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Lee JW, Shim I, Park K. Proposing Effective Ecotoxicity Test Species for Chemical Safety Assessment in East Asia: A Review. TOXICS 2023; 12:30. [PMID: 38250986 PMCID: PMC10819827 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
East Asia leads the global chemical industry, but environmental chemical risk in these countries is an emerging concern. Despite this, only a few native species that are representative of East Asian environments are listed as test species in international guidelines compared with those native to Europe and America. This review suggests that Zacco platypus, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Hydrilla verticillata, Neocaridina denticulata spp., and Scenedesmus obliquus, all resident to East Asia, are promising test species for ecotoxicity tests. The utility of these five species in environmental risk assessment (ERA) varies depending on their individual traits and the state of ecotoxicity research, indicating a need for different applications of each species according to ERA objectives. Furthermore, the traits of these five species can complement each other when assessing chemical effects under diverse exposure scenarios, suggesting they can form a versatile battery for ERA. This review also analyzes recent trends in ecotoxicity studies and proposes emerging research issues, such as the application of alternative test methods, comparative studies using model species, the identification of specific markers for test species, and performance of toxicity tests under environmentally relevant conditions. The information provided on the utility of the five species and alternative issues in toxicity tests could assist in selecting test species suited to study objectives for more effective ERA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wuk Lee
- Research of Environmental Health, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea; (I.S.); (K.P.)
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Does environmental pollution affect male reproductive system in naturally exposed vertebrates? A systematic review. Theriogenology 2023; 198:305-316. [PMID: 36634444 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to environmental contamination, the environment constantly receives pollutants from various anthropic actions. These pollutants put ecological health at risk due to contamination and accumulation in living organisms, including wild animals and humans. Exposure can cause physiological, morphological, and behavioral changes in living beings. In this context, laboratory studies have frequently investigated how environmental contaminants affect the male reproductive system and gametes. However, few studies have examined how these contaminants affect male reproduction in naturally exposed animals. To better understand this topic, we conducted a systematic review of the effects of exposing male vertebrate animals to polluted environments on their reproductive functions. After an extensive search using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, 39 studies met our inclusion criteria and were eligible for this review. This study showed that reproductive damages were frequent in fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals exposed to contaminated environments. Wild animals are exposed mainly to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), toxic metals, and radiation. Exposure to pollutants causes a reduction in androgen levels, impaired spermatogenesis, morphological damage to reproductive organs, and decreased sperm quality, leading to reduced fertility and population decline. Although several species have been studied, the number of studies is limited for some groups of vertebrates. Wildlife has proven valuable to our understanding of the potential effects of environmental contaminants on human and ecosystem health. Thus, some recommendations for future investigations are provided. This review also creates a baseline for the understanding state of the art in reproductive toxicology studies.
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Kim WS, Park K, Park JW, Lee SH, Kim JH, Kim YJ, Oh GH, Ko BS, Park JW, Hong C, Yu TS, Kwak IS. Transcriptional Responses of Stress-Related Genes in Pale Chub ( Zacco platypus) Inhabiting Different Aquatic Environments: Application for Biomonitoring Aquatic Ecosystems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11471. [PMID: 36141743 PMCID: PMC9517483 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pale chub (Zacco platypus) is a dominant species in urban rivers and reservoirs, and it is used as an indicator to monitor the effects of environmental contaminants. Gene responses at the molecular level can reflect the health of fish challenged with environmental stressors. The objective of this study was to identify correlations between water quality factors and the expression of stress-related genes in Z. platypus from different lake environments (Singal and Juam Lakes). To do so, transcriptional responses of genes involving cellular homeostasis (heat-shock protein 70, HSP70; heat-shock protein 90, HSP90), metal detoxification (metallothionein, MT), and antioxidation (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT) were analyzed in the gill and liver tissues of Z. platypus. HSP70, HSP90, and MT genes were overall upregulated in Z. platypus from Singal Lake, which suffered from poorer water quality than Juam Lake. In addition, gene responses were significantly higher in Singal Lake outflow. Upregulation of HSP70, HSP90, and MT was significantly higher in Z. platypus gills than in the liver tissue. In addition, integrated biomarker response and heatmap analysis determined correlations between expression of biomarker genes or water quality factors and sampling sites of both lakes. These results suggest that stress-related genes used as multiple biomarkers may reflect spatial characteristics and water quality of different lake environments, and they can be used for biomonitoring and ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Seok Kim
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Park
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Lee
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Yong-Jun Kim
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Gun-Hee Oh
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Bong-Soon Ko
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Cheol Hong
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Yu
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
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Fan P, Liu C, Ke Z, Zhou W, Wu Z. Growth and physiological responses in a submerged clonal aquatic plant and multiple-endpoint assessment under prolonged exposure to ciprofloxacin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113690. [PMID: 35643032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin is ubiquitous and poses a potential threat to aquatic ecosystems. However, the comprehensive effect of prolonged ciprofloxacin exposure on the submerged clonal plant Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara remains unknown. Growth and physiological responses in V. natans exposed to ciprofloxacin at concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.25, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L were repeatedly evaluated on Days 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56. V. natans maintained good growth properties under 0.05-0.25 mg/L ciprofloxacin treatments, while the inhibition effect on plant growth induced by higher-concentration treatments increased over time. The IC50 values of ciprofloxacin for growth endpoints ranged from 1.6 mg/L to 5.3 mg/L and displayed time-dependent decreases. Pigment contents were significantly stimulated by ciprofloxacin on Day 7 but decreased to varying degrees as the exposure time was extended. Soluble protein and hydrogen peroxide content rose significantly over the first 14 days of treatment with 0.25-10 mg/L ciprofloxacin but decreased under 1.25-10 mg/L ciprofloxacin treatments since Day 28. Antioxidants including superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and proline functioned well in mitigating oxidative stress under different ciprofloxacin concentrations, lowering the comprehensive toxic effects of ciprofloxacin on V. natans during the period from Day 14 to Day 42, as evidenced by decreased IBR (integrated biomarker response) values. However, the toxic pressure of ciprofloxacin on V. natans peaked on Day 56. These findings suggest that exposure time can influence the responses of V. natans exposed to ciprofloxacin and that IBR can be employed to evaluate the integrated impacts of prolonged ciprofloxacin contamination in aquatic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Fan
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem in Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem in Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Zhen Ke
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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Kim SY, Park SH, Kim DW, Noh W, Lee SJ, Jeong HJ, Park JB, Gwak YJ, Park JW, Yeom DH. Ecological Effects of Benzyl Chloride on Different Korean Aquatic Indigenous Species Using an Artificial Stream Mesocosm Simulating a Chemical Spill. TOXICS 2021; 9:347. [PMID: 34941781 PMCID: PMC8703321 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an artificial stream mesocosm consisting of a head tank, faster-flowing riffle section, gravel section, pool section, lower-run section, and tail tank was installed to simulate a chemical spill in a river. The responses of freshwater periphyton algae, crustacea (Moina macrocopa), freshwater worm (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri), benthic midge (Glyptotendipes tokunagai), and fish (Zacco platypus and Aphyocypris chinensis) were observed after exposure to benzyl chloride (classified as an accident preparedness substance, APS) at concentrations of 1, 2, and 4 µL/L for 22.5 h. Higher concentrations increased the inhibition (photosynthetic efficiency decrease) of periphyton algae and the mortality of M. macrocopa, whereas the reproduction of the female cladoceran decreased in the 4 µL/L treatment. Mortality of fish did not occur or was lower (≤20%) at all concentrations; however, toxic symptoms were observed for some time after chemical exposure termination and later, symptoms receded. G. tokunagai mortality increased at all concentrations except the control after seven days, and no significant toxic effects were observed in L. hoffmeisteri. The hazardous concentration of benzyl chloride was calculated as 94 µg/L. This study showed the different sensitivities of each species to benzyl chloride. The findings can assist in environmental risk assessment of APSs after chemical spills to protect Korean aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Kim
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
- Department of Energy Environmental System Engineering, Graduate School, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Park
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Dae-Wook Kim
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Won Noh
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Sang-Jun Lee
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Hee-Jin Jeong
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Jong-Bin Park
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Yeong-Ji Gwak
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Dong-Hyuk Yeom
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
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