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Tang J, Luo X, Zhu Y, Cai N, Chen L, Chen S, Xu Y. In vitro regeneration of triploid from mature endosperm culture of Passiflora edulis "Mantianxing". Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:412-419. [PMID: 38412471 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The regeneration of shoots from endosperm tissue is a highly effective method to obtain triploid plants. In this study, we elucidated the establishment of an in vitro regeneration system from endosperm culture for the production of Passiflora edulis "Mantianxing." The highest callus induction rate (83.33%) was obtained on the media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L TDZ. Meanwhile, the MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.4 mg/L IBA gave the optimum 75% shoot bud induction. Chromosome analysis revealed that the chromosomal count of P. edulis "Mantianxing" regenerated from endosperm tissues was 27 (2n = 3x = 27), which indicated that shoots regenerated from endosperm tissues were triploids. Triploid P. edulis had more drought resistance than diploid plants. Our study provided a method for breeding of passion fruit by means of a stable and reproducible regeneration system from endosperm culture, leading to the generation of triploid plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yajing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Nianhui Cai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yulan Xu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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Du L, Zhao L, Elumalai P, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhang K, Li D, Ji J, Luo J, Cui J, Gao X. Effects of sublethal fipronil exposure on cross-generational functional responses and gene expression in Binodoxys communis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32211-6. [PMID: 38296923 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The effective systemic insecticide fipronil is widely used on a variety of crops and in public spaces to control insect pests. Binodoxys communis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is the dominant natural enemy of Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae), an important cotton pest, and has good efficiency in inhibiting aphid populations. The direct effects of environmental residues of sublethal fipronil doses on adult B. communis have not previously been reported. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the side effects and transcriptomic impacts of sublethal fipronil doses on B. communis. The results showed that exposure to the LC10 dose of fipronil significantly reduced the survival rate and parasitism rate of the F0 generation, but did not affect these indicators in the F1 generation. The LC25 dose did not affect the survival or parasitic rates of the F0 generation, but did significantly reduce the survival rate of F1 generation parasitoids. These results indicated that sublethal doses of fipronil affected B. communis population growth. Transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in B. communis at 1 h after treatment were primarily enriched in pathways associated with fatty acid elongation, biosynthesis of fatty acids, and fatty acid metabolism. DEGs at 3 days after treatment were mainly enriched in ribosomal functions, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and tyrosine metabolism. Six DEGs (PY, ELOVL, VLCOAR, MRJP1, ELOVL AAEL008004-like, and RPL13) were selected for validation with real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. This is the first report of sublethal, trans-generational, and transcriptomic side effects of fipronil on the dominant parasitoid of A. gossypii. The results of this study show that adaptation of parasitoids to high concentrations of pesticides may be at the expense of their offspring. These findings broaden our overall understanding of the intergenerational adjustments used by insects to respond to pesticide stress and call for risk assessments of the long-term impacts and intergenerational effects of other pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingen Du
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Likang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Punniyakotti Elumalai
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China.
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Veloso Goulart B, De Caroli Vizioli B, Junio da Silva Pinto T, Silberschmidt Freitas J, Moreira RA, da Silva LCM, Yoshii MPC, Lopes LFDP, Pretti Ogura A, Henry TB, Gaeta Espindola EL, Montagner CC. Fate and toxicity of 2,4-D and fipronil in mesocosm systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140569. [PMID: 37918533 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
2,4-D and fipronil are among Brazil's most used pesticides. The presence of these substances in surface waters is a concern for the aquatic ecosystem health. Thus, understanding the behavior of these substances under environmentally relevant conditions is essential for an effective risk assessment. This study aimed to determine the degradation profiles of 2,4-D and fipronil after controlled application in aquatic mesocosm systems under influencing factors such as environmental aspects and vinasse application, evaluate pesticide dissipation at the water-sediment interface, and perform an environmental risk assessment in water and sediment compartments. Mesocosm systems were divided into six different treatments, namely: control (C), vinasse application (V), 2,4-D application (D), fipronil application (F), mixture of 2,4-D and fipronil application (M), and mixture of 2,4-D and fipronil with vinasse application (MV). Pesticide application was performed according to typical Brazilian sugarcane management procedures, and the experimental systems were monitored for 150 days. Pesticide dissipation kinetics was modeled using first-order reaction models. The estimated half-life times of 2,4-D were 18.2 days for individual application, 50.2 days for combined application, and 9.6 days for combined application with vinasse. For fipronil, the respective half-life times were 11.7, 13.8, and 24.5 days. The dynamics of pesticides in surface waters resulted in the deposition of these compounds in the sediment. Also, fipronil transformation products fipronil-sulfide and fipronil-sulfone were quantified in water 21 days after pesticide application. Finally, performed risk assessments showed significant potential risk to environmental health, with RQ values for 2,4-D up to 1359 in freshwater and 98 in sediment, and RQ values for fipronil up to 22,078 in freshwater and 2582 in sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Veloso Goulart
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Beatriz De Caroli Vizioli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Juliane Silberschmidt Freitas
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Laís Fernanda de Palma Lopes
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Allan Pretti Ogura
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Theodore Burdick Henry
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure, and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espindola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
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Martins MR, Zanatta MCK, Ferreira WG, Poletti ECC, Pires MSG. Ecotoxicological assessment of natural soil amended with sewage sludge: the impacts on soil edaphic organisms and microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1325. [PMID: 37845580 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge usage as agricultural soil amendment is a well-known practice employed worldwide. However, certain components may pose risks to the soil ecosystem. For a better verification of the potential adverse effects on the soil biota, biological assays have become an indispensable tool for an accurate understanding of the residue's behavior on soil, as well as its potential toxicity. Accordingly, to properly assess the effects of natural tropical soil (Oxisoil) amended with sewage sludge, we conducted toxicological tests with edaphic organisms (Enchytraeus crypticus and Folsomia candida) and microbial biomass (through respirometric assessment). Results indicate that E. crypticus and F. candida present similar reproduction sensitivity behavior to sewage sludge. For the microbiological analysis, the results suggest that microbial activity was stimulated by sludge application. For further evaluation of respiration of the microbial community and CO2 stabilization values behavior, Ford-Walford modeling was applied and presented limit values for sludge application in soil for 1.5 g kg-1 and 15.0 g kg-1 of, approximately, 55 mg and 88 mg, respectively. CO2 releases were faster and reached stability within 18 weeks for the soil with higher sludge content (15.0 g kg-1 of dry soil). In contrast, CO2 releases were slower for the soil with lower sludge content (1.5 g kg-1 of dry soil), and until the experiment's final period (21 weeks) respiration behavior did not reach stability. This study indicates that the stabilized sewage sludge, at the considered recommended application rate, presents a low toxicity risk for the studied bioindicators, being suitable for agricultural use.
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Tincani F, Cione AP, Casallanovo F, Bottoms M, Alvarez T, Loutseti S, Mackenzie R, Thompson H. Applying a tiered environmental risk assessment framework to estimate the risk of pesticides to soil organisms in Latin America. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:446-460. [PMID: 35971871 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the application of a tiered risk assessment scheme for soil organisms based on the risk quotient (RQ) and the toxicity exposure ratio (TER). Forty-five pesticides registered in Latin America were chosen and the ecotoxicological endpoints for earthworms, Collembola, and microorganisms were collated. Tier I assessment was made on conservative assumptions in which no refinements were applied. There, 14 pesticides (31%) exceed the RQ regulatory trigger indicating unacceptable risk, whereas 27 (60%) indicate unacceptable risk on the TER approach. In a Tier II evaluation when refinement options such as foliar interception, field half-life, and the dissipation following the peak estimated environmental concentration are considered, eight (18%) pesticides indicate unacceptable risk based on the RQ, and 15 (33%) indicate unacceptable risk based on the TER. A nonmetric multidimensional scaling evaluation was performed to understand the relevant characteristics involved in how each pesticide poses a risk to soil organisms. Based on the outcome of this analysis, we observed that, for a given pesticide, the combination of high persistence, low or no crop interception, and high toxicity are likely to require higher tier risk assessment. Refinement options can consider either or both the exposure and/or the effect side of the framework. Exposure refinements are potentially simpler and can be conducted with data already available to risk assessors, whereas effect refinements involving further testing with the organisms potentially at risk are still under discussion for intermediate and higher tiers. A sensitive, simple, and logical environmental risk assessment framework can be used to adequately identify risks based on the relevant protection goals that, in turn, will help to protect the desired soil multifunctionality of the ecosystem. We encourage academia and industry to further investigate these topics to provide the most scientifically robust and evidence-based information to decision makers. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:446-460. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Tincani
- Syngenta Proteção de Cultivos Ltda, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paola Cione
- Syngenta Proteção de Cultivos Ltda, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Melanie Bottoms
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Tania Alvarez
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Stefania Loutseti
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Richard Mackenzie
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Helen Thompson
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
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Ogura AP, Lima JZ, Silva LCMD, Dias MA, Rodrigues VGS, Montagner CC, Espíndola ELG. Phytotoxicity of 2,4-D and fipronil mixtures to three green manure species. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2023; 58:262-272. [PMID: 36799483 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2178789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane expansion has been associated with soil contamination by agrochemicals. Pesticides can affect plant growth, and their mixture might have potentiated effects on exposed species. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of fipronil on the phytotoxicity of 2,4-D on three green manure plant species: Canavalia ensiformis, Dolichos lablab, and Lupinus albus. Plants were exposed (for 21 days, at 25 °C) to a control soil and five concentrations of each pesticide and their combinations (36 treatments, considering a full-factorial approach). Effect concentrations of 50% growth inhibition (EC50) were estimated. No phytotoxicity effects were identified when plants were exposed to different fipronil concentrations (up to 0.12 mg kg-1). All species exposed to 2,4-D showed a decrease in shoot and root length and fresh/dry biomass. L. albus and D. lablab roots showed the highest sensitivity when exposed to 2,4-D among the endpoints (EC50 = 0.02 and 0.05 mg kg-1, respectively), while C. ensiformis roots were the most tolerant (EC50 = 0.98 mg kg-1). However, the interference of fipronil on the toxicity of 2,4-D was not detected in different mixture proportions, indicating no interaction between pesticides. Residues of 2,4-D might also impair other crops' growth, compromise productivity, and limit phytotechnologies for soil recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Pretti Ogura
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Zanin Lima
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Amaral Dias
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Zhou C, Cheng H, Wu Y, Zhang J, Li D, Pan C. Bensulfuron-Methyl, Terbutylazine, and 2,4-D Butylate Disturb Plant Growth and Resistance by Deteriorating Rhizosphere Environment and Plant Secondary Metabolism in Wheat Seedlings. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12796-12806. [PMID: 36135711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Frequent and improper use of herbicides disrupts a plant's metabolism, causing oxidative stress that degrades crop quality. However, few studies have examined the inhibitory effects of herbicides on plant growth and defense mechanisms in terms of their impact on soil quality and crop rhizosphere. Therefore, the current study investigated the detrimental impacts of six typical and multilevel herbicides on the microbial community and signal molecules in the soil as well as on the levels of hormones and secondary metabolites in wheat seedlings. Interestingly, bensulfuron-methyl, terbutylazine (TBA), and 2,4-D butylate significantly induced oxidative damage while reducing the number of phytohormones (salicylic acid and jasmonic acid) and secondary metabolites (tricin, quercetin, and caffeic acid) in the roots and leaves compared with the controls, isoproturon, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, and pretilachlor. At twice the recommended levels (2×), they also decreased the microbial α diversity and, in particular, the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidia, Verrucomicrobia, Bacilli, Acidimicrobiia, Deltaproteobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes by disrupting the level of enzymes (e.g., urease and sucrase) and metabolites (indole-3-acetic acid, salicylic acid, apigenin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, DIMBOA, and melatonin) in the rhizosphere soil. Overall, significant exposure to herbicides may inhibit wheat growth by disturbing the microbial composition in the rhizosphere soil and the distribution of secondary metabolites in wheat seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunran Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, China Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Cheng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, China Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangliu Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, China Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbang Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, China Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, China Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Ambrosio IS, Otaviano CM, Castilho LM, Santos AL, Mendonça JS, Faria AM. Development and validation of a solid–liquid extraction with low-temperature partitioning method for the determination of fipronil in turtle eggshell. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ogura AP, Moreira RA, da Silva LCM, Negro GS, Freitas JS, da Silva Pinto TJ, Lopes LFDP, Yoshii MPC, Goulart BV, Montagner CC, Espíndola ELG. Irrigation with Water Contaminated by Sugarcane Pesticides and Vinasse Can Inhibit Seed Germination and Crops Initial Growth. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 82:330-340. [PMID: 35138446 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane crops are dependent on chemicals for maintaining plantations. Therefore, environmental consequences concern adjacent areas that can be affected by contaminants in common use, including pesticides and vinasse (i.e., a by-product from the ethanol industry). This study aimed to evaluate phytotoxicity through two plant bioassays with water from mesocosms contaminated with the herbicide 2,4-D (447.0 μg L-1), the insecticide fipronil (63.5 μg L-1), and sugarcane vinasse (1.3%). First, the germination test (4 d) with Eruca sativa L. assessed water samples collected three times after the contamination (2 h, 14 d, and 30 d), considering germination, shoot, and root growth. The results from this bioassay indicated higher phytotoxicity for 2,4-D as it fully inhibited the shoot and root growth even in low concentrations (0.2 μg L-1). However, no significant effect was reported for fipronil and vinasse. Also, the 2,4-D effects drastically decreased due to an expressive concentration reduction (99.4% after 30 d in mixture with vinasse). Second, the irrigation test with Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Zea mays L. considered shoot and root growth and biomass under 21 days after plants emergence. The herbicide 2,4-D inhibited the initial growth of tested species, especially the roots (up to 45% inhibition). Furthermore, sugarcane vinasse caused harmful effects on plant growth (up to 31% inhibition). Therefore, our data showed that these contaminants could inhibit plant germination and initial growth under our tested conditions. These evaluations can endorse risk assessments and water management in sugarcane crops surrounding areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Pretti Ogura
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Laís Conceição Menezes da Silva
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Giovana Spinelli Negro
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Juliane Silberschmidt Freitas
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Laís Fernanda de Palma Lopes
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Bianca Veloso Goulart
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
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10
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Hennig TB, Lopes Alves PR, Schiehl A, de Araújo RS, da Costa Cabrera L, Morelato RR, Baretta D. Can the increase in atmospheric temperature enhance the toxicity and risk of fipronil for collembolans in tropical soils? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27104-27114. [PMID: 34981395 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the toxicity and risk (via toxicity exposure ratio approach - TER) of the insecticide fipronil to collembolan's growth and reproduction in three tropical soils, under increasing atmospheric temperatures. Chronic toxicity tests were performed with Folsomia candida in tropical artificial soil (TAS), oxisol, and entisol spiked with increasing concentrations of fipronil, at three room temperature scenarios: a standard (20 ± 2 °C), a tropical condition (25 ± 2 °C) and a global warming simulation (27 ± 2 °C). Temperatures influenced the fipronil effects on the species reproduction differently between soil types. In TAS and oxisol the highest toxicities (EC50-based) were found at 27 °C (EC50 TAS = 0.81, 0.70, 0.31 mg kg-1; EC50 OXISOL = 0.52, 0.54, 0.40 mg kg-1; at 20, 25, and 27 °C, respectively). In entisol, the toxicity at 27 °C was lower compared to 25 and 20 °C (EC50 ENTISOL = 0.33, 0.24, 0.12 mg kg-1, respectively). Fipronil concentrations also increased the proportion of small juveniles (growth reduction) in all tested soils. However, this effect was greater (EC10-based) at higher temperatures (25 and/or 27 °C), regardless of the soil type. TER approach revealed a significant risk of fipronil in entisol, regardless of the tested temperature, while in other soils the risk was found significant only at the higher temperatures (25 and 27 °C for TAS, and 27 °C for oxisol). These results indicate that exposures to fipronil at high temperatures (e.g., those resulting from climate change) can threaten F. candida populations, depending on the soil type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado, No. 108-E, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, 89802-112, Brazil.
| | - Aline Schiehl
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado, No. 108-E, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, 89802-112, Brazil
| | - Rafael Soares de Araújo
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado, No. 108-E, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, 89802-112, Brazil
| | - Liziara da Costa Cabrera
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, Cerro Largo, RS, 97900000, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Roberta Morelato
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, Cerro Largo, RS, 97900000, Brazil
| | - Dilmar Baretta
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil
- Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Santa Catarina State University, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, Chapecó, SC, 89815-630, Brazil
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11
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Reyes-Calderón A, Pérez-Uribe S, Ramos-Delgado AG, Ramalingam S, Oza G, Parra-Saldívar R, Ramirez-Mendoza RA, Iqbal HMN, Sharma A. Analytical and regulatory considerations to mitigate highly hazardous toxins from environmental matrices. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127031. [PMID: 34479083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous occurrence, toxicological influence, and bioaccumulation of toxic entities, e.g., pesticides and toxic elements in the environment, biota, and humans, directly or indirectly, are posing severe social, ecological, and human health concerns. Much attention has been given to the rising bioaccumulation of toxins and their adverse impact on various environmental matrices. For example, the inappropriate and exacerbated use of xenobiotics and related hazardous substances have caused the deterioration of the agricultural environment, e.g., fertile soils where plants are grown. Moreover, the harmful toxins have negatively impacted human health through the trophic chains. However, the analytical and regulatory considerations to effectively monitor and mitigate any or many pesticides and toxic elements from environmental matrices are still lacking in the existing literature. For decades, the scientific community has overseen the consequences caused by pollutants, however, the improvement of analytical detection methods and regulatory considerations are not yet fully covered. This review covers the notable literature gap by stressing the development and deployment of robust analytical and regulatory considerations for an efficient abatement of hazardous substances. Following detailed information on occurrence, toxicological influence, and bioaccumulation of pesticides and toxic elements, the most relevant analytical detection tools and regulatory measures are given herein, with suitable examples, to mitigate or reduce the damage caused by these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almendra Reyes-Calderón
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio González 500, Fracc. SanPablo, CP 76130 Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Samantha Pérez-Uribe
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio González 500, Fracc. SanPablo, CP 76130 Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Ana Gabriela Ramos-Delgado
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio González 500, Fracc. SanPablo, CP 76130 Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Sathishkumar Ramalingam
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Goldie Oza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Parque Tecnológico Querétaro s/n, Sanfandila. Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro 76703, Mexico
| | | | | | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio González 500, Fracc. SanPablo, CP 76130 Queretaro, Mexico.
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12
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Onwe RO, Onwosi CO, Ezugworie FN, Ekwealor CC, Okonkwo CC. Microbial trehalose boosts the ecological fitness of biocontrol agents, the viability of probiotics during long-term storage and plants tolerance to environmental-driven abiotic stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150432. [PMID: 34560451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the impressive gain in agricultural production and greater availability of food, a large portion of the world population is affected by food shortages and nutritional imbalance. This is due to abiotic stresses encountered by plants as a result of environmental-driven perturbations, loss of viability of starter cultures (probiotics) for functional foods during storage as well as the vulnerability of farm produce to postharvest pathogens. The use of compatible solutes (e.g., trehalose, proline, etc.) has been widely supported as a solution to these concerns. Trehalose is one of the widely reported microbial- or plant-derived metabolites that help microorganisms (e.g., biocontrol agents, probiotics and plant growth-promoting bacteria) and plants to tolerate harsh environmental conditions. Due to its recent categorization as generally regarded as safe (GRAS), trehalose is an essential tool for promoting nutrition-sensitive agriculture by replacing the overuse of chemical agents (e.g., pesticides, herbicides). Therefore, the current review evaluated the progress currently made in the application of trehalose in sustainable agriculture. The challenges, opportunities, and future of this biometabolite in food security were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben O Onwe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwudi O Onwosi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Bioconversion and Renewable Energy Research Unit, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Flora N Ezugworie
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Bioconversion and Renewable Energy Research Unit, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chito C Ekwealor
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Chigozie C Okonkwo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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13
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Freitas IBF, Ogura AP, Cunha DGF, Cossolin AS, Ferreira MDS, Goulart BV, Montagner CC, Espíndola ELG. The Longitudinal Profile of a Stream Contaminated With 2,4-D and its Effects on Non-Target Species. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 82:131-141. [PMID: 34797381 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides can cause harmful effects to aquatic communities, even at concentrations below the threshold limit established as guidelines for the water bodies by environmental agencies. In this research, an input of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (i.e., 2,4-D) was simulated under controlled conditions in a 500-m-long reach of a first-order tropical stream in Southeastern Brazil. Two water samplings at eight stations investigated the stream longitudinal contamination profile. The ecotoxicological effects were analyzed using Eruca sativa L. seed germination assays and the acute and chronic toxicity tests with the neotropical cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. Physicochemical parameters of water quality were evaluated to characterize the study area and quantify 2,4-D concentrations along the stream to assess pesticide retention. The 2,4-D concentration was reduced by approximately 50% downstream in the samplings, indicating that the herbicide was retained along the stream. Moreover, C. silvestrii reproduction in long-term assays decreased approximately 50% in the stations with higher concentrations of 2,4-D than the laboratory control. After contamination, E. sativa L. showed a lower average root growth (1.0 cm), statistically different from the control (2.2 cm). On the other hand, similar growth values were obtained among the background and the most downstream stations. Our study highlighted the relevance of reviewing and updating herbicide guidelines and criteria to prevent possible ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabele Baima Ferreira Freitas
- Nucleus of Ecotoxicology and Applied Ecology, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Allan Pretti Ogura
- Nucleus of Ecotoxicology and Applied Ecology, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Davi Gasparini Fernandes Cunha
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, BIOTACE/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Cossolin
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, BIOTACE/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Murilo de Souza Ferreira
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, BIOTACE/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Veloso Goulart
- Analytical Chemistry Department, LQA, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- Analytical Chemistry Department, LQA, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola
- Nucleus of Ecotoxicology and Applied Ecology, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
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14
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Ogura AP, Lima JZ, Marques JP, Massaro Sousa L, Rodrigues VGS, Espíndola ELG. A review of pesticides sorption in biochar from maize, rice, and wheat residues: Current status and challenges for soil application. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113753. [PMID: 34537561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides has been increasing in recent years for maintaining traditional agricultural practices. However, these chemicals are associated with several environmental impacts, demanding urgent remediation techniques. Biochar is a carbonaceous material produced by pyrolysis that has the potential for pesticide sorption and remediation. In this context, this interdisciplinary review systematically assessed the state of the knowledge of crop residues to produce biochar for pesticide sorption. We focused on maize, rice, and wheat residues since these are the three most-produced grains worldwide. Besides, we evaluated different biochar handling, storage, and soil dispersion techniques to ease its implementation in agriculture. In general, pyrolysis temperature influences biochar characteristics and its potential for pesticide sorption. Furthermore, biochar amended soils had greater pesticide sorption capacity, limiting potential leaching and runoff. Most studies showed that the feedstock and specific surface area influence the biochar sorption properties, among other factors. Also, biochar reduces pesticides' bioavailability, decreasing their toxicity to soil organisms and improving soil fertility and crop yields. Nonetheless, the retrieved papers assessed only 21 pesticides, mainly consisting of lab-scale batch experiments. Therefore, there is still a gap in studies evaluating biochar aging, its potential desorption, pesticide co-contaminations, the associated microbiological processes, and field applications. Determining flow properties for biochars of different sizes and pellets is vital for reliable handling equipment design, and performing techno-economic assessment under different farm contexts is encouraged. Ultimately, coupling biochar production with residue management could address this challenge on sustainable agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Pretti Ogura
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Jacqueline Zanin Lima
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Pelinsom Marques
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas Massaro Sousa
- Process Design and Modeling Division, IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-Point Échangeur de Solaize, 69360, Solaize, France
| | | | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
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15
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Pinto TJDS, Rocha GS, Moreira RA, Silva LCMD, Yoshii MPC, Goulart BV, Montagner CC, Daam MA, Espindola ELG. Multi-generational exposure to fipronil, 2,4-D, and their mixtures in Chironomus sancticaroli: Biochemical, individual, and population endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117384. [PMID: 34030066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional farming delivers a range of pesticides to aquatic ecosystems leading to implications for the indigenous species. Due to the multiple applications and persistence of molecules, organisms may be exposed for a prolonged period over multiple generations. The present study outlines a full life-cycle design over three generations of Chironomus sancticaroli exposed to the insecticide fipronil, the herbicide 2,4-D, and their mixtures. The experiment started with newly hatched larvae from the parental generation and lasted with the emerged adults from the second generation. Five nominal concentrations of fipronil and 2,4-D were tested, as well as six combinations of both pesticides. As additional responses, the total carbohydrates and the lipid classes were evaluated in the parental generation. The first and second generations were more susceptible to the tested compounds compared with the parental ones. Survival of larvae and pupae was decreased by both pesticides and their mixtures along with the generations. Only fipronil impaired the survival of emerged adults. Both pesticides (isolated and in the mixture) altered the emergence and the fraction of males and females. Moreover, the number of eggs produced, and their hatchability decreased. Only one combination of the pesticides increased the content of carbohydrates. Fipronil, 2,4-D, and its mixture altered the profile of the lipid classes. All mixture treatments and the three highest concentrations of fipronil extinguished the population of C. sancticaroli at the end of the first generation. In the remaining treatments with the insecticide, the population did not survive the second generation. Only three concentrations of 2,4-D and the control persisted until the end of the experiment. The results indicate that a prolonged exposition to these pesticides may disrupt the natural populations of exposed organisms with consequences to ecosystems' functioning, considering the importance of chironomids to aquatic and terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Giseli Swerts Rocha
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Laís Conceição Menezes da Silva
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Bianca Veloso Goulart
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michiel Adriaan Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espindola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
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