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Zhou L, Wu F, Lai Y, Zhao B, Zhang W, Rittmann BE. Cooperation and competition between denitrification and chromate reduction in a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 259:121870. [PMID: 38843627 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Competition and cooperation between denitrification and Cr(VI) reduction in a H2-based membrane biofilm reactor (H2-MBfR) were documented over 55 days of continuous operation. When nitrate (5 mg N/L) and chromate (0.5 mg Cr/L) were fed together, the H2-MBfR maintained approximately 100 % nitrate removal and 60 % chromate Cr(VI) removal, which means that nitrate outcompeted Cr(VI) for electrons from H2 oxidation. Removing nitrate from the influent led to an immediate increase in Cr(VI) removal (to 92 %), but Cr(VI) removal gradually deteriorated, with the removal ratio dropping to 14 % after five days. Cr(VI) removal resumed once nitrate was again added to the influent. 16S rDNA analyses showed that bacteria able to carry out H2-based denitrification and Cr(VI) reduction were in similar abundances throughout the experiment, but gene expression for Cr(VI)-reduction and export shifted. Functional genes encoding for energy-consuming chromate export (encoded by ChrA) as a means of bacterial resistance to toxicity were more abundant than genes encoding for the energy producing Cr(VI) respiration via the chromate reductase ChrR-NdFr. Thus, Cr(VI) transport and resistance to Cr(VI) toxicity depended on H2-based denitrification to supply energy. With Cr(VI) being exported from the cells, Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) was sustained. Thus, cooperation among H2-based denitrification, Cr(VI) export, and Cr(VI) reduction led to sustained Cr(VI) removal in the presence of nitrate, even though Cr(VI) reduction was at a competitive disadvantage for utilizing electrons from H2 oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Fei Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yongzhou Lai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bikai Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States of America.
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Zhou L, Dong N, Ye B, Zhuang WQ, Xia S. Assessing effects of Ca 2+ addition on membrane bioreactor performance and macro-floc sludge characteristics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149223. [PMID: 34375270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) can trigger coagulation-flocculation process to form macro-flocculated sludge (MFS). Thus, dosing Ca2+-containing reagents into membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is considered as a promising approach to mitigate membrane biofouling. However, a mechanistic understanding of Ca2+ addition to MBR performance remains elucidated, such as physicochemical characteristics of MFS and their functionality variations. Consequently, this study was sought to understand the interplays of Ca2+ addition and MBR performance with a focus on characterizing MFS in detail. Three parallel MBRs were amended with 82, 208 and 410 mg-Ca2+/L final concentrations. Particle size analyses revealed that MFS formation was overall enhanced by the Ca2+ addition and granular sludge with diameters of up to 900 μm was formed in the 410 mg-Ca2+/L scenario. We believed that cationic bridges facilitated by elevated Ca2+ concentrations in conjunction with coagulation-flocculation were primary mechanisms of the formation of large flocs. Moreover, significant portions of soluble proteins and polysaccharides were flocculated and precipitated by Ca2+, which demonstrated a negative correlation between extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations and the formation of MFS. Furthermore, the population abundancies of Thiotrichaceae, Sphingomonadales and Hyphomicrobiaceae decreased in the sludge with Ca2+ addition resulted in profound changes of the microbial communities in the MBRs. But MBR performance, such as chemical oxygen demand removal (over 90%), showed no variation during the MBR operation. On the contrary, total nitrogen removal was inhibited in the MBRs. It was because the enlarging MFS formed diffusion barriers to prevent organic component from entering into the sludge flocs to be consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Nan Dong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Biao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, PR China
| | - Wei-Qin Zhuang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, PR China.
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How the Soil Microbial Communities and Activities Respond to Long-Term Heavy Metal Contamination in Electroplating Contaminated Site. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020362. [PMID: 33673105 PMCID: PMC7918637 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of long-term heavy metal contamination on the soil biological processes and soil microbial communities were investigated in a typical electroplating site in Zhangjiakou, China. It was found that the soil of the electroplating plant at Zhangjiakou were heavily polluted by Cr, Cr (VI), Ni, Cu, and Zn, with concentrations ranged from 112.8 to 9727.2, 0 to 1083.3, 15.6 to 58.4, 10.8 to 510.0 and 69.6 to 631.6 mg/kg, respectively. Soil urease and phosphatase activities were significantly inhibited by the heavy metal contamination, while the microbial biomass carbon content and the bacterial community richness were much lower compared to noncontaminated samples, suggesting that the long-term heavy metal contamination had a severe negative effect on soil microorganisms. Differently, soil dehydrogenase was promoted in the presence of Chromate compared to noncontaminated samples. This might be due to the enrichment of Sphingomonadaceae, which have been proven to be able to secrete dehydrogenase. The high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene documented that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial phyla in the contaminated soil. The Spearman correlation analysis showed the Methylobacillus, Muribaculaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae were able to tolerate high concentrations of Cr, Cr (VI), Cu, and Zn, indicating their potential in soil remediation.
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Reactivity of carbon spheres templated Ce/LaCo0.5Cu0.5O3 in the microwave induced H2O2 catalytic degradation of salicylic acid: Characterization, kinetic and mechanism studies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 574:74-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wang Y, Yu L, Wang R, Wang Y, Zhang X. A novel cellulose hydrogel coating with nanoscale Fe 0 for Cr(VI) adsorption and reduction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138625. [PMID: 32315860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel cellulose hydrogel coating nanoscale Fe0 (CH@nFe0) was synthesized and utilized to improve the dispersibility and oxidation resistance of nFe0. The composition and structure of CH@nFe0 were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after its reaction with Cr(VI). The performance of CH@nFe0 in the removal of Cr(VI) was evaluated through a comparative experiment between nFe0 and CH. The influence of the initial concentration of Cr(VI), temperature, dosage, and the initial pH of the solution were also evaluated in this reaction system. The results showed that CH@nFe0 allowed a higher Cr(VI) removal rate compared to nFe0 and CH. This might have derived from an enhanced reduction and adsorption of Cr(VI) by CH. Meanwhile, the network structure of the cellulose hydrogel served as a mass-transfer channel between Cr(VI) and nFe0. In addition, the increase of the initial solution pH minimized the removal of Cr(VI). This mechanism revealed that CH coating resulted in an enhancement of the adsorption capability and reducibility of CH@nFe0 with respect to Cr(VI). The CH@nFe0 composite is characterized by an advantageous mesoporous network structure and functional groups of amide and carboxylic acid, which provide additional active sites and promote mass transfer. This new three-dimensional (3-D) cellulose hydrogel coating containing nFe0 can be effectively used for the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lan Yu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ruotong Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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Zhou L, Zhang W, De Costa YG, Zhuang WQ, Yi S. Assessing inorganic components of cake layer in A/O membrane bioreactor for physical-chemical treated tannery effluent. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126220. [PMID: 32120146 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an anoxic-oxic membrane bioreactor (A/O-MBR), was used to treat effluent tannery wastewater pretreated by physicochemical processes. The A/O-MBR performed well during the experimental period and was able to produce a high-quality effluent containing 90 ± 10 mg-CODcr/L and 0.5 ± 0.1 mg-NH4+-N/L. However, it was observed that at rates of approximately 1.02 kPa/day and 1.2 μm/day, both transmembrane pressure (TMP) and thickness of cake layer increased during wastewater treatment. The eventual thickness of the cake layer was between 47.8 and 51.5 μm. Furthermore, an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer, used to analyze inorganic components of the cake layer, revealed that four inorganic elements, Cr, Ca, Mg and Al were predominant (weight percentage rate 4:13:10:72). Due to low solubility (Cr(OH)3: Ksp 6.3 × 10-31; Al(OH)3: Ksp 6.3 × 10-19), the elements of Cr and Al mainly existed in the forms of Cr(OH)3 and Al(OH)3, respectively. Other minerals in the cake layer included Al2O3, CaCO3, and MgCO3. Additionally, using an SEM-EDX (Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analyzer), we discovered that inorganic particles that formed within the activated sludge of the A/O-MBR steadily accumulating on the membrane surface, resulted in an evenly distributed inorganic layer which could be observed along the cross-sections of the cake layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yashika G De Costa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Wei-Qin Zhuang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Shan Yi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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Liu Z, Zhu X, Liang P, Zhang X, Kimura K, Huang X. Distinction between polymeric and ceramic membrane in AnMBR treating municipal wastewater: In terms of irremovable fouling. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bella GD, Trapani DD. A Brief Review on the Resistance-in-Series Model in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs). MEMBRANES 2019; 9:E24. [PMID: 30717246 PMCID: PMC6409801 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cake layer deposited on the membrane modules of membrane bioreactors (MBRs), especially under a submerged configuration, represents a relevant and fundamental mechanism deeply influencing the development of membrane fouling. It negatively affects the total resistance to filtration, while exerting a positive effect as a "pre-filter" promoting the "dynamic membrane" that protects the physical membrane from internal fouling. These two opposite phenomena should be properly managed, where the submerged membranes are usually subjected to a periodical cake layer removal through ordinary (permeate backwashing and air scouring) and/or irregular cleaning actions (manual physical cleaning). In this context, the physical removal of the cake layer is needed to maintain the design filtration characteristics. Nevertheless, the proper evaluation of the effect of physical cleaning operations is still contradictory and under discussion, referring in particular to the correct evaluation of fouling mechanisms. The aim of the present work was to summarize the different aspects that influence the fouling investigations, based on simple models for the evaluation of the resistance to filtration due to the cake layer, through physical cleaning operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Di Bella
- Facoltà di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università degli Studi di Enna "Kore", Cittadella universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy.
| | - Daniele Di Trapani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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