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Chaudhary V, Kumar M, Chauhan C, Sirohi U, Srivastav AL, Rani L. Strategies for mitigation of pesticides from the environment through alternative approaches: A review of recent developments and future prospects. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120326. [PMID: 38387349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Chemical-based peticides are having negative impacts on both the healths of human beings and plants as well. The World Health Organisation (WHO), reported that each year, >25 million individuals in poor nations are having acute pesticide poisoning cases along with 20,000 fatal injuries at global level. Normally, only ∼0.1% of the pesticide reaches to the intended targets, and rest amount is expected to come into the food chain/environment for a longer period of time. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce the amounts of pesticides present in the soil. Physical or chemical treatments are either expensive or incapable to do so. Hence, pesticide detoxification can be achieved through bioremediation/biotechnologies, including nano-based methodologies, integrated approaches etc. These are relatively affordable, efficient and environmentally sound methods. Therefore, alternate strategies like as advanced biotechnological tools like as CRISPR Cas system, RNAi and genetic engineering for development of insects and pest resistant plants which are directly involved in the development of disease- and pest-resistant plants and indirectly reduce the use of pesticides. Omics tools and multi omics approaches like metagenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics for the efficient functional gene mining and their validation for bioremediation of pesticides also discussed from the literatures. Overall, the review focuses on the most recent advancements in bioremediation methods to lessen the effects of pesticides along with the role of microorganisms in pesticides elimination. Further, pesticide detection is also a big challenge which can be done by using HPLC, GC, SERS, and LSPR ELISA etc. which have also been described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping Architecture, College of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chetan Chauhan
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping Architecture, College of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ujjwal Sirohi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Lal Srivastav
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Lata Rani
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Wang L, Cao G, Zhang ZF, Liu LY, Jia SM, Fu MQ, Ma WL. Occurrence, seasonal variation and gas/particle partitioning of current used pesticides (CUPs) across 60 °C temperature and 30° latitudes in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132983. [PMID: 37984139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Gas and particle phases samples were collected at three sites in China in 2019-2020, with 60 °C temperature span and 30° latitude range. Totally, among 76 target current used pesticides (CUPs) with four types, 51 were quantified in at least one sample. The concentrations of individual CUPs ranged from 8 orders of magnitude, indicating different pollution levels. Herbicides were the dominated CUPs in Northeast China, while higher concentrations of fungicides were found in Southeast China. The highest concentrations of CUPs were observed in Southeast China in spring and winter, while in summer and autumn in Northeast China, caused by local climates and crop cultivation patterns. The gas/particle (G/P) partitioning of CUPs was mainly influenced by their physicochemical properties and ambient temperature. The G/P partitioning study indicated that the L-M-Y model was the optimum prediction model for herbicides, fungicides and pyrethroids. The L-M-Y model and the H-B model presented equal performance for organophosphate insecticides. To our knowledge, the L-M-Y model was firstly applied for the study of the G/P partitioning of CUPs, which provided new insights into the related fields of new emergency contaminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Gang Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shi-Ming Jia
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Meng-Qi Fu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Li C, Sun X, Zhu Y, Liang W, Nie Y, Shi W, Ai S. Core-shell structural nitrogen-doped carbon foam loaded with nano zero-valent iron for simultaneous remediation of Cd (II) and NAP in water and soil: Kinetics, mechanism, and environmental evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155091. [PMID: 35398127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly technology was developed for simultaneous remediation of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and water. In this study, using pinecones powder as the precursor, the core-shell structural nitrogen-doped carbon foam loaded with nano zero-valent iron (nZVI@NCF) was synthesized through Mannich reaction and high-temperature carbon reduction. The nZVI@NCF was applied as the adsorbent and catalyst to simultaneously remediate the composite pollutants of Cd (II) and naphthalene (NAP). Under the optimal conditions, the adsorption capacity of Cd (II) in water and soil were 13.9 mg·g-1 and 1.97 mg·g-1, respectively, and the adsorption process conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The degradation rates of NAP in water (10 mg·L-1) reached almost 100% as well as it could reach 59.12% in soil (10 mg·kg-1). In addition, it was proved that the presence of NAP could compete with Cd (II) for the active sites on the surface of the material to inhibit the adsorption of Cd (II), while the co-existence of Cd (II) could improve the degradation of NAP by the nZVI@NCF/PMS system due to the nZVI-Cd bimetallic effect and the pro-oxidant effect of Cd (II) promoting the generation of ROS. The free radical quenching experiment revealed that the generated ·O2- was the main substance that mediated the redox of nZVI/Fe2+/Fe3+ to oxidative NAP during the degradation process. Furthermore, the results of the phytotoxicity test demonstrated that the nZVI@NCF/PMS system could effectively remediate the soil co-contaminated with Cd (II) and NAP as well as improve the soil environment quality. This research will provide new materials and potential technologies for the efficient treatment of the composite pollutants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wenxu Liang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yongxin Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Weijie Shi
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Shiyun Ai
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China.
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Naghavi S, Ebrahimi-Khusfi Z, Mirzaei A. Decoupling pollution-agricultural growth and predicting climate change impacts on decoupling index using Bayesian network in different climatic regions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:14677-14694. [PMID: 34617225 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Applying the principles of healthy products through agriculture practices has become an important issue due to significant environmental impacts of agrochemicals application. The agrochemicals have been recognized as an essential component of modern agriculture, but they are also an important source of environmental pollution that threatens the human's health and are main sources of carbon emissions. Pesticides and fertilizers application are important in the process of Iran's food production. In Iran, intensifying the agricultural production has led to overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This work is the first effort to quantify and compare the decoupling index pollution from agricultural sector using Tapio decoupling indicator and predict climate change impacts on this index by using Bayesian network across the whole country of Iran. For this purpose, required annual data of predictor variables for the period of 2008 to 2018 was used to calculate the decoupling index. For projecting climate change impacts on this index by using Bayesian network, monthly mean values of climatic variables were used. While Iranian farmers are criticized for pesticide overuse, these study findings showed that during the period of 2008-2018, decoupling index for pesticides (agricultural pollution by using pesticide) and decoupling index for fertilizer (agricultural pollution by using fertilizer) in the selected provinces fluctuate between RD-SD, SD-SD, SD-SD, and RD-SD. Therefore, the decoupling states show that in most study years, there is a strong decoupling of agricultural growth in selected provinces. This means that in the selected provinces, pollutant emissions of chemical fertilizer and pesticides use for agricultural productions have decreased and it has been well controlled. Therefore, by expansion of agricultural sector, the situation of agricultural pollution in these provinces in most years has not been intensified. Control of agricultural pollution in these provinces has shown a positive and significant impact on public health. In selected provinces, the cleaner agricultural products and application of organic fertilizers have been increased. This study results also showed that the climate change will accelerate increment of pests population and thus pesticides application in different climatic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Naghavi
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
| | - Zohre Ebrahimi-Khusfi
- Department of Ecological Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirzaei
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
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Glyphosate adsorption onto porous clay heterostructure (PCH): kinetic and thermodynamic studies. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-021-00166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe synthesis of PCH from natural bentonite produces a porous heterostructure material effective for the adsorption of glyphosate from water. The adsorption process takes place through an interaction between the silanol group of montmorillonite and/or the PCH adsorbent with the functional groups of glyphosate. The glyphosate adsorption isotherms, recorded for all the studied samples, have been established to be of Langmuir type. The kinetic of the herbicide adsorption on the PCH was best described by the pseudo-second-order model. With the increase in temperature from 25 to 50 °C, the sorption capacities of the materials studied towards glyphosate increased. The process of glyphosate adsorption was found to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature, as indicated by positive values of ΔH and negative values of ΔG. According to the results obtained, the herbicide sorption was more effective in a basic environment. The maximum amount of adsorbed glyphosate is almost doubled with PCH from 13.5 mg/g of natural clay to 27.5 mg/g of PCH.
Graphic abstract
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Celso Gonçalves A, Zimmermann J, Schwantes D, Tarley CRT, Conradi Junior E, Henrique Dias de Oliveira V, Campagnolo MA, Ziemer GL. Renewable Eco-Friendly Activated Biochar from Tobacco: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamics Studies for Chlorpyrifos Removal. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1890776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Affonso Celso Gonçalves
- Center of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliano Zimmermann
- Center of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniel Schwantes
- Departamento De Ciencias Vegetales, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Elio Conradi Junior
- Center of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Angelo Campagnolo
- Department of Agronomy, Educational College of Medianeira (UDC Medianeira), Medianeira, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Lindner Ziemer
- Center of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Paraná, Brazil
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Archer WR, Hall BA, Thompson TN, Wadsworth OJ, Schulz MD. Polymer sequestrants for biological and environmental applications. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William R Archer
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation InstituteVirginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
| | - Brady A Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation InstituteVirginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
| | - Tiffany N Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation InstituteVirginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
| | - Ophelia J Wadsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation InstituteVirginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
| | - Michael D Schulz
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation InstituteVirginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
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Zhang X, Shao J, Chen A, Shang C, Hu X, Luo S, Lei M, Peng L, Zeng Q. Effects of cadmium on calcium homeostasis in the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 157:95-101. [PMID: 29609109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the widespread application of white-rot fungi for the treatment of pollutants, it's crucial to exploit the special effects of pollutants on the microbes. Here, we studied the effects of cadmium on calcium homeostasis in the most studied white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The response of P. chrysosporium to cadmium stress is concentration-dependent. A high concentration of cadmium caused the release of calcium from P. chrysosporium, while a hormesis effect was observed at a lower cadmium concentration (10 μM), which resulted in a significant increase in calcium uptake and reversed the decrease in cell viability. Calcium (50 μM) promoted cell viability (127.2% of control), which reflects that calcium can protect P. chrysosporium from environmental stress. Real-time changes in the Ca2+ and Cd2+ fluxes of P. chrysosporium were quantified using the noninvasive microtest technique. Ca2+ influx decreased significantly under cadmium exposure, and the Ca2+ channel was involved in Ca2+ and Cd2+ influx. The cadmium and/or calcium uptake results coupled with the real-time Ca2+ and Cd2+ influxes microscale signatures can enhance our knowledge of the homeostasis of P. chrysosporium with respect to cadmium stress, which may provide useful information for improving the bioremediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jihai Shao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Cui Shang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Xinjiang Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Si Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Ming Lei
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Liang Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Qingru Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
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Yan Y, Li Y, Ma M, Ma W, Cheng X, Xu K. Effects of coexisting BDE-47 on the migration and biodegradation of BDE-99 in river-based aquifer media recharged with reclaimed water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5140-5153. [PMID: 28512710 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two prominent polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners have been included in the persistent organic pollutant list, 2,2',4,4',5-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) and 2,2,4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), which have been detected in treated municipal wastewater, river water, and sediments in China. A lab-scale column experiment was established to investigate the effects of the competitive sorption of BDE-47 on BDE-99 biodegradation and migration in two types of river-based aquifer soils during groundwater recharge with reclaimed water. Two types of recharge columns were used, filled with either silty clay (SC) or black carbon-amended silty clay (BCA). The decay rate constants of BDE-99 in the BCA and SC systems were 0.186 and 0.13 m-1 in the single-solute system and 0.128 and 0.071 m-1 in the binary-solute system, respectively, showing that the decay of BDE-99 was inhibited by the coexistence of BDE-47. This was particularly evident in the SC system because the higher hydrophobicity of BDE-99 determined the higher affinity and competition for sorption sites onto black carbon. The biodegradation of BDE-99 was suppressed by the coexistence of BDE-47, especially in the SC system. Lesser-brominated congeners (BDE-47 and BDE-28) and higher-brominated congeners (BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, and BDE-183) were generated in the four recharge systems, albeit at different ratios. Bacterial biodiversity was influenced by the presence of BDE-47 in the SC system, while it had no significant effect on the BCA system, because the high sorption capacity of black carbon on the hydrophobic PBDEs effectively reduced their toxicity. The ranking order of the most abundant classes changed markedly due to the coexistence of BDE-47 in both the SC and BCA systems. The ranking order of the most abundant genera changed from Azospira, Methylotenera, Desulfovibrio, Methylibium, and Bradyrhizobium to Halomonas, Hyphomicrobium, Pseudomonas, Methylophaga, and Shewanella, which could be involved in PBDE degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Y Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - M Ma
- Graduate School of International Relationship, International University of Japan, Minami Uonuma, 9497248, Japan
| | - W Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - X Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - K Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Marican A, Durán-Lara EF. A review on pesticide removal through different processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:2051-2064. [PMID: 29185220 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main organic pollutants worldwide are pesticides, persistent chemicals that are of concern owing to their prevalence in various ecosystems. In nature, pesticide remainders are subjected to the chemical, physical, and biochemical degradation process, but because of its elevated stability and some cases water solubility, the pesticide residues persist in the ecosystem. The removal of pesticides has been performed through several techniques classified under biological, chemical, physical, and physicochemical process of remediation from different types of matrices, such as water and soil. This review provides a description of older and newer techniques and materials developed to remove specific pesticides according to previous classification, which range from bioremediation with microorganisms, clay, activated carbon, and polymer materials to chemical treatment based on oxidation processes. Some types of pesticides that have been removed successfully to large and small scale include, organophosphorus, carbamates, organochlorines, chlorophenols, and synthetic pyrethroids, among others. The most important characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of techniques and materials for removing pesticides are described in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Marican
- Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources, Universidad de Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Esteban F Durán-Lara
- Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources, Universidad de Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile.
- Núcleo Científico Multidisciplinario, Dirección de Investigación, Universidad de Talca, 3460000, Talca, Chile.
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