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Biswash MR, Li KW, Lu HL, Shi YXX, Uwiringiyimana E, Guo L, Xu RK. Effect of Cd(II) adsorption onto rice roots on its uptake by different indica and japonica rice varieties and toxicity effect of Cd(II) under acidic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33228-7. [PMID: 38607481 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The rapid increase in soil acidity coupled with the deleterious effects of cadmium (Cd) toxicity had led to a decline in worldwide agricultural production. Rice absorbs and accumulates Cd(II) from polluted paddy soils, increasing human health risks throughout the food chain. A 35-day hydroponic experiment with four japonica and four indica (two each of them tolerant and sensitive cultivars) was conducted in this study to investigate the adsorption and absorption of Cd(II) by rice roots as related with surface chemical properties of the roots. The results showed that the three chemical forms of exchangeable, complexed, and precipitated Cd(II) increased with the increase in Cd(II) concentration for all rice cultivars. The roots of indica rice cultivars carried more negative charges and had greater functional groups and thus adsorbed more exchangeable and complexed Cd(II) than those of japonica rice cultivars. This led to more absorption of Cd(II) by the roots and greater toxicity of Cd(II) to the roots of indica rice cultivars and more inhibition of Cd(II) stress on the growth of the roots and whole plants of indica rice cultivars compared with japonica rice cultivars, which was one of the main reasons for more declines in the biomass and length of indica rice roots and shoots than japonica rice cultivars. Cd(II) stress showed more toxicity to the sensitive rice cultivars and thus greater inhibition on the growth of the cultivars due to more exchangeable and complexed Cd(II) adsorbed by their roots induced by more negative charges and functional groups on the roots compared with tolerant rice cultivar for both indica and japonica, which resulted in greater decreases in the biomass and length of roots and shoots as well as chlorophyll contents of the sensitive cultivars than the tolerant cultivars. The roots of sensitive rice cultivars also absorbed more Cd(II) than tolerant rice cultivars due to the same reasons as above. These findings will provide useful references for the safe utilization and health risk prevention of Cd-contaminated paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Romel Biswash
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Adaptive Research Division (ARD), Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Ke-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai-Long Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang-Xiao-Xiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ernest Uwiringiyimana
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ren-Kou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Shang C, Chen J, Nkoh JN, Wang J, Chen S, Hu Z, Hussain Q. Biochemical and multi-omics analyses of response mechanisms of rhizobacteria to long-term copper and salt stress: Effect on soil physicochemical properties and growth of Avicennia marina. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133601. [PMID: 38309159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Mangroves are of important economic and environmental value and research suggests that their carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation potential is significantly larger than other forests. However, increasing salinity and heavy metal pollution significantly affect mangrove ecosystem function and productivity. This study investigates the tolerance mechanisms of rhizobacteria in the rhizosphere of Avicennia marina under salinity and copper (Cu) stress during a 4-y stress period. The results exhibited significant differences in antioxidant levels, transcripts, and secondary metabolites. Under salt stress, the differentially expressed metabolites consisted of 30% organic acids, 26.78% nucleotides, 16.67% organic heterocyclic compounds, and 10% organic oxides as opposed to 27.27% organic acids, 24.24% nucleotides, 15.15% organic heterocyclic compounds, and 12.12% phenyl propane and polyketides under Cu stress. This resulted in differential regulation of metabolic pathways, with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis being unique to Cu stress and alanine/aspartate/glutamate metabolism and α-linolenic acid metabolism being unique to salt stress. The regulation of metabolic pathways enhanced antioxidant defenses, nutrient recycling, accumulation of osmoprotectants, stability of plasma membrane, and chelation of Cu, thereby improving the stress tolerance of rhizobacteria and A. marina. Even though the abundance and community structure of rhizobacteria were significantly changed, all the samples were dominated by Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteriota, and Firmicutes. Since the response mechanisms were unbalanced between treatments, this led to differential growth trends for A. marina. Our study provides valuable inside on variations in diversity and composition of bacterial community structure from mangrove rhizosphere subjected to long-term salt and Cu stress. It also clarifies rhizobacterial adaptive mechanisms to these stresses and how they are important for mitigating abiotic stress and promoting plant growth. Therefore, this study can serve as a reference for future research aimed at developing long-term management practices for mangrove forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Shang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, PR China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Jackson Nkoh Nkoh
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Junjie Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Si Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Quaid Hussain
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
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Nkoh JN, Shang C, Okeke ES, Ejeromedoghene O, Oderinde O, Etafo NO, Mgbechidinma CL, Bakare OC, Meugang EF. Antibiotics soil-solution chemistry: A review of environmental behavior and uptake and transformation by plants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120312. [PMID: 38340667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The increased use of antibiotics by humans for various purposes has left the environment polluted. Antibiotic pollution remediation is challenging because antibiotics exist in trace amounts and only highly sensitive detection techniques could be used to quantify them. Nevertheless, their trace quantity is not a hindrance to their transfer along the food chain, causing sensitization and the development of antibiotic resistance. Despite an increase in the literature on antibiotic pollution and the development and transfer of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), little attention has been given to the behavior of antibiotics at the soil-solution interface and how this affects antibiotic adsorption-desorption interactions and subsequent uptake and transformation by plants. Thus, this review critically examines the interactions and possible degradation mechanisms of antibiotics in soil and the link between antibiotic soil-solution chemistry and uptake by plants. Also, different factors influencing antibiotic mobility in soil and the transfer of ARGs from one organism to another were considered. The mechanistic and critical analyses revealed that: (a) the charge characteristics of antibiotics at the soil-root interface determine whether they are adsorbed to soil or taken up by plants; (b) antibiotics that avoid soil colloids and reach soil pore water can be absorbed by plant roots, but their translocation to the stem and leaves depends on the ionic state of the molecule; (c) few studies have explored how plants adapt to antibiotic pollution and the transformation of antibiotics in plants; and (d) the persistence of antibiotics in cropland soils can be influenced by the content of soil organic matter, coexisting ions, and fertilization practices. Future research should focus on the soil/solution-antibiotic-plant interactions to reveal detailed mechanisms of antibiotic transformation by plants and whether plant-transformed antibiotics could be of environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Nkoh Nkoh
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Chenjing Shang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China.
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P. O. Box 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013 China.
| | - Onome Ejeromedoghene
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P. O. Box 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, China
| | - Olayinka Oderinde
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Nelson Oshogwue Etafo
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdez S/N Republica, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
| | - Chiamaka Linda Mgbechidinma
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China; Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, 200243, Nigeria
| | - Omonike Christianah Bakare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Elvira Foka Meugang
- School of Metallurgy & Environment, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Changsha, 410083, China
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Lu HL, Nkoh JN, Xu RK, Dong G, Li JY. More negative charges on roots enhanced manganese(II) uptake in leguminous and non-leguminous poaceae crops. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3531-3539. [PMID: 36788119 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for plants, whereas excess Mn(II) in soils leads to its toxicity to crops. Mn(II) is adsorbed onto plant roots from soil solution and then absorbed by plants. Root charge characteristics should affect Mn(II) toxicity to crops and Mn(II) uptake by the roots of the crops. However, the differences in the effects of root surface charge on the uptake of Mn(II) among various crop species are not well understood. RESULTS The roots of nine legumes and six non-legume poaceae were obtained by hydroponics and the streaming potential method and spectroscopic analysis were used to measure the zeta potentials and functional groups on the roots, respectively. The results indicate that the exchangeable Mn(II) adsorbed by plant roots was significantly positively correlated with the Mn(II) accumulated in plant shoots. Legume roots carried more negative charges and functional groups than non-legume poaceae roots, which was responsible for the larger amounts of exchangeable Mn(II) on legume roots in 2 h and the Mn(II) accumulated in their shoots in 48 h. Coexisting cations, such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ , were most effective in decreasing Mn(II) taken up by roots and accumulated in shoots than K+ and Na+ . This was because Ca2+ and Mg2+ could compete with Mn(II) for active sites on plant roots more strongly compared to K+ and Na+ . CONCLUSION The root surface charge and functional groups are two important factors influencing Mn(II) uptake by roots and accumulation in plant shoots. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Mem. Sun Yat-sen), Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Jackson Nkoh Nkoh
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren-Kou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiu-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Liu Y, Tao Z, Lu H, Li S, Hu C, Li Z. Electrochemical properties of roots determine antibiotic adsorption on roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:930632. [PMID: 37152177 PMCID: PMC10158730 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.930632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption behaviors and transfer pathways of antibiotics in plant-soil system are greatly influenced by the electrochemical properties of both soil particles and plant roots. However, the effects of roots electrochemical properties on antibiotic adsorption are largely unknown. Here, the fresh soybean, maize, and wheat roots with different electrochemical properties were obtained from hydroponic cultivation, and the adsorption processes and mechanisms of doxycycline, tetracycline, sulfadiazine, and norfloxacin on roots under various environmental conditions were investigated. Results showed that the adsorption amount of antibiotics on roots increased with the initial concentration of antibiotics. The coexisting low-molecular weight organic acids and anions inhibited the antibiotic adsorption on roots. The soybean roots performed strong adsorption ability compared with the maize and wheat roots driven by the variations in root electrochemical properties. This study demonstrates the significance of electrochemical interactions between antibiotics and roots in plant-soil system and can contribute to the more accurate risk assessment and effective pollution control of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hailong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyi Li
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhongyang Li
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
- National Research and Observation Station of Shangqiu Agro-ecology System, Shangqiu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongyang Li,
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Su R, Ou Q, Wang H, Luo Y, Dai X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Shi L. Comparison of Phytoremediation Potential of Nerium indicum with Inorganic Modifier Calcium Carbonate and Organic Modifier Mushroom Residue to Lead-Zinc Tailings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610353. [PMID: 36011987 PMCID: PMC9408432 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
At present, the application of phytoremediation technology in the ecological remediation of heavy metal tailings is receiving more and more attention. In this study, the physiological and biochemical response and tolerance mechanism of woody plant Nerium indicum to Pb and Zn under different proportions of inorganic modifier calcium carbonate (C1: 5%, C2: 10%, C3: 15%) and organic modifier mushroom residue (M1: 10%, M2: 20%, M3: 30%) was compared. The results showed that the pH value has a trend of C group > M group > CK group and organic matter has a trend of M group > CK group > C group. Phosphatase activity and catalase activity has a trend of M group > C group > CK group, but catalase was more vulnerable to the calcium carbonate concentration. Both modifiers can promote the transformation of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd in tailings to more stable organic bound and residual states. However, the stabilization effect of mushroom residue is better, and its stability is Pb, Zn > Cd, Cu. Both modifiers can increase the biomass of Nerium indicum and the modification effect of mushroom residue is better than calcium carbonate. Pb/Zn content and accumulation in Nerium indicum organs showed root > stem > leaf in all groups. Compared with the CK group, the enrichment coefficient of Pb/Zn in C1 and M1 groups decreased, while the translocation factor of Pb/Zn in C1 and M1 groups increased. With the increase in modifier concentration, the enrichment coefficient increases about 1.75~52.94%, but the translocation factor decreases rapidly (20.01~64.46%). Clearly, both the calcium carbonate and mushroom residue amendment could promote the growth ability of Nerium indicum in lead−zinc tailings and strengthen the phytoremediation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkui Su
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qiqi Ou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yiting Luo
- Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiangrong Dai
- PowerChina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Lei Shi
- Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, China
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Zhu S, Shi W, Zhang J. Effect of different ramie ( Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) cultivars on the adsorption of heavy metal ions cadmium and lead in the remediation of contaminated farmland soils. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Heavy metal ions, including cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), are serious pollutants in farmland soils. The effective removal of heavy metals is an important task in soil remediation. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of seven ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) cultivars to remove heavy metals. Results showed that the seven ramie varieties grew well in Cd and Pb polluted soils. The aboveground biological tissues and raw fiber yield of “Zhongzhu1” were 20.71 and 24.61 Mg ha−1 per year, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the six other varieties. Cd levels in each ramie part can be arranged as husks > root > stem bone > leaf > raw fiber, while Pb levels in each ramie part can be arranged as root > leaf > husks > stem bone > raw fiber. The Cd content in the shoots of “Zhongzhu1” was 19.89 mg kg−1, and the Pb content of the aboveground shoots of “Shiqianzhugenma” was 9.41 mg kg−1. The extraction efficiency of Cd in “Zhongzhu1” was greatly higher than those of the six other varieties. The extraction efficiency of Pb was similar in all varieties. Our observations suggest that ramie can be used to remove toxic ions (Cd and Pb). This study provides a new understanding of planting ramie for heavy metal removal from contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujing Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment, Yichun University , Yichun , China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation of Jiangxi Province , Yichun , China
- Institute of Ramie, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment, Yichun University , Yichun , China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hefei , China
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