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Leyva-Morales JB, Bastidas-Bastidas PDJ, Salvatierra-Stamp VDC, González-Márquez LC, Davizon YA, Márquez-Pacheco H, Amillano-Cisneros JM, Cruz-Acevedo E, Amézquita-López BA, Romo Gómez C, De la Torre Espinosa ZY, Rodríguez-Aguilar BA. Temporal distribution and ecological risk assessment for pesticides in water from the north-central coastal zone of Sinaloa, Mexico. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35207. [PMID: 39170137 PMCID: PMC11337721 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Water contamination with pesticides is one of the major pollution problems in northwestern Mexico, and this is due to the extensive use of pesticides in agriculture. In this research, water samples of ten sampling sites (fishing grounds, beaches, and both) were analyzed in the search for 28 pesticides (organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, among other chemical classes), supplemented with a calculation of the resulting potential environmental risk. Pesticides were separated from the matrix by liquid-liquid extraction and quantified by gas chromatography coupled to electron micro-capture (organohalogenated) and pulsed flame photometric detectors (organophosphates). In addition, the ecotoxicological risk of pesticides in algae, invertebrates, and fish was assessed, based on seawater pesticide concentrations using the Risk Quotient (RQ) and Toxic Units (TU) approach. The results showed 18 pesticides identified in the analyzed samples, where cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were identified with the maximum concentrations of 1.223 and 0.994 μg L-1, respectively. In addition, these two pesticides have been associated with acute toxic effects on algae, invertebrates, and fish. It is important to pay particular attention to the search for long-term alternatives to the use of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin due to their high detection rates and the risks associated with their toxic properties. However, the adoption of alternative measures to synthetic pesticide control should be a priority, moving towards sustainable practices such as the use of biopesticides, crop rotation and polycultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Belisario Leyva-Morales
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Pedro de Jesús Bastidas-Bastidas
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a Eldorado km. 5.5 Campo el Diez, Culiacán, C.P. 80396, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Carlos González-Márquez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología-Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional Guasave, Av Universidad S/N, Fraccionamiento Villa Universidad, Guasave, C.P. 81048, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Yasser A. Davizon
- Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Av. Tecnológico No. 1340, Fracc. El Crucero, Ciudad Juárez, C.P. 32500, Chihuahua, Mexico
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/ IT de Los Mochis, Juan de Dios, Bátiz y 20 de Noviembre, Los Mochis, C.P. 81259, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Henri Márquez-Pacheco
- Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Politécnica del Mar y la Sierra, Carretera a Potrerillos del Norote km. 3, La Cruz, Elota, C.P. 82700, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jesús Mateo Amillano-Cisneros
- Ingeniería en Agrotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Mar y la Sierra, Carretera a Potrerillos del Norote Km.3, La Cruz, Elota, C.P. 82700, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Edgar Cruz-Acevedo
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Desarrollo Humano, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Bianca Anabel Amézquita-López
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez y Blvd. de las Américas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán, C.P. 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Claudia Romo Gómez
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Zamaria Yoselin De la Torre Espinosa
- Departamento de Salud-Licenciatura en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional Guasave, Av. Universidad S/N, Fraccionamiento Villa Universidad, Guasave, 81048, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Brian Arturo Rodríguez-Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, km 9 carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Coquimatlán, C.P. 28400, Colima, Mexico
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Han G, Bu D, Kong R, Huang K, Liu C. Toxic responses of environmental concentrations of bifenthrin in larval freshwater snail Bellamya aeruginosa. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141863. [PMID: 38579955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Bifenthrin (BF) is ubiquitous in aquatic environments, and studies have indicated that environmental concentrations of BF could cause neurotoxicity and oxidative damage in fish and decrease the abundance of aquatic insects. However, little information is available on the toxicity of BF in freshwater benthic mollusks. Bellamya aeruginosa (B. aeruginosa) is a key benthic fauna species in aquatic ecosystems, and has extremely high economic and ecological values. In this study, larval B. aeruginosa within 24 h of birth were exposed to 0, 30 or 300 ng/L of BF for 30 days, and then the toxic effects from molecular to individual levels were comprehensively evaluated in all the three treatment groups. It was found that BF at 300 ng/L caused the mortality of snails. Furthermore, BF affected snail behaviors, evidenced by reduced crawling distance and crawling speed. The hepatopancreas of snails in the two BF exposure groups showed significant pathological changes, including increase in the number of yellow granules and occurrence of hemocyte infiltration, epithelial cell thinning, and necrosis. The levels of ROS and MDA were significantly increased after exposure to 300 ng/L BF, and the activities of two antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT were increased significantly. GSH content decreased significantly after BF exposure, indicating the occurrence of oxidative damage in snails. Transcriptomic results showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in pathways related to metabolism and neurotoxicity (e.g., oxidative phosphorylation and Parkinson disease), and these results were consistent with those in individual and biochemical levels above. The study indicates that environmental concentration of BF results in decreased survival rates, sluggish behavior, histopathological lesions, oxidative damage, and transcriptomic changes in the larvae of B. aeruginosa. Thus, exposure of larval snails to BF in the wild at concentrations similar to those used in this study might have adverse consequences at the population level. These findings provide a theoretical basis for further assessing the ecological risk of BF to aquatic gastropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixin Han
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dianping Bu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ren Kong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kai Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Kumar A, Jasrotia S, Dutta J, Kyzas GZ. Pyrethroids toxicity in vertebrates and invertebrates and amelioration by bioactive compounds: A review. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105615. [PMID: 37945252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Generations of different synthetic pesticides have been launched over time to maintain balance between production and consumption of the agricultural yield, control various disease programmes, store grains, etc. Pyrethroids, which are supposed to be non-toxic, have been excessively implemented and have contaminated soil and water bodies. Thus, pyrethroids cause severe and dreadful pernicious effects on various life forms residing in soil, air, and water. Various obnoxious effects of pyrethroids have been analyzed in the vertebrate and invertebrate systems of the animal kingdom. Pyrethroids, namely, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Beta-cyfluthrin, Esfenvalerate, Fenvalerate, and Bifenthrin, have set out various types of degenerative and toxic impacts that include oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity involving thymic and splenic toxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, foetal toxicity, alterations in serum calcium and phosphate levels, cerebral and bone marrow degeneration, degeneration of the reproductive system, histological alteration, and DNA damage. Bioactive compounds like Diosmin, Curcumin, Rutin, Spirulina platensis, sesame oil, Naringin, Allicin, Piperine, alpha-lipoic acid, alpha-tocopherol, Cyperus rotundus L. tuber extract, herbal syrup from chicory and artichoke leaves, green tea extract, Quercetin, Trans-ferulic acid, Ascorbic acid, Propolis, ethanolic extract of grape pomace, and Melatonin have been reported to sublime the toxic effects of these pesticides. The expanding harmfulness of pesticides is a real and demanding issue that needs to be overcome, and bioactive compounds have been shown to reduce the toxicity in vivo as well as in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
| | - Shailja Jasrotia
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala GR-654 04, Greece
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4
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Arrighetti F, Landro SM, Lavarías SML. Sensitivity of histopathological and histochemical parameters in the digestive gland of the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata exposed to cypermethrin. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 252:106292. [PMID: 36137307 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of the pesticide cypermethrin (CYP) in the digestive gland of the apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, analysing histological and histochemical alterations. Adult snails were exposed to sublethal CYP concentrations (10, 25, and 100 µg/L) under acute (1 day) and sub-chronic (14 days) conditions. Histological analyses of the morphology of the digestive gland were performed and a histopathological condition index (HI) was calculated. Also, both intracellular accumulation of lipofuscins (LF) and neutral lipids (NL) were evaluated. CYP exposure induced tissue damage to this organ, such as disorganisation of the connective tissue, fibrosis, haemocytic infiltration, atrophy, and necrosis under acute and sub-chronic conditions. These alterations, integrated into a single HI value, revealed notable CYP effects during both acute and sub-chronic exposures. Cell type replacement, measured as VvBAS, was only observed in the sub-chronic treatment. Under acute conditions, the pyrethroid affected NL accumulation at the highest concentration, while in sub-chronic conditions NL accumulation was only observed at the lowest concentrations. P. canaliculata also showed a dose-dependent response of LF under acute CYP exposure conditions. However, under sub-chronic conditions, this parameter was not sensitive to pesticide exposure. All these relevant structural lesions may affect the normal function of the digestive gland, even though the species presented additional mechanisms, as infiltration of hemocyte and basophilic cell hyperplasia, that help it to tolerate the exposure to pollutants. This study showed that some histological and histochemical parameters are sensitive in P. canaliculata at CYP concentrations to which the snail could be exposed in the environments it inhabits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Arrighetti
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Sonia M Landro
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - Sabrina M L Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CCT CONICET La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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Morozov AA, Berezina NA, Sladkova SV, Chernova EN, Yurchenko VV. Biochemical and respiratory parameters in a gastropod Radix balthica exposed to diclofenac. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109240. [PMID: 34752897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac, an anti-inflammatory drug, is often detected in natural waters in the ng/L to μg/L range, posing a threat to aquatic organisms. The study focused on the effects of diclofenac in a gastropod mollusk Radix balthica. A 72-h exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac caused deviations from the baseline activities of the studied enzymes in the digestive gland of snails. Acetylcholinesterase activity was induced by the end of exposure, with the most pronounced increase at 3 μg/L. Results on glutathione-S-transferase activity were nonuniform, and no significant variations were observed in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations, indicating that diclofenac did not cause oxidative stress in the digestive gland of R. balthica at 0.04-4 μg/L range. Diclofenac lowered the oxygen consumption rate in snails in a concentration-dependent manner. At concentrations ≥0.9 μg/L, animals attempted to switch aquatic respiration to breathing air to regulate their metabolic needs. The study showed that diclofenac at environmentally relevant concentrations affected the fitness of R. balthica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Morozov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 152742, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda A Berezina
- Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, St.-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Sladkova
- St Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 14th Line V.O. 39, St. Petersburg 199178, Russia; St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7-9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Chernova
- St Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 14th Line V.O. 39, St. Petersburg 199178, Russia
| | - Victoria V Yurchenko
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 152742, Russia
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Lavarías SML, Colpo KD, Landro SM, Ambrosio ES, Rodrigues Capítulo A, Arrighetti F. Deleterious effects of two pesticide formulations with different toxicological mechanisms in the hepatopancreas of a freshwater prawn. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131920. [PMID: 34426275 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of the pyrethroid cypermethrin (CYP) and the last generation pesticide spirotetramat (STM) on the prawn Macrobrachium borellii. Initially, the 96-h LC50 was determined in adult prawns. Then, prawns were exposed to sublethal concentrations of pesticides (5% and 20% of the 96-h LC50 values) for four days and hepatopancreas were dissected for biomarkers analyses. Total protein and uric acid content, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein oxidation (PO) were evaluated. Additionally, the presence of histopathological changes, lipofuscins, and neutral lipids accumulation were analyzed. The 96-h LC50 values were 0.12 μg/L and 8.2 mg/L for CYP and STM, respectively. The total proteins and uric acid content were not significantly affected by the treatments (p > 0.05). STM significantly affected the GST activity only at the highest concentration (p < 0.001). However, LPO and OP levels were affected by the lowest concentrations of both pesticides (p < 0.003). CYP and STM caused dose-dependent histological damage as was indicated by the histopathological index. The accumulation of lipofuscins showed a dose-dependent response, while the neutral lipids were significantly accumulated in the prawns exposed to the lowest concentration of both pesticides (p < 0.001). The integrated biomarker index (IBRv2) results indicated that the histological parameters represented the most sensitive biomarkers in M. borellii exposed to CYP and STM. Besides, the pyrethroid showed the highest response at concentration ranges that could be present in its natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M L Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - K D Colpo
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - S M Landro
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - E S Ambrosio
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Rodrigues Capítulo
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - F Arrighetti
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina
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Chatterjee A, Bhattacharya R, Chatterjee S, Saha NC. λ cyhalothrin induced toxicity and potential attenuation of hematological, biochemical, enzymological and stress biomarkers in Cyprinus carpio L. at environmentally relevant concentrations: A multiple biomarker approach. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 250:109164. [PMID: 34390845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of a commonly used synthetic pyrethroid, λ cyhalothrin on the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. The results depicted that 96 h LC50 value of λ cyhalothrin to the fish was 1.48 μg l-1. During 45 days of chronic exposure a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit value of fish was observed in λ cyhalothrin treated fish. Blood glucose, cholesterol and creatinine levels increased significantly, while total protein and albumin were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the exposed fish. Moreover, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in the blood also increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the treated fish. In gills and liver, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and in liver GST exhibited a significant initial augmentation followed by a subsequent reduction while catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased markedly with incrementing concentrations of λ cyhalothrin in both the organs. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in both gills and liver decreased in exposed fish upon addition λ cyhalothrin. However, the hazardous effects of λ cyhalothrin on C. carpio were characterized and portrayed by the development of integrated biomarker response (IBR), and biomarker response index (BRI). GUTS-SD and IT modeling were implied for a better interpretation of the toxicity. These results indicate that exposure to λ cyhalothrin alters the survivability at the acute level and the activity of hematological, plasma biochemical as well as enzymological and stress parameters (in gills and liver) at the sublethal level in C. carpio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Chatterjee
- Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory (Vice-Chancellor's Research Group), Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritwick Bhattacharya
- Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory (Vice-Chancellor's Research Group), Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumendranath Chatterjee
- Parasitology & Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Nimai Chandra Saha
- Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory (Vice-Chancellor's Research Group), Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
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Marques MBL, Brunetti IA, Faleiros CA, da Cruz C, Iqbal HMN, Bilal M, Américo-Pinheiro JHP. Ecotoxicological Assessment and Environmental Risk of the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos for Aquatic Neotropical Indicators. WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11270-021-05369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Günal AÇ, Tunca SK, Arslan P, Gül G, Dinçel AS. How does sublethal permethrin effect non-target aquatic organisms? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:52405-52417. [PMID: 34009577 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Permethrin is belonged to pyrethroids that are one of the substances developed as an alternative to pesticides. Permethrin, which is used especially in agriculture, can bioaccumulate in the water and sediment when mixed into aquatic ecosystems. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate the effect of this substance on aquatic organisms other than the target organism. The aim of this study was the determination of acute and sublethal effects as antioxidant enzyme levels on different organs and hemolymph biochemistry of the non-target aquatic organism, narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus), after exposure to permethrin, one of the synthetic pyrethroid pesticides, contaminating aquatic ecosystems due to its increase usage. The invertebrate model organism, the narrow-clawed crayfish, was selected for its bioindicator role in food webs as planktivorous grazers epibenthic scavengers and good alternative models in ecotoxicology studies with the importance in conservation of freshwater ecosystems. The 96-h LC50 value of permethrin to experimental species was estimated as 0.903 μg/L (95% CI = 0.5042-2.2734 μg/L) with probit analysis method. The sublethal concentration of the permethrin was determined by 1/10 of 96-h LC50 values as 0.09 μg/L. There were two control (negative and acetone) groups in the experiment. The sampling of hemolymph and the tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and muscle) were done 48 h and 96 h after exposure of the permethrin. The total hemocyte counts significantly increased in the 96-h exposed group of permethrin (p<0.05). Among the hemolymph biochemical parameters, the hemolymph potassium and chloride values increased statistically (p<0.05). Malondialdehyde levels (MDA) of gills and muscle were significantly increased, whereas the MDA level of the hepatopancreas was significantly decreased at the end of the experiment (p<0.05). Hyperplasia in the lamella was recorded in gills, while the degenerations of the hepatopancreas tissues were observed. According to obtained results, permethrin was extremely toxic as acutely to narrow-clawed crayfish and also effected at sublethal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Çağlan Günal
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Environmental Sciences Department, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seçil Kayiran Tunca
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Environmental Sciences Department, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Arslan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Çankırı Karatekin University, 18200, Çankırı, Turkey.
| | - Göktuğ Gül
- Health Services Vocational School, Environmental Health and Environmental Sciences Program, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Chatterjee A, Bhattacharya R, Chatterjee S, Saha NC. Acute toxicity of organophosphate pesticide profenofos, pyrethroid pesticide λ cyhalothrin and biopesticide azadirachtin and their sublethal effects on growth and oxidative stress enzymes in benthic oligochaete worm, Tubifex tubifex. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 242:108943. [PMID: 33220514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to assess the acute toxicity of organophosphate pesticide, profenofos; synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, λ cyhalothrin and biopesticide, azadirachtin and their sublethal effects on growth rate and oxidative stress biomarkers in Tubifex tubifex in vivo. The results showed that 96 h LC50 value of profenofos, λ cyhalothrin and azadirachtin to Tubifex tubifex are 0.59, 0.13 and 82.15 mg L-1 respectively. Pesticide treated worms showed several behavioral abnormalities including increased mucus secretion, erratic movements, wrinkling activity and decreased clumping tendency during acute exposure. The percentage of autotomy increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increasing concentration of the pesticides at 96 h of exposure. Sublethal concentrations of profenofos (0.059 and 0.118 mg L-1), λ cyhalothrin (0.013 and 0.026 mg L-1) and azadirachtin (8.2 and 16.4 mg L-1) caused significant alterations in growth rate and oxidative stress enzymes in T. tubifex during 14 days exposure period. The growth rate of the pesticide exposed worms decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in a concentration and duration-dependent manner. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) demonstrated a noteworthy (p < 0.05) initial induction followed by a subsequent reduction, while catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited noteworthy induction (p < 0.05) all through the exposure time. Through principal component analysis, correlation matrix, and integrated biomarker response, the effects of profenofos, λ cyhalothrin and azadirachtin on T. tubifex were distinguished. These results indicate that exposure to profenofos, λ cyhalothrin and azadirachtin affect survivability, change the behavioral responses, reduce the growth rate and induce oxidative stress enzymes in T. tubifex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Chatterjee
- Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory (Vice-Chancellor's Research Group), Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritwick Bhattacharya
- Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory (Vice-Chancellor's Research Group), Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumendranath Chatterjee
- Parasitology & Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Nimai Chandra Saha
- Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory (Vice-Chancellor's Research Group), Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
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