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Li H, Meng F, Leng Y, Li A. Emergency response to ecological protection in maritime phenol spills: Emergency monitor, ecological risk assessment, and reduction. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116073. [PMID: 38325202 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Recently, hundreds of maritime accidental spills of hazardous chemicals have raised public concerns, especially for phenol due to its potential of spills and highly toxicity. Therefore, for marine ecological protection, this article prepared specific strategies of emergency response to phenol spills. Through the identification for phenol behavior at sea, migration prediction, emergency monitor, as well as their new methods were reviewed. Further, ecological risk assessment and seawater quality criteria were conducted by using a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach, wherein, risk quotient (RQ) indicated phenol of simulated marine spills posed a high risk (RQ > 1) in 30 days. The method with eco-friendliness and high-efficiency for phenol reduction was constructed by combination of dredging equipment such as pneumatic dredgers (Airlift) and bioremediation, where marine microorganisms that degraded phenol were summarized, as well as future research needs. This study provided a guidance for emergency response and policy development of phenol spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yu Leng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Aifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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2
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Varamogianni-Mamatsi D, Nunes MJ, Marques V, Anastasiou TI, Kagiampaki E, Vernadou E, Dailianis T, Kalogerakis N, Branco LC, Rodrigues CMP, Sobral RG, Gaudêncio SP, Mandalakis M. Comparative Chemical Profiling and Antimicrobial/Anticancer Evaluation of Extracts from Farmed versus Wild Agelas oroides and Sarcotragus foetidus Sponges. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:612. [PMID: 38132933 PMCID: PMC10744379 DOI: 10.3390/md21120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are highly efficient in removing organic pollutants and their cultivation, adjacent to fish farms, is increasingly considered as a strategy for improving seawater quality. Moreover, these invertebrates produce a plethora of bioactive metabolites, which could translate into an extra profit for the aquaculture sector. Here, we investigated the chemical profile and bioactivity of two Mediterranean species (i.e., Agelas oroides and Sarcotragus foetidus) and we assessed whether cultivated sponges differed substantially from their wild counterparts. Metabolomic analysis of crude sponge extracts revealed species-specific chemical patterns, with A. oroides and S. foetidus dominated by alkaloids and lipids, respectively. More importantly, farmed and wild explants of each species demonstrated similar chemical fingerprints, with the majority of the metabolites showing modest differences on a sponge mass-normalized basis. Furthermore, farmed sponge extracts presented similar or slightly lower antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, compared to the extracts resulting from wild sponges. Anticancer assays against human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) revealed marginally active extracts from both wild and farmed S. foetidus populations. Our study highlights that, besides mitigating organic pollution in fish aquaculture, sponge farming can serve as a valuable resource of biomolecules, with promising potential in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Varamogianni-Mamatsi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion Crete, Greece; (D.V.-M.); (T.I.A.); (E.K.); (E.V.); (T.D.)
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria João Nunes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.J.N.); (L.C.B.)
| | - Vanda Marques
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.M.); (C.M.P.R.)
| | - Thekla I. Anastasiou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion Crete, Greece; (D.V.-M.); (T.I.A.); (E.K.); (E.V.); (T.D.)
| | - Eirini Kagiampaki
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion Crete, Greece; (D.V.-M.); (T.I.A.); (E.K.); (E.V.); (T.D.)
| | - Emmanouela Vernadou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion Crete, Greece; (D.V.-M.); (T.I.A.); (E.K.); (E.V.); (T.D.)
| | - Thanos Dailianis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion Crete, Greece; (D.V.-M.); (T.I.A.); (E.K.); (E.V.); (T.D.)
| | - Nicolas Kalogerakis
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece;
| | - Luís C. Branco
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.J.N.); (L.C.B.)
| | - Cecília M. P. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.M.); (C.M.P.R.)
| | - Rita G. Sobral
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana P. Gaudêncio
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Manolis Mandalakis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion Crete, Greece; (D.V.-M.); (T.I.A.); (E.K.); (E.V.); (T.D.)
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3
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Li H, Meng F, Li A. Ecological risk assessment for xylenes and propylbenzenes in aquatic environment using a species sensitivity distribution approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 261:115106. [PMID: 37290297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Xylenes and propylbenzenes (PBZs) are volatile aromatic hydrocarbons with high aquatic toxicity. Xylenes can be present in three isomers: o-xylene (OX), m-xylene (MX), and p-xylene (PX), while PBZs include two isomers: n-propylbenzene (n-PBZ) and isopropylbenzene (i-PBZ). Their accidental spills and improper discharges from petrochemical industries can cause severe contamination in water bodies posing potential ecological risks. In this study, the published acute toxicity data of these chemicals for aquatic species were collected to calculate hazardous concentrations protecting 95% species (HC5) using a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach. The acute HC5 values for OX, MX, PX, n-PBZ, and i-PBZ were estimated to be 1.73, 3.05, 1.23, 1.22, and 1.46 mg/L, respectively. The risk quotient (RQ) values calculated based on HC5 indicated their high risk (RQ: 1.23 ∼ 21.89) in groundwater, but low risk (RQ < 0.1) in natural seawater, river water, and lake water. When xylenes or PBZs leaked into the sea, they were expected to pose a high risk (RQ > 1) at the start and then a low risk (RQ < 0.1) after 10 days due to natural attenuation. These results may help to derive more reliable protection thresholds for xylenes and PBZs in aquatic environment and provide a basis for evaluating their ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Aifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Zhang B, Meng F, Li D. Intermediates formed during natural attenuation of C9 aromatics under simulated marine conditions: Identification, transformation pathway, and toxicity to microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112558. [PMID: 34932976 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
C9 aromatics - benzene hydrocarbon containing nine carbon atoms among - leakage accident has caused serious damage to the marine ecology near Quangang District, Fujian Province, China. The ecological restoration of the accident sea area is basically realized through natural attenuation. To determine whether the natural attenuation of C9 aromatics in the marine environment will generate highly toxic intermediates, and thus cause more serious harm to marine ecology, the intermediates of C9 aromatics (n-propylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, 2-ethyltoluene, 3-ethyltoluene, 4-ethyltoluene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and indene) in the process of natural attenuation were studied under the marine conditions simulated by a microcosm. The acute toxic effects of 12 intermediates with longer residual time on Phaeodactylum tricornutum were also ascertained. Twenty natural attenuation intermediates of C9 aromatics were identified. These products primarily include the derivatives of phenols, aromatic alcohols, aromatic aldehydes, aromatic ketones, and aromatic acids, as well as an aromatic lactone compound. No intermediates of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and indene during the attenuation process were determined. The indirect photooxidation initiated by hydroxyl radical might play an essential role in the formation of intermediates of C9 aromatic. Based on the 96-h EC50 values for P. tricornutum, the toxicity of the 12 intermediates, in descending order, was: 4-ethylphenol, 2-methylacetophenone, 2,3-dimethylbenzyl alcohol, 4-methylacetophenone, 3-methylacetophenone, 1-phenyl-1-propanol, 1-(2-methylphenyl) ethanol, 2-phenyl-2-propanol, 3,4-dimethylbenzoic acid, 2,4-dimethylbenzoic acid, 2,5-dimethylbenzoic acid, then 4-tolylacetic acid. The 96-h EC50 values of the intermediates of C9 aromatics to P. tricornutum ranged from 8.4 to 199.1 mg/L, which were lower than that of their corresponding parent compound. The findings provided essential fundamental insights for the assessment of marine environmental risk of C9 aromatics leakage accidents, and subsequent emergency disposal countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Dawei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, Qingdao, PR China
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Li D, Wu J, Liu J, Li A, Meng F. Natural attenuation characteristics and comprehensive toxicity changes of C9 aromatics under simulated marine conditions. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 109:26-35. [PMID: 34607671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microcosmic experiments were performed under a simulated marine environment to investigate the natural attenuation of C9 aromatics using nine components (propylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, 2-ethyltoluene, 3-ethyltoluene, 4-ethyltoluene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and indene). This research aims to assess the contribution of biodegradation and abiotic activity to total attenuation of C9 aromatics and ascertain the changes in the comprehensive toxicity of seawater in the natural environment. The process of natural attenuation indicates the agreement with pseudo-first-order kinetics for all nine components in microcosmic experiments. The half-lives of the nine main compounds in C9 aromatics ranged between 0.34 day and 0.44 day under optimal conditions. The experiments showed that the natural attenuation of nine aromatic hydrocarbons mainly occurred via abiotic processes. Seawater samples significantly inhibited the luminescence of P. phosphoreum (the luminescence inhibition ratio reached 100%) at the beginning of the experiment. In addition, the toxicity declined slowly and continued for 25 days. The attenuation kinetics and changes in toxicity could be applied to explore the natural attenuation of C9 aromatics in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiangyue Wu
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100194, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Aifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Duan W, Du S, Meng F, Peng X, Peng L, Lin Y, Wang G, Wu J. The pathways by which the marine diatom Thalassiosira sp. OUC2 biodegrades p-xylene, combined with a mechanistic analysis at the proteomic level. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110687. [PMID: 32361489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A marine diatom, Thalassiosira sp. OUC2, was isolated from natural seawater collected from Daya Bay, China. This diatom degraded 1.25-40 mg L-1p-xylene within five days, at a removal efficiency exceeding 98%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis indicated that p-xylene was converted into 4-methylbenzyl alcohol, p-toluic acid, and p-cresol in the presence of strain OUC2. Meanwhile, proteomic analysis showed that, after exposure to p-xylene, several algal enzymes were significantly upregulated: including monooxygenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, benzaldehyde dehydrogenase, benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase, and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase. Moreover, ecotoxicological tests suggested that the intermediate metabolites were less toxic than the parent compound (p-xylene). Thalassiosira sp. OUC2 may thus be suitable for the remediation of p-xylene-contaminated marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Shuhao Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaoling Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Lihong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yufei Lin
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guoshan Wang
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiangyue Wu
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, PR China
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Biodegradation of 3-chlorobenzoic acid with electron shuttle systems: pathways and molecular identification. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2471-2480. [PMID: 32613418 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A synergy of biodegradation and electron shuttle systems is a promising strategy for eliminating pollutants including chlorinated aromatic compounds. The present work studies the degradation products of 3-chlorobenzoic acid by Pseudomonas putida in the presence of an electron shuttle system (ESS) composed of citrate and pyruvate as electron donors and the pollutant as an electron acceptor. Chromatographic results showed different pathways involved in the biodegradation process under the influence of electron shuttle systems. These routes depend on oxidation and reduction reactions for output byproducts to be easily mineralized by the bacterium under investigation. A nucleotide sequence with about 380 bp of a ton B gene was detected in P. putida and it resembles Escherichia coli Ton B. The relatedness tree of the selected gene reveals a high similarity and is comparable to P. aeruginosa (100%) and the highest variation with that of P. citronellolis (21.99%). Accordingly, in the presence of electron shuttle systems, the genes responsible for bacterial influx were activated to ease the biodegradation process. In an application model, the remediated-water samples were handled by two recycling processes using Scenedesmus obliquus and Trigonella foenum-graecum to evaluate the efficiency of this non-conventional treatment. In conclusion, this strategy succeeded in remediating the polluted water with chlorinated aromatic compounds for further applications.
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Nascimento MKS, Loureiro S, Souza MRDR, Alexandre MDR, Nilin J. Toxicity of a mixture of monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTX) to a tropical marine microcrustacean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111272. [PMID: 32510411 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the toxicity of benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX), isolated and in binary mixtures to Mysidopsis juniae. The organisms were exposed to BTX, and combined effect patterns were predicted by applying the theoretical models of Concentration Addition and Independent Action. According to the LC50 of the isolated compounds, xylene (16.1 ± 2.4 mg L-1) was considered the most toxic, followed by toluene (38.0 ± 5.3 mg L-1) and, lastly, benzene (78.0 ± 2.9 mg L-1). The binary combinations showed deviations from additivity, with exposure to the xylene-benzene mixture presenting as antagonistic, while the xylene-toluene and toluene-benzene mixtures were better explained by a dose ratio deviation, with toluene being responsible for the antagonistic pattern. This study provides new insights into toxicity prediction of a BTX mixture, which adds value to the risk assessment procedure over evaluation of chemical hazards on a case-by-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meggie Karoline Silva Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Michel Rubens Dos Reis Souza
- Graduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300 - Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marcelo da Rosa Alexandre
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jeamylle Nilin
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Biology Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Ceará, s/n Bloco D sala 28, 38405-302 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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9
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Li F, Duan W, Du S, Meng F, Peng X, Peng L, Lin Y, Wu J, Wang G. Toxicological Assessment of Intermediates in Natural Attenuation of p-Xylene to Marine Microalgae. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:441-446. [PMID: 31201469 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of p-xylene, 4-methylbenzyl alcohol, p-methyl benzaldehyde, and p-toluic acid on two marine microalgae (Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, and Skeletonema costatum) were investigated. p-Xylene was the most toxic to Pha. tricornutum with a 96 h EC50 value of 6.76 mg L-1. Based on the 96 h EC50 values for two microalgae, the toxicity of the four chemicals, in descending order, was: p-xylene, p-methyl benzaldehyde, 4-methylbenzyl alcohol, then p-toluic acid. The results showed that the toxicity of the transformed products of p-xylene was lower than that of p-xylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhao Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoling Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Lin
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People'S Republic of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangyue Wu
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People'S Republic of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoshan Wang
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People'S Republic of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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