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Muambo KE, Im H, Macha FJ, Oh JE. Reproductive toxicity and molecular responses induced by telmisartan in Daphnia magna at environmentally relevant concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 359:124525. [PMID: 39004206 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
With aging population increasing globally, the use of pharmaceutically active compounds is rising. The cardiovascular drug telmisartan has been widely detected in various environmental compartments, including biota, surface waters, and sewage treatment plant effluents at concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L levels. This study evaluated the effects of telmisartan on the microcrustacean Daphnia magna at a wide range of concentrations (0.35, 0.70, 1.40, 500, and 1000 μg/L) and revealed significant ecotoxicological implications of this drug, even at environmentally relevant concentration. Acute exposure to telmisartan (1.40, 500, and 1000 μg/L) resulted in a notable decrease in heart rate, while chronic exposure accelerated the time to the first brood by 3 days and reduced neonate body size. Molecular investigations revealed marked downregulation of vitellogenin genes (Vtg1 and Vtg2). Non-monotonic dose responses were observed for gene expression, early-stage body length, and the total number of offspring produced, while the heart rate and time to the first brood showed clear concentration-dependent responses. These findings highlight the potential risks, notably to reproductive capacity, associated with exposure to telmisartan in environmentally relevant concentration, suggesting the need for further studies on the potential long-term ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Etombi Muambo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjoon Im
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Fulgence Jacob Macha
- Biocolloids and Surfaces Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea; Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Fu T, Calabrese V, Bancel S, Quéau H, Garnero L, Delorme N, Abbaci K, Salvador A, Chaumot A, Geffard O, Degli-Esposti D, Ayciriex S. ToF-SIMS imaging shows specific lipophilic vitamin alterations in chronic reprotoxicity caused by the emerging contaminant Pravastatin in Gammarus fossarum. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 271:106935. [PMID: 38723468 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Blood lipid-lowering agents, such as Pravastatin, are among the most frequently used pharmaceuticals released into the aquatic environment. Although their effects on humans are very well understood, their consequences on freshwater organisms are not well known, especially in chronic exposure conditions. Gammarus fossarum is commonly used as sentinel species in ecotoxicology because of its sensitivity to a wide range of environmental contaminants and the availability of standardized bioassays. Moreover, there is an increased interest in linking molecular changes in sentinel species, such as gammarids, to observed toxic effects. Here, we performed a reproductive toxicity assay on females exposed to different concentrations of pravastatin (30; 300; 3,000 and 30,000 ng L-1) during two successive reproductive cycles and we applied ToF-SIMS imaging to evaluate the effect of pravastatin on lipid homeostasis in gammarids. Reproductive bioassay showed that pravastatin could affect oocyte development in Gammarus fossarum inducing embryotoxicity in the second reproductive cycle. Mass spectrometry imaging highlighted the disruption in vitamin E production in the oocytes of exposed female gammarids at the second reproductive cycle, while limited alterations were observed in other lipid classes, regarding both production and tissue distribution. The results demonstrated the interest of applying spatially resolved lipidomics by mass spectrometry imaging to assess the molecular effects induced by long-term exposure to environmental pharmaceutical residues in sentinel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fu
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
| | - Valentina Calabrese
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
| | - Sarah Bancel
- INRAEe, UR RiverLy, Ecotoxicology Team, Villeurbanne F-69625, France
| | - Hervé Quéau
- INRAEe, UR RiverLy, Ecotoxicology Team, Villeurbanne F-69625, France
| | - Laura Garnero
- INRAEe, UR RiverLy, Ecotoxicology Team, Villeurbanne F-69625, France
| | - Nicolas Delorme
- INRAEe, UR RiverLy, Ecotoxicology Team, Villeurbanne F-69625, France
| | - Khedidja Abbaci
- INRAEe, UR RiverLy, Ecotoxicology Team, Villeurbanne F-69625, France
| | - Arnaud Salvador
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- INRAEe, UR RiverLy, Ecotoxicology Team, Villeurbanne F-69625, France
| | - Olivier Geffard
- INRAEe, UR RiverLy, Ecotoxicology Team, Villeurbanne F-69625, France
| | | | - Sophie Ayciriex
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne F-69100, France.
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3
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Chen X, Wang X, Huang Y, Zhu Z, Li T, Cai Z, Li M, Gong H, Yan M. Combined effects of microplastics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria on Daphnia magna growth and expression of functional genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166880. [PMID: 37709097 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics could act as vectors for the transport of harmful bacteria, such as pathogens and antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB), but their combined effects have not been reported yet. Here, ARB Shigella flexneri with sulfonamides resistance and micro-polystyrene (micro-PS) were used to investigate their possible combined effects on the growth and expression of functional genes in Daphnia magna. Results showed that micro-PS colonized with S. flexneri were ingested by D. magna and blocked in their intestine after 24 h exposure. Changes were observed in the life history and morphology of D. magna, as well as the expression of functional genes in all treatments, but with no difference in the survival rate. We also determined the expression of six functional genes involved in energy and metabolism (arginine kinase, AK) and oxidative stress response (thioredoxin reductase, TRxR, catalase, CAT, and glutathione S-transferases, GSTs), as well as in growth, development and reproduction (vitellogenin, Vtg1 and ecdysone receptor, EcR). AK and Vtg1 did not show significant differences, however, EcR was down-regulated and the other three genes (TRxR, CAT, GSTs) were up-regulated in the combined-treated group. Antibiotic resistance gene (ARGs) sul1 was detected when exposed to micro-PS colonized with S. flexneri., suggesting that D. magna could acquire resistance genes through microplastic biofilms. These results indicated that MPs could act as a carrier of ARB to transfer ARGs into D. magna, and affect the life history, morphology, and the expression of related functional genes of D. magna, to adapt to the stress caused by MPs and ARB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yuanyin Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Ziying Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Tianmu Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zeming Cai
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Minqian Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Han Gong
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Muting Yan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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Liu S, Zhang J, Li R, Zhang C, Wang L, Liang H, Feng G, Xiong D. Triazophos exposure on maternal Daphnia magna at environmental-related concentrations revealed toxic effects to its offspring. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105607. [PMID: 37945248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to chemical and photochemical stability, triazophos has been frequently detected in rivers and oceans over the years with extensive use for pest control in agriculture, and it has become a worldwide ecological concern to the aquatic environment. Until now, fewer data are available regarding the potential long-term adverse effects of triazophos on aquatic invertebrates, which plays an essential role in aquatic food webs, as a key group for water ecosystems. In this experiment, the F1- and F2 progenies of Daphnia magna were recovered when daphnias (F0) exposure to triazophos at environmental-related concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 μg/L) for 21 d; and the indexes related to phenotypic traits, reproduction and gene expression were measured in tested animals. The results showed that heart rate and total number of neonates in exposed F0-daphnias were significantly lower than those of control group, and the detoxification genes (HR96 and P-gp) were up-regulated while genes related reproduction (Vtg) and molting (Nvd and Shd) were significantly down-regulated. The heart rate and individual size of F1-daphnias (<24 h) were significantly reduced in the treatment group. After 21-d recovery, the heart rate and expression of HR96, P-gp, Vtg, Nvd and Shd were declined in F1-daphnias. There was no obvious difference of morphological traits and heart rate between treatment and control in F2-daphnias (<24 h). In summary, daphnias (F0) exposure to triazophos with environmental dose could raise toxic effects on its offspring (F1), which is mainly manifested by reduced heart rate, the accumulated number and individual size of offspring and decreased expression of genes related to molting and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoquan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianlu Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ruijiao Li
- Fisheries Research & Technology Extension Center of Shaanxi, Yellow River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Xi'an 710086, China
| | - Chunyun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hao Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guangpeng Feng
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Dongmei Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Bonato T, Picone M, Beggio G, Vecchiato M, Feltracco M, Pivato A, Piazza R. Fragrance materials affect life history parameters and gene expression in Daphnia magna: An emerging issue for freshwater ecosystems. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138786. [PMID: 37121283 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A chronic toxicity test (21 d exposure) with the model organism Daphnia magna was performed to study the single-compound and combined effects of four fragrance materials (FMs), including musk xylene (MX), Celestolide™ (ADBI), Galaxolide™ (HHCB), and ethylene brassylate (MT). Furthermore, the transcriptional responses of ten target genes related to detoxification, molting and reproduction (DHR96, P-gp, CYP360A8, GST, CYP314, EcRb, Vtg, CAT, GPX, and GCLC) were determined by performing a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR) after juvenile D. magna was exposed for 48 h. The results showed that MX, ADBI and HHCB affected development and reproduction after chronic exposure at a concentration of 10 μg L-1. Conversely, MT did not affect reproduction, growth or molting during the 21 d exposure. In juvenile D. magna, gene expression was significantly altered by ADBI (DHR96, CYP260A8, and GCLC) and MX (DHR96, CYP360A8, EcRb, Vtg, CYP314, and GCLC) but not by HHCB. These results suggest that compared to biochemical measures, conventional biological endpoints provide more informative data regarding the effects of this FM. Compared to single substances in the chronic test, the mixture of the four FMs showed effects at lower concentrations and increased gene expression for EcRb and CYP314 during juvenile exposure, indicating a possible additive or synergistic effect of the four FMs compared to single compound exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Bonato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy; Società Estense Servizi Ambientali (S.E.S.A. S.p.A.), 35042, Este, Italy.
| | - Marco Picone
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Giovanni Beggio
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences of the National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Alberto Pivato
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
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6
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Liao H, Gao D, Junaid M, Liu S, Kong C, Chen X, Pan T, Zheng Q, Ai W, Chen G, Wang J. Parental exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces transgenerational growth and reproductive impairments through bioaccumulation in Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163657. [PMID: 37084918 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the aquatic environment may cause unpredictable negative effects on aquatic organisms and even continue to the offspring. This study assessed the transgenerational impacts of parental exposure to PSNPs and DEHP over four generations (F0-F3) of Daphnia magna. A total of 480 D. magna larvae (F0, 24 h old) were divided into four groups with six replicates (each of them contains 20 D. magna) and exposed with dechlorinated tap water (control), 1 mg/L PSNPs, 1 μg/L DEHP, and 1 mg/L PSNPs + 1 μg/L DEHP (PSNPs-DEHP) until spawning begins. Subsequent to exposure, all the surviving F1 offspring were transferred to new water and continued to be cultured until the end of F3 generation births in all groups. The results showed that the PSNPs accumulated in F0 generation and were inherited into F1 and F2 generations, and disappeared in F3 generation in PSNPs and PSNPs-DEHP groups. However, the accumulation of DEHP lasted from F0 generation to F3 generation, despite a significant decline in F2 and F3 generations in DEHP and PSNPs-DEHP groups. The accumulation of PSNPs and DEHP caused overproduction of reactive oxygen species in F0-F2 generations and fat deposition in F0-F3 generations. Additionally, single and in combination parental exposure to PSNPs and DEHP induced regulation of growth-related genes (cyp18a1, cut, sod and cht3) and reproduction-related genes (hr3, ftz-f1, vtg and ecr) in F0-F3 generations. Survival rates were decreased in F0-F1 generations and recovered in F2 generation in all treatment groups. Furthermore, the spawning time was prolonged and the average number of offspring was increased in F1-F2 generaions as a defense mechanism against population mortality. This study fosters a greater comprehension of the transgenerational and reproductive effects and associated molecular mechanisms in D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Liao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shulin Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunmiao Kong
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xikun Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ting Pan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingzhi Zheng
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenjie Ai
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guanglong Chen
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Biophysical and Environmental Science Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Biophysical and Environmental Science Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 528478, China.
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Guo J, Ren J, Chang C, Duan Q, Li J, Kanerva M, Yang F, Mo J. Freshwater crustacean exposed to active pharmaceutical ingredients: ecotoxicological effects and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48868-48902. [PMID: 36884171 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Concerns over the ecotoxicological effects of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) on aquatic invertebrates have been raised in the last decade. While numerous studies have reported the toxicity of APIs in invertebrates, no attempt has been made to synthesize and interpret this dataset in terms of different exposure scenarios (acute, chronic, multigenerational), multiple crustacean species, and the toxic mechanisms. In this study, a thorough literature review was performed to summarize the ecotoxicological data of APIs tested on a range of invertebrates. Therapeutic classes including antidepressants, anti-infectives, antineoplastic agents, hormonal contraceptives, immunosuppressants, and neuro-active drugs exhibited higher toxicity to crustaceans than other API groups. The species sensitivity towards APIs exposure is compared in D. magna and other crustacean species. In the case of acute and chronic bioassays, ecotoxicological studies mainly focus on the apical endpoints including growth and reproduction, whereas sex ratio and molting frequency are commonly used for evaluating the substances with endocrine-disrupting properties. The multigenerational and "Omics" studies, primarily transcriptomics and metabolomics, were confined to a few API groups including beta-blocking agents, blood lipid-lowing agents, neuroactive agents, anticancer drugs, and synthetic hormones. We emphasize that in-depth studies on the multigenerational effects and the toxic mechanisms of APIs on the endocrine systems of freshwater crustacean are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Jingya Ren
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Chao Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Qiannan Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Mirella Kanerva
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 7908577, Japan
| | - Fangshe Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
| | - Jiezhang Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Tamagno WA, Alves C, Vanin AP, Bilibio D, Varela ACC, Mozzato MT, Barcellos LJG. Dietary transference of 17α-ethinylestradiol changes the biochemical and behavioral biomarkers in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 262:109472. [PMID: 36167257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine disruptors (ED), even in low concentration, can change the homeostasis of an organism through the biochemical and physiological pathways; and are gaining more relevance due to their well-reported presence in the natural environment. EDs mainly affect non-target animals, which can bioaccumulate, leading to changes in metabolism. Another problem is due to several organisms that compose the aquatic biota serving as a basis of the food chain and transferring it to higher trophic levels. Here we evaluated the dietary transference of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), in adult zebrafish chronically fed by EE2-bioaccumulated brine shrimp (BS). For this, we evaluated behavioral biomarkers such as the novel tank test (NTT), social preference test (SPT), mirror-induced aggressivity (MIA), and biochemical biomarkers such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CTL), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, cortisol, and lipid peroxidation levels in adult zebrafish. The behavioral effects can be explained by the changed effects on acetylcholinesterase activity as well as in the antioxidant system mainly affected by the high levels of EE2 identified by HPLC shown that had occurred during a dietary transfer for fish. EE2 has a potential pattern for bioaccumulation and dietary transfer in biological tissue and EE2 can affect the behavior of fish. The observed effects could be dangerous to the environment, affecting, other animals and even human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Antonio Tamagno
- Biochemistry Laboratory Prof. Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer Perin of the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Carla Alves
- Biochemistry Laboratory Prof. Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer Perin of the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation and Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Vanin
- Biochemistry Laboratory Prof. Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer Perin of the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denise Bilibio
- Biochemistry Laboratory Prof. Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer Perin of the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Carolina Cole Varela
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus Timbola Mozzato
- Veterinary Medicine Course, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation and Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
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9
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Nkoom M, Lu G, Liu J. Chronic toxicity of diclofenac, carbamazepine and their mixture to Daphnia magna: a comparative two-generational study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58963-58979. [PMID: 35378650 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The chronic toxicity of diclofenac (DCF) and carbamazepine (CBZ) as separate substances and in conjunction with their mixture on Daphnia magna was assessed in the parental (F0) and first filial (F1) generations. The second (F1-B2) and fifth (F1-B5) broods of F1 offspring were investigated and compared. Both drugs and their mixture were exposed to each generation of Daphnia magna for 21 days with life history, behavioural and gene expressions as measured endpoints. After the parental exposure, offspring from these two broods were transferred to a clean medium for a 21-day recovery. Exposure to diclofenac, carbamazepine and their mixture significantly inhibited growth, reproduction, swimming activities, heart rate, thoracic limb activities, reproductive and antioxidant-related genes in the parental as well as the first filial generations. These effects were relatively greater in the F1 generation. This indicates that Daphnia magna's sensitivity improved while its fitness declined over the two generations, which is an indicator of greater energy requirements for maintenance. Besides, the significant inhibition in the antioxidant-related genes implies that oxidative stress occurred in Daphnia magna under the exposure to these drugs. The significant reduction in the reproductive output, moulting frequency and cyp314 gene expression as a result of exposure to CBZ simultaneously obtained herein may indicate that this drug could act as an endocrine disruptor. Most of these significant effects were not recoverable after the 21-day recovery period. The findings reported herein highlight the necessity to include maternal effects in environmental risk assessment processes, considering that pollutant effects are underestimated during single-generational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nkoom
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources, Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
- Department of Environment and Sustainability Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources, Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources, Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
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10
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Liu S, Lin J, Ding R, Nie X. Simvastatin as an emerging pollutant on non-target aquatic invertebrates: effects on antioxidant-related genes in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:52248-52262. [PMID: 35258724 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Simvastatin (SIM) is one of the most widely used lipid-lowering drugs and consequently has been frequently detected in various waters. However, its potential adverse effects and toxic mechanisms on non-target organisms such as Daphnia magna (D. magna) remain still unclear. In the present study, the expressions of Nrf2 and antioxidant genes including Keap1, HO-1, GCLC, GST, SOD, CAT, GPx5, GPx7, GRx, TRX, TrxR, and Prx1 in D. magna exposed to SIM for 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h were investigated. The changes of SOD, CAT, GST, and GPx enzymatic activities, and the GSH and MDA content under SIM for 48-h exposure were also addressed. Results showed that the expression of Nrf2 was inhibited at 24 h but induced at 96 h, displaying a time- and/or dose-dependent relationship under SIM exposure. In contrast, Keap1 exhibited induction at 24 h. HO-1 showed significant induction under SIM exposure for different time. SOD generally displayed an induction trend under SIM exposure for different periods. GPX5 expression showed significant induction under SIM exposure, particularly at 24 h in 5 µg L-1 increasing 15 folds of the control. But GPX7 expression generally displayed inhibition except in 5 µg L-1. Trx and TrxR showed different induction or inhibition, which was depended on the exposure time and concentration. Prx1 displayed significant induction in most SIM groups. In addition, the decreasing GSH and increasing MDA content also indicated oxidative stress of SIM exposure. Overall, SIM exposure affected the expression of Nrf2 and antioxidant-related genes and altered the redox homeostasis of D. magna, even may cause the morphological changes such as shorten spine and abnormal development eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiawei Lin
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiangping Nie
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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11
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhao H, Cai J, Sultan Y, Fang H, Zhang B, Ma J. Effects of polyvinyl chloride microplastics on reproduction, oxidative stress and reproduction and detoxification-related genes in Daphnia magna. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 254:109269. [PMID: 35026397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The drastic increase of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environment has become a serious threat to marine and freshwater ecosystems. However, little information is available regarding the potential detrimental effects of polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs) on aquatic organisms. This study investigated the changes of reproduction parameters, oxidative stress and the expression of reproduction and detoxification-related genes in Daphnia magna after exposed to 2 ± 1 and 50 ± 10 μm PVC-MPs. The results showed that chronic exposure to 2 ± 1 μm PVC-MPs prolonged days to the first brood, increased total number of broods per female and frequency of molting per adult, decreased offspring number at first brood and total number of offspring per female in D. magna. Moreover, 2 ± 1 μm PVC-MPs also disturbed the activities of SOD and CAT, increased GSH and MDA levels. The expression of Vtg, SOD, CAT, CYP314 and CYP360A8 genes also exhibited different response patterns depending on exposure time. Furthermore, 50 ± 10 μm PVC-MPs decreased offspring at first brood and Vtg mRNA level, increased the transcription levels and activities of SOD and CAT. These results suggest that the presence of PVC-MPs in aquatic environment may cause reproduction toxicity by disrupting the reproduction and detoxification-related genes expression and inducing oxidative stress in D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Ecotoxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Ecotoxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Haoyang Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Ecotoxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Ji Cai
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Yousef Sultan
- Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Haiyan Fang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Ecotoxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Bangjun Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Ecotoxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Junguo Ma
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Ecotoxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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12
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Neuparth T, Alves N, Machado AM, Pinheiro M, Montes R, Rodil R, Barros S, Ruivo R, Castro LFC, Quintana JB, Santos MM. Neuroendocrine pathways at risk? Simvastatin induces inter and transgenerational disruption in the keystone amphipod Gammarus locusta. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 244:106095. [PMID: 35121565 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The primary focus of environmental toxicological studies is to address the direct effects of chemicals on exposed organisms (parental generation - F0), mostly overlooking effects on subsequent non-exposed generations (F1 and F2 - intergenerational and F3 transgenerational, respectively). Here, we addressed the effects of simvastatin (SIM), one of the most widely prescribed human pharmaceuticals for the primary treatment of hypercholesterolemia, using the keystone crustacean Gammarus locusta. We demonstrate that SIM, at environmentally relevant concentrations, has significant inter and transgenerational (F1 and F3) effects in key signaling pathways involved in crustaceans' neuroendocrine regulation (Ecdysteroids, Catecholamines, NO/cGMP/PKG, GABAergic and Cholinergic signaling pathways), concomitantly with changes in apical endpoints, such as depressed reproduction and growth. These findings are an essential step to improve hazard and risk assessment of biological active compounds, such as SIM, and highlight the importance of studying the transgenerational effects of environmental chemicals in animals' neuroendocrine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Neuparth
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - N Alves
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A M Machado
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Pinheiro
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Montes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R. Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R. Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Barros
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Quinta de Prados - Ed. Blocos Laboratoriais C1.10, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - R Ruivo
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J B Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R. Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M M Santos
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Lei Y, Guo J, Chen Q, Mo J, Tian Y, Iwata H, Song J. Transcriptomic Alterations in Water Flea ( Daphnia magna) following Pravastatin Treatments: Insect Hormone Biosynthesis and Energy Metabolism. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10030110. [PMID: 35324735 PMCID: PMC8952691 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pravastatin, used for lowering cholesterol and further decreasing blood lipid, has been frequently detected in the contaminated freshwaters, whereas its long-term exposure effects on non-target aquatic invertebrates remains undetermined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of pravastatin (PRA) with the concentration gradients (0, 0.5, 50, 5000 μg/L) on a model water flea Daphnia magna (D. magna) over 21 d based on phenotypic and genome-wide transcriptomic analyses. After 21 d, exposure to PRA at 5000 μg/L significantly reduced the body length and increased the number of offspring. The 76, 167, and 499 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by using absolute log2 fold change < 1 and adj p < 0.05 as a cutoff in the 0.5, 50, and 5000 μg/L PRA treatment groups, respectively. Three pathways, including xenobiotic metabolism, insect hormone biosynthesis pathway, and energy metabolism were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched after exposure to PRA. These suggested that the upregulation of genes in insect biosynthetic hormone pathway increased the juvenile hormone III content, which further reduced the body length of D. magna. The positive effect of methyl farnesoate synthesis on the ovarian may result in the increased number of offspring. Furthermore, energy tended to be allocated to detoxification process and survival under stress conditions, as the amount of energy that an individual can invest in maintenance and growth is limited. Taken together, our results unraveled the toxic mechanism of cardiovascular and lipid pharmaceuticals in aquatic invertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jiahua Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (J.S.); Tel.: +86-189-9233-8259 (J.G.); +86-150-0929-4609 (J.S.)
| | - Qiqi Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jiezhang Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Yulu Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime Prefecture, Japan;
| | - Jinxi Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (J.S.); Tel.: +86-189-9233-8259 (J.G.); +86-150-0929-4609 (J.S.)
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14
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Hu L, Ding R, Nie X. Comparison of toxic effects of atorvastatin and gemfibrozil on Daphnia magna. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109224. [PMID: 34756985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Atorvastatin (ATV) and gemfibrozil (GEM) are two typical lipid-lowering pharmaceuticals with different action modes, which are frequently detected in various water bodies owning to their wide usage. However, there is limited information about their effects on Daphnia magna. The present study addressed and compared the toxic effects of ATV and GEM on D. magna through determining the responses of the stress related genes (including Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, GCLC, p53 and PIG3) in D. magna for 24 h and 48 h acute exposure and the changes of life history traits and swimming behaviors in a 21 days chronic exposure under different concentrations of ATV and GEM exposure (5 μg L-1, 50 μg L-1, 500 μg L-1 and 5000 μg L-1). Results showed that the expression of Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, GCLC, p53 and PIG3 were induced to various degrees under the ATV exposure. There were similar performances for GEM. ATV and GEM caused the delay of first brooding and hatching time and decrease of eggs production number, especially in GEM exposure, reproduction of Daphnia was significantly inhibited, decreasing 38.51% compared to the control. ATV and GEM increased the heart rate of D. magna, and changed swimming behaviors of D. magna. In summary, two lipid-lowering pharmaceuticals caused oxidative stress on D. magna, subsequently brought about alterations in physiological traits. Comparatively, ATV pose more higher risks to D. magna than GEM, but the detailed action mechanisms of ATV and GEM on D. magna needs more investigations in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Hu
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiangping Nie
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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15
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Wan X, Cheng C, Gu Y, Shu X, Xie L, Zhao Y. Acute and chronic toxicity of microcystin-LR and phenanthrene alone or in combination to the cladoceran (Daphnia magna). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112405. [PMID: 34130182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous substances, such as microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and phenanthrene (Phe) are ubiquitous co-contaminants in eutrophic freshwaters, which cause harms to aquatic organisms. However, the risks associated with the co-exposure of aquatic biota to these two chemicals in the environment have received little attention. In this study, the single and mixture toxic effects of MC-LR and Phe mixtures were investigated in Daphnia magna after acute and chronic exposure. Acute tests showed that the median effective concentrations (48 h) for MC-LR, Phe and their mixtures were 13.46, 0.57 and 8.84 mg/L, respectively. Mixture toxicity prediction results indicated that the independent action model was more applicable than the concentration addition model. Moreover, combination index method suggested that the mixture toxicity was concentration dependent. Synergism was elicited at low concentrations of MC-LR and Phe exposure (≤4.04 + 0.17 mg/L), whereas antagonistic or additive effects were induced at higher concentrations. The involved mechanism of antagonism was presumably attributable to the protective effects of detoxification genes activated by high concentrations of MC-LR in mixtures. Additionally, chronic results also showed that exposure to a MC-LR and Phe mixture at low concentrations (≤50 +2 μg/L) resulted in greater toxic effects on D. magna life history than either chemical acting alone. The significant inhibition on detoxification genes and increased accumulation of MC-LR could be accounted for their synergistic toxic effects on D. magna. Our findings revealed the exacerbated ecological hazard of MC-LR and Phe at environmental concentrations (≤50 +2 μg/L), and provided new insights to the potential toxic mechanisms of MC-LR and Phe in aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yurong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiubo Shu
- Hangzhou Water Group Co. Ltd., 168 South Jianguo Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
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16
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Polystyrene Nanoplastics Can Alter the Toxicological Effects of Simvastatin on Danio rerio. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9030044. [PMID: 33652851 PMCID: PMC7996764 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Once in the environment, nanoplastics (NPls) may interact with other contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals, potentially acting as carriers and modulating their toxicity. Thus, the main aim of the current study is to investigate how polystyrene (PS) NPls (mean diameter: 60 nm) interact with simvastatin (SIM), an anticholesterolemic drug, and modulate its toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. PS NPls were carboxyl group functionalized, to promote the interaction/binding of NPls with SIM (worst-case scenarios) and it was fluorescently dyed, allowing to detect the intake. Exposure was 96 h to 0–150 mg/L NPls or 0–150 µg/L SIM, as well as to dual combinations (NPls 0.015 or 1.5 mg/L and SIM 12.5 or 15 µg/L). PS NPls alone did not exert effects whereas SIM (≥12.5 µg/L) significantly delayed the hatching, decreased the heartbeat, induced edemas and mortality. The combination of NPls (1.5 mg/L) and SIM (12.5 or 15 µg/L) had significant effects on the survival of the organisms while the correspondent NPls and SIM single exposures did not have significant effects on this endpoint. Concerning the malformations appearance, SIM alone had similar effects than when in co-exposures (0.015 mg/L NPls plus 12.5 or 15 µg/L SIM). Hatching and heartbeat increased after the co-exposures SIM and NPls comparing with SIM single exposures, showing that 0.015 mg/L NPls plus 12.5 or 15 µg/L SIM did not cause significant effects on these endpoints. This study shows that NPls effects on bioavailability and toxicity of other contaminants cannot be ignored when assessing the environmental behavior and risks of NPls.
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17
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Klementová Š, Petráňová P, Fojtíková P. Photodegradation of Atorvastatin under Light Conditions Relevant to Natural Waters and Photoproducts Toxicity Assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.4236/ojapps.2021.104035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Aksakal FI, Arslan H. Detoxification and reproductive system-related gene expression following exposure to Cu(OH) 2 nanopesticide in water flea (Daphnia magna Straus 1820). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:6103-6111. [PMID: 31863384 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of copper-based nanopesticides in agriculture has led to their release into the aquatic environment and causes a potential risk to aquatic biota. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the possible toxic effect of these nanopesticides on non-target aquatic organisms including invertebrates. Therefore, in this study, effects of commonly used copper-based nanopesticide "Kocide 3000" on gene expression related to detoxification (cyp360a8, gst, P-gp, and hr96) and reproductive system (cut, cyp314, dmrt93, and vtg) in Daphnia magna was investigated through an acute toxicity test. In general, exposure to the nanopesticide caused significant down-regulation of detoxification genes after 24 h and then significant up-regulation after 48 h. Exposure to the nanopesticide, however, significantly induced cut expression after 24 h. Moreover, dmrt93 and vtg genes were up-regulated after 48 h exposure to the nanopesticide. On the other hand, the expression of dmrt93 and vtg down-regulated at high concentration of Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide (1.5 ppm) after 96 h. The results of this study provide first evidence into the crucial role of genes related to detoxification and reproductive system in response to Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide. The use of physiological, biochemical bioassays, as well as gene expression, can help explain the toxic effect of copper-based nanopesticides and provide more insight into the exact mechanism of toxicity in non-target aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Icoglu Aksakal
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Harun Arslan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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