting point for more comprehensive studies on dose response effects of electromagnetic fields radiations consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Carla Piccinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Leo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gloria Cosoli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Scalise
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Basilio Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Graziano Cerri
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Carlson BM, Gross JB. Characterization and comparison of activity profiles exhibited by the cave and surface morphotypes of the blind Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 208:114-129. [PMID: 28823830 PMCID: PMC5817046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Departure from normal circadian rhythmicity and exposure to atypical lighting cues has been shown to adversely affect human health and wellness in a variety of ways. In contrast, adaptation to extreme environments has led many species to alter or even entirely abandon their reliance upon cyclic environmental inputs, principally daily cycles of light and darkness. The extreme darkness, stability and isolation of cave ecosystems has made cave-adapted species particularly attractive systems in which to study the consequences of life without light and the strategies that allow species to survive and even thrive in such environments. In order to further explore these questions, we have assessed the rhythmicity of locomotion in the blind Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, under controlled laboratory conditions. Using high-resolution video tracking assays, we characterized patterns in locomotor activity and spatial tank usage for members of the surface and Pachón cave populations. Here we demonstrate that cavefish have a higher overall level of activity and use the space within the trial tank differently than surface fish. Further, Pachón cavefish show circadian rhythmicity in both activity and spatial tank usage under a 12:12 light/dark cycle. We provide further evidence that these cavefish retain a weakly light-entrainable, endogenous circadian oscillator with limited capability to sustain rhythms in activity, but not spatial tank usage, in the absence of photic cues. Finally, we demonstrate a putative behavioral "masking effect" contributing to behavioral rhythms and provide evidence that exposure to constant darkness during development may alter behavioral patterns later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Carlson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | - Joshua B Gross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
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Kilfoyle AK, Jermain RF, Dhanak MR, Huston JP, Spieler RE. Effects of EMF emissions from undersea electric cables on coral reef fish. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 39:35-52. [PMID: 29119574 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions from undersea power cables impacted local marine life, with an emphasis on coral reef fish. The work was done at the South Florida Ocean Measurement Facility of Naval Surface Warfare Center in Broward County, Florida, which has a range of active undersea detection and data transmission cables. EMF emissions from a selected cable were created during non-destructive visual fish surveys on SCUBA. During surveys, the transmission of either alternating current (AC), direct current (DC), or none (OFF) was randomly initiated by the facility at a specified time. Visual surveys were conducted using standardized transect and point-count methods to acquire reef fish abundances and species richness prior to and immediately after a change in transmission frequency. The divers were also tasked to note the reaction of the reef fish to the immediate change in EMF during a power transition. In general, analysis of the data did not find statistical differences among power states and any variables. However, this may be a Type II error as there are strong indications of a potential difference of a higher abundance of reef fish at the sites when the power was off, and further study is warranted. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:35-52, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audie K Kilfoyle
- Nova Southeastern University, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Dania Beach, Florida
| | - Robert F Jermain
- Nova Southeastern University, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Dania Beach, Florida
| | - Manhar R Dhanak
- Institute for Oceans and Systems Engineering-SeaTech, Florida Atlantic University, Dania Beach, Florida
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Institute of Physiological Psychology I, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard E Spieler
- Nova Southeastern University, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Dania Beach, Florida
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Devault DA, Péné-Annette A. Analysis of the environmental issues concerning the deployment of an OTEC power plant in Martinique. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:25582-25601. [PMID: 28523612 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a form of power generation, which exploits the temperature difference between warm surface seawater and cold deep seawater. Suitable conditions for OTEC occur in deep warm seas, especially the Caribbean, the Red Sea and parts of the Indo-Pacific Ocean. The continuous power provided by this renewable power source makes a useful contribution to a renewable energy mix because of the intermittence of the other major renewable power sources, i.e. solar or wind power. Industrial-scale OTEC power plants have simply not been built. However, recent innovations and greater political awareness of power transition to renewable energy sources have strengthened the support for such power plants and, after preliminary studies in the Reunion Island (Indian Ocean), the Martinique Island (West Indies) has been selected for the development of the first full-size OTEC power plant in the world, to be a showcase for testing and demonstration. An OTEC plant, even if the energy produced is cheap, calls for high initial capital investment. However, this technology is of interest mainly in tropical areas where funding is limited. The cost of innovations to create an operational OTEC plant has to be amortized, and this technology remains expensive. This paper will discuss the heuristic, technical and socio-economic limits and consequences of deploying an OTEC plant in Martinique to highlight respectively the impact of the OTEC plant on the environment the impact of the environment on the OTEC plant. After defining OTEC, we will describe the different constraints relating to the setting up of the first operational-scale plant worldwide. This includes the investigations performed (reporting declassified data), the political context and the local acceptance of the project. We will then provide an overview of the processes involved in the OTEC plant and discuss the feasibility of future OTEC installations. We will also list the extensive marine investigations required prior to installation and the dangers of setting up OTEC plants in inappropriate locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Agroparistech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris Cedex 05, 75231, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Molécules en Milieu Agressif, UA-UMR ECOFOG, DSI, Campus Universitaire de Schœlcher, 97275, Schœlcher, Martinique, France.
| | - Anne Péné-Annette
- Laboratoire EA 929 AIHP-Geode-Biospheres Campus Universitaire de Schœlcher, 97275, Schœlcher, Martinique, France
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Boga A, Emre M, Sertdemir Y, Uncu İ, Binokay S, Demirhan O. Effects of GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation during the oogenesis and spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 129:137-144. [PMID: 27017260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effect of GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on the oogenesis, and spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis, and so the development of the embryos obtained from Normal Females+Normal Males (i.e. "N(F)+N(M)"); Normal Females+RF-exposed Males (i.e. "N(F)+RF(M)"); RF-exposed Female+Normal Male (i.e. "RF(F)+N(M)"); and RF-exposed Female+RF-exposed Male (i.e. "RF(F)+RF(M)". Various, assessments were performed to determine potential teratogenic effects and mortality, body growth and behavior on first generation embryos. After exposing adults frogs of both sexes to 900MHz RF-EMR (at 1.0W/kg) for 8h a day over a 5-week period, the embryos' specific energy absorption rate (SAR) was calculated. In our present study (control group; 2.2% abnormal, 0.0% dead); with the N(F)+RF(M) combination, the long-term exposure of adult males to GSM-like radiation at 900MHz (RF: 2W) for 5 week/8h/day resulted in normal, abnormal and dead embryo ratios of 88.3%, 3.3% and 8.3%, respectively (p<0.001). In the RF(F)+N(M) combination, long-term exposure (5 week/8h/day) of adult females led to normal, abnormal and dead embryo ratios of 76.7%, 11.7%, and 11.7%, respectively (p<0.001). And in the RF(F)+RF(M) combination, long-term exposure (5 week/8h/day) of both adult males and females led to normal, abnormal and dead embryo ratios of 73.3%, 11.7%, and 15%, respectively (p<0.001). With the exception RF(F)+RF(M) group (p<0.001), no significant changes were observed on body growth (lengths) in comparison to the control group. It was also observed that the offspring of female adult Xenopus exposed to RF-EMR during oogenesis exhibited a more aggressive behavior compared to the control group. Cell phones radiation can thus lead to detrimental effects in humans' male and female reproductive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayper Boga
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Emre
- Department of Biophysics, Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yasar Sertdemir
- Department of Biostatistics, Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Uncu
- Department of Biophysics, Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey
| | - Secil Binokay
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey
| | - Osman Demirhan
- Department of Medical Biology, Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey
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Lee W, Wang YC. Assessing developmental toxicity of caffeine and sweeteners in medaka (Oryzias latipes). SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:486. [PMID: 26380162 PMCID: PMC4562911 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of artificial sweeteners (ASWs) has increased and become more widespread, and consequently ASWs have appeared in aquatic environments around the world. However, their safety to the health of humans and wildlife remains inconclusive. In this study, using medaka embryos (Oryzias latipes), we investigated developmental toxicity of aspartame (ASP) and saccharin (SAC). Since ASWs are often consumed with caffeine (CAF) and CAF with sucrose (SUC), we tested biological activities of these four substances and the mixtures of CAF with each sweetener. The embryos were exposed to ASP at 0.2 and 1.0 mM, SAC at 0.005 and 0.050 mM, CAF at 0.05 and 0.5 mM, or SUC at 29 and 146 mM, starting from less than 5 h post fertilization until hatch. Control embryos were treated with embryo solution only. Several endpoints were used to evaluate embryonic development. Some of the hatchlings were also tested for anxiety-like behavior with the white preference test. The results showed that all four substances and the mixtures of CAF with the sweeteners affected development. The most sensitive endpoints were the heart rate, eye density, and hatchling body length. The hatchlings of several treatment groups also exhibited anxiety-like behavior. We then used the Integrated Biological Response (IBR) as an index to evaluate the overall developmental toxicity of the substances. We found that the ranking of developmental toxicity was SAC > CAF > ASP > SUC, and there was a cumulative effect when CAF was combined with the sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjau Lee
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, No. 1, Changda Rd., Gueiren District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Wang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, No. 1, Changda Rd., Gueiren District, Tainan, Taiwan
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Balmori A. Anthropogenic radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as an emerging threat to wildlife orientation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 518-519:58-60. [PMID: 25747364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The rate of scientific activity regarding the effects of anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation in the radiofrequency (RF) range on animals and plants has been small despite the fact that this topic is relevant to the fields of experimental biology, ecology and conservation due to its remarkable expansion over the past 20 years. Current evidence indicates that exposure at levels that are found in the environment (in urban areas and near base stations) may particularly alter the receptor organs to orient in the magnetic field of the earth. These results could have important implications for migratory birds and insects, especially in urban areas, but could also apply to birds and insects in natural and protected areas where there are powerful base station emitters of radiofrequencies. Therefore, more research on the effects of electromagnetic radiation in nature is needed to investigate this emerging threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Balmori
- Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Castilla y León, C/ Rigoberto Cortejoso, 14, 47071 Valladolid, Spain.
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Lee W, Lee CC. Developmental toxicity of cigarette butts - An underdeveloped issue. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:362-8. [PMID: 25531833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette butts (CBs) littering is not just an unsightly nuisance but also a public health problem, because chemicals contained in cigarettes can leach into aquatic environments and pose a risk to the health of humans and wildlife. However, this risk is largely unrecognized or ignored by the public, and toxicological evidence of CBs is scarce. Therefore, we used medaka embryos (Oryzias latipes) to explore developmental toxicity of CBs. The embryos were exposed to various concentrations of leachates from smoked and unsmoked cigarette tobacco (ST and UST) and filters (SF and USF), and observed from 1 to 3 days post-fertilization. The images were recorded and several developmental endpoints analyzed. The values from these endpoints were then used to calculate the Integrated Biomarker Response and evaluate overall effects of the leachates. Some of the embryos were allowed to hatch, and the hatchlings were tested for anxiety-like behavior. Our results showed that low concentrations of the leachates from ST, UST, and SF raised the heart rate, accelerated development, and changed behavior, while high concentrations lowered the heart rate, suppressed development, and increased mortality. The lowest observed effect concentration for the leachates was ≤0.2piece (pc)/L. The USF leachate had no effect at the concentration of 20pc/L. Developmental toxicity of the leachates was ranked as: ST>UST>SF>USF. This study has demonstrated for the first time that CB leachates affect fish development, and provided toxicological evidence to better assess ecological impacts of CBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjau Lee
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chih Chun Lee
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
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