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Yao M, Chen T, Ran Z, Li T, Chen H, Li W. Integral evaluation of production safety and genotoxicity of recycling residual sludge for drinking water treatment plants. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:1225-1236. [PMID: 32928064 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1824021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recycling residual sludge in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) may release excessive heavy metals and organic matter, which are substances of concern because of their toxic and carcinogenic potential. The aim of this study was to investigate potential genotoxic, cytotoxic, and mutagenic effects of recycled residual sludge in terms of quality of water in potable water works. Genotoxic effects of reusing residual sludge were evaluated using: the Ames test, sperm abnormality test in mice, micronucleus assay, comet assay, and single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. The results of the Ames assay show that the disinfected water sample displays bacteriostasis at a dose of 7 L/dish regardless of treatment styles, but mutagenicity ratio (MR) < 2 can still be judged as negative. The micronucleus rates of conventional treatment were slightly genotoxic but only at 4 and 40 L/kg·bw, whereas micronucleus rates of filtered water and disinfectant from the recycling process were negative in all of the dose groups. The levels of DNA damage that are caused by different treatment processes were equivalent. Reusing residual sludge for DWTPs did not contribute to the release of genotoxic or mutagenic compounds, but it did have a remarkable effect on saving the drug dose and increasing drinking water yield. Thus, reusing residual sludge for DWTPs should be widely recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yao
- School of Traffic and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong GDH Water Company Limited, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Ran
- School of Traffic and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Shenzhen Water Longgang Water (Group) Co., LTD., Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Haisong Chen
- Shenzhen Water Longgang Water (Group) Co., LTD., Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Li
- School of Traffic and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Qian Y, Hu Y, Chen Y, An D, Westerhoff P, Hanigan D, Chu W. Haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides precursors in filter backwash and sedimentation sludge water during drinking water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 186:116346. [PMID: 32866929 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Haloacetonitriles (HANs) and haloacetamides (HAMs) are nitrogenous disinfection byproducts that are present in filter backwash water (FBW) and sedimentation sludge water (SSW). In many cases FBW and SSW are recycled to the head of drinking water treatment plants. HAN and HAM concentrations in FBW and SSW, without additional oxidants, ranged from 6.8 to 11.6 nM and 2.9 to 3.6 nM of three HANs and four HAMs, respectively. Upon oxidant addition to FBW and SSW under formation potential conditions, concentrations for six HANs and six HAMs ranged from 92.2 to 190.4 nM and 42.2 to 95.5 nM, respectively. Therefore, at common FBW and SSW recycle rates (2 to 10% of treated water flows), the precursor levels in these recycle waters should not be ignored because they are comparable to levels present in finished water. Brominated HAN and chlorinated HAM were the dominant species in FBW and SSW, respectively. The lowest molecular weight ultrafiltration fraction (< 3 kDa) contributed the most to HAN and HAM formations. The hydrophilic (HPI) organic fraction contributed the greatest to HAN precursors in sand-FBW and SSW and were the most reactive HAM precursors in both sand- or carbon-FBWs. Fluorescence revealed that aromatic protein-like compounds were dominant HAN and HAM precursors. Therefore, strategies that remove low molecular weight hydrophilic organic matter and aromatic protein-like compounds will minimize HAN and HAM formations in recycled FBW and SSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkun Qian
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, China
| | - Dong An
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States
| | - David Hanigan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0258, United States
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Centre for International Research of Sustainable Urban Water System, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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Feasibility of Reuse Filter Backwash Water as Primary/Aid Coagulant in Coagulation–Sedimentation Process for Tertiary Wastewater Treatment. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Serra T, Barcelona A, Soler M, Colomer J. Daphnia magna filtration efficiency and mobility in laminar to turbulent flows. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:626-633. [PMID: 29195209 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Daphnia are filter feeder organisms that prey on small particles suspended in the water column. Since Daphnia individuals can feed on wastewater particles, they have been recently proposed as potential organisms for tertiary wastewater treatment. However, analysing the effects of hydrodynamics on Daphnia individuals has scarcely been studied. This study focuses then, on quantifying the filtration and swimming velocities of D. magna individuals under different hydrodynamic conditions. Both D. magna filtration and movement responded differently if the flow was laminar or if it was turbulent. In a laminar-dominated flow regime Daphnia filtration was enhanced up to 2.6 times that of a steady flow, but in the turbulent-dominated flow regime D. magna filtration was inhibited. In the laminar flow regime D. magna individuals moved freely in all directions, whereas in the turbulent flow regime they were driven by the streamlines of the flow. A model based on Daphnia-particle encountering revealed that the filtration efficiency in the laminar regime was driven by the length of the D. magna individuals and the shear rate imposed by the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Serra
- University of Girona, Department of Physics, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Aina Barcelona
- University of Girona, Department of Physics, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marçal Soler
- University of Girona, Department of Physics, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Colomer
- University of Girona, Department of Physics, 17003 Girona, Spain
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Crovadore J, Soljan V, Calmin G, Chablais R, Cochard B, Lefort F. Metatranscriptomic and metagenomic description of the bacterial nitrogen metabolism in waste water wet oxidation effluents. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00427. [PMID: 29062974 PMCID: PMC5647474 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is a common method for reducing the amount of sludge solids in used waters and enabling biogas production. The wet oxidation process (WOX) improves anaerobic digestion by converting carbon into methane through oxidation of organic compounds. WOX produces effluents rich in ammonia, which must be removed to maintain the activity of methanogens. Ammonia removal from WOX could be biologically operated by aerobic granules. To this end, granulation experiments were conducted in 2 bioreactors containing an activated sludge (AS). For the first time, the dynamics of the microbial community structure and the expression levels of 7 enzymes of the nitrogen metabolism in such active microbial communities were followed in regard to time by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. It was shown that bacterial communities adapt to the wet oxidation effluent by increasing the expression level of the nitrogen metabolism, suggesting that these biological activities could be a less costly alternative for the elimination of ammonia, resulting in a reduction of the use of chemicals and energy consumption in sewage plants. This study reached a strong sequencing depth (from 4.4 to 7.6 Gb) and enlightened a yet unknown diversity of the microorganisms involved in the nitrogen pathway. Moreover, this approach revealed the abundance and expression levels of specialised enzymes involved in nitrification, denitrification, ammonification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and nitrogen fixation processes in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Crovadore
- Plants and pathogens group, Institute Land Nature and Environment, Hepia, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 150 route de Presinge, 1254 Jussy, Switzerland
| | - Vice Soljan
- Puratis Sàrl, EPFL Innovation Park, Building C, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gautier Calmin
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Rue de la Jeunesse 1, 2800 Delémont, Switzerland
| | - Romain Chablais
- Plants and pathogens group, Institute Land Nature and Environment, Hepia, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 150 route de Presinge, 1254 Jussy, Switzerland
| | - Bastien Cochard
- Plants and pathogens group, Institute Land Nature and Environment, Hepia, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 150 route de Presinge, 1254 Jussy, Switzerland
| | - François Lefort
- Plants and pathogens group, Institute Land Nature and Environment, Hepia, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 150 route de Presinge, 1254 Jussy, Switzerland
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Tan Y, Lin T, Jiang F, Dong J, Chen W, Zhou D. The shadow of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), a typical nitrogenous disinfection by-product (N-DBP), in the waterworks and its backwash water reuse. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:569-578. [PMID: 28467950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) is one of nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) with strong cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. In this study, the formation potential (FP) of DCAN was investigated in the samples of six important water sources located in the Yangtze River Delta. The highest formation concentration of DCAN was 9.05 μg/L in the water sample taken from Taihu Lake with the lowest SUVA value. After the NOM fractionation, the conversion rate of hydrophilic fraction to DCAN was found the highest. Subsequently, a waterworks using Taihu Lake as water source was chosen to research the FP variations of DCAN in the treatment process and backwash water. The results showed that, compared to the conventional treatment process, O/biological activated carbon (BAC) process increased the removal efficiency of DCAN from 21.89% to 50.58% by removing aromatic protein and soluble biological by-products as main precursors of DCAN. The DCAN FP in the effluent of BAC filters using old granular activated carbon was higher than that in the influent and the DCAN FP of its backwash water was lower than that in raw water. In the backwash water of sand filters, the DCAN FP higher than raw water required the recycle ratio less than 5% to avoid the accumulation of DCAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Fuchun Jiang
- Suzhou City Water Company Limited, Suzhou, 215002, PR China
| | - Jian Dong
- Suzhou City Water Company Limited, Suzhou, 215002, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Dongju Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
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Hou B, Lin T, Chen W. Evaluation of a drinking water treatment process involving directly recycling filter backwash water using physico-chemical analysis and toxicity assay. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14912j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recycling the filter backwash water of a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) was considered as a feasible method to enhance the efficiencies of pollutant removal and water conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- PR China
- College of Environment
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- PR China
- College of Environment
| | - Wei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- PR China
- College of Environment
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