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Zhang Y, He Z, Xing P, Luo H, Yan Z, Tang X. Effects of paclobutrazol seed priming on seedling quality, photosynthesis, and physiological characteristics of fragrant rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:53. [PMID: 38229011 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclobutrazol is widely used in the agricultural field. This study investigated the effects of seed priming with different concentrations of paclobutrazol on seedling quality, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP, a key aroma component of fragrant rice) biosynthesis, and related physiological and biochemical indicators in fragrant rice seedlings. RESULTS The experiment is being conducted at the College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University. In the experiment, three concentrations of paclobutrazol (Pac 1: 20 mg·L-1; Pac 2: 40 mg·L-1; Pac 3: 80 mg·L-1) were used to initiate the treatment of fragrant rice seeds, while water treatment was used as a control (CK). The results showed that compared with CK, paclobutrazol treatment reduced plant height, increased stem diameter, and increased fresh and dry weight of aromatic rice seedlings. Moreover, paclobutrazol treatment also increased the seedlings' photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that paclobutrazol primarily increases the content of proline by reducing the content of glutamate and down-regulating the expression of P5CS2, thereby promoting the conversion of proline to the aromatic substance 2-AP. Under the appropriate concentration of paclobutrazol (40 mg·L-1~80 mg·L-1), the seedling quality, stress resistance, and aroma of fragrant rice can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant rice, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhenzhen He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant rice, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Pipeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant rice, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haowen Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant rice, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhuosheng Yan
- Guangzhou Golden Rice Agricultral Science and Technology Co, Ltd, Guangzhou, 510900, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant rice, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Shuochen J, Lihe Z, Fenqin H, Xiangru T, Bin D. Zinc supplementation and light intensity affect 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) formation in fragrant rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:194. [PMID: 37041465 PMCID: PMC10088174 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the yield and aroma content of fragrant rice is the focus of fragrant rice research. Light and Zinc (Zn) management generally cause regulations in the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) accumulation in fragrant rice. In addition, Zn promotes rice growth and improves rice yield, which has the potential to compensate for the negative impact of low light on fragrant rice yield. However, the potential of Zn to improve fragrant rice yield and 2AP content under shading conditions has not been verified. METHODS Field experiments were conducted in the rice season (May-September) in 2019 to 2021. Two light i.e., normal light (NL) and low light (LL) and four Zn levels i.e., 0 kg Zn ha- 1 (N0), 1 kg Zn ha- 1 (Zn1), 2 kg Zn ha- 1(Zn2), and 3 kg Zn ha- 1 (Zn3), which applied at booting stage was set up. The grain yield, 2AP contents, Zn content in polished rice, photosynthesis related indicators, MDA content, antioxidant enzyme activity and the biochemical parameters related to 2AP formation were investigated. RESULTS Shading reduced yield by 8.74% and increased 2AP content by 24.37%. In addition, shading reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and increased proline, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C), proline dehydrogenase (PDH), △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase (P5CS), malondialdehyde (MDA). With increasing Zn application levels, yield, 2AP, Zn content in polished rice, Pn, proline, P5C, GABA, PDH, P5CS, SOD, CAT and POD increased, and MDA decreased. Significant Light and Zn interaction effect on 2AP content was detected, and both shading and increasing Zn application increased the 2AP content. CONCLUSION Shading can increase the 2AP content but reduce the yield of fragrant rice. Increasing Zn application under shading conditions can further promote the biosynthesis of 2AP, but the effect of improving yield is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Shuochen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhang Lihe
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 434007, Guangdong, China
| | - Hu Fenqin
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Tang Xiangru
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Du Bin
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang Y, Ren Y, Yang D, Liu H, Zhang Y, Wang X, Bai F, Cheng S. Foliar methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application increased 2-acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2-AP) content and modulated antioxidant attributes and yield formation in fragrant rice. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 282:153946. [PMID: 36812722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) mediates abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. Exogenous MeJA application can stimulate and defend plant gene expression and induce plant chemical defense. The effects of foliar MeJA application on yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) biosynthesis of fragrant rice are scarcely investigated. The pot experiment was conducted by spraying different concentrations of MeJA (0, 1, and 2 μM; denoted as CK, MeJA-1, and MeJA-2) at the initial heading stage of two fragrant rice cultivars, Meixiangzhan and Yuxiangyouzhan. The results showed that foliar MeJA application significantly increased the grain 2-AP content by 32.1% and 49.7%, respectively, following MeJA-1 and MeJA-2 treatments, and the two cultivars showed the highest 2-AP content upon MeJA-2 treatment. However, the grain yield was increased in MeJA-1 as compared with MeJA-2 treatment for all rice cultivars and no significant differences were observed in yield and yield-related traits compared with CK. The aroma was improved by foliar MeJA application which was strongly associated with the regulation of the precursors and enzymes involved in 2-AP biosynthesis. In particular, the contents of proline, pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, and pyrroline at maturity, as well as the activities of proline dehydrogenase, ornithine aminotransferase, and pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase, were positively correlated with grain 2-AP content. On the other hand, foliar MeJA application improved the contents of soluble protein, chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoid, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, peroxidase activity and leaf chlorophyll contents were significantly positively correlated to 2-AP content following foliar MeJA application. Therefore, our results implied that foliar MeJA application increased aroma and influenced yield by regulating the physio-biochemistry characters and resistance, and suggested that the optimal concentration of MeJA for the best positive effect on the yield and aroma was 1 μM. However, further study is required to evaluate the metabolic level and molecular basis of the regulatory mechanism of foliar MeJA application on 2-AP in fragrant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxia Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, 537000, People's Republic of China; College of Computer Science and Engineering of Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ren
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, 537000, People's Republic of China; College of Biology and Pharmacy of Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Bio-Resources, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyue Yang
- Safety and Security Office of Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Liu
- Hezhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Hezhou, 542899, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushen Zhang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy of Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie Wang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy of Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujing Bai
- College of Biology and Pharmacy of Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, People's Republic of China
| | - Siren Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, 537000, People's Republic of China; College of Biology and Pharmacy of Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Bio-Resources, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, People's Republic of China.
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Deng S, Ashraf U, Nawaz M, Abbas G, Tang X, Mo Z. Water and Nitrogen Management at the Booting Stage Affects Yield, Grain Quality, Nutrient Uptake, and Use Efficiency of Fragrant Rice Under the Agro-Climatic Conditions of South China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:907231. [PMID: 35769300 PMCID: PMC9234578 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.907231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the effects of water and nitrogen applications at the booting stage on yield, grain quality, and nutrient use efficiencies in fragrant rice in the early (March-July) and late (July-November) seasons of 2013. The experiment was comprised of two fragrant rice cultivars, i.e., Nongxiang 18 and Basmati; three nitrogen levels, i.e., 0 kg N ha-1 (N0), 30 kg N ha-1 (N1), and 60 kg N ha-1 (N2); and three water levels, i.e., 2-4 cm water layer well-watered (W0), water with a soil water potential of -15 ± 5 kPa (W1), and water with a soil water potential of -25 ± 5 kPa (W2), which were randomized in a split-split plot design. Results showed that Basmati produced a higher grain yield than Nongxiang 18 (16.20 and 9.61% in the early and late season, respectively), whereas the W1 exhibited the maximum grain yield and harvest index. The moderate application of nitrogen (N1) at the booting stage resulted in higher grain yield, nevertheless, cultivar, water, and nitrogen revealed different trends for some of the grain quality attributes, i.e., brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head milled rice rate, protein content, and amylose content as well as nutrient uptake and use efficiencies in the double rice production system. Basmati had a higher nitrogen harvest index (NHI; 18.28-20.23%) and P harvest index (PHI; 3.95-12.42%) but lower physiological P use efficiency for biomass (PPUEB; 7.66-23.66%) and physiological K use efficiency for biomass (PKUEB; 2.53-7.10%) than Nongxiang 18 in both seasons. Furthermore, the grain number per panicle, biomass yield, grain P uptake, and the whole plant P uptake were significantly related to the grain yield of fragrant rice. In both seasons, the interaction of water and nitrogen (W × N) had a significant effect on panicle number, grain quality attributes, and N, P uptake of straw, as well as the physiological N, P use efficiency for grain and the physiological N, K use efficiency for biomass. Overall, results suggest that moderate nitrogen and irrigation input at the booting stage could be feasible to improve the productivity and quality of the double rice production system with improved nutrient use efficiency under the agro-climatic conditions of South China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Deng
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Umair Ashraf
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Botany, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Nawaz
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Plant Physiology Section, Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Jiang Y, Huang S, Ma L, Kong L, Pan S, Tang X, Tian H, Duan M, Mo Z. Effect of Exogenous Melatonin Application on the Grain Yield and Antioxidant Capacity in Aromatic Rice under Combined Lead–Cadmium Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040776. [PMID: 35453461 PMCID: PMC9028010 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the mechanism of exogenous melatonin application in alleviating the combined Pb and Cd (Pb-Cd) toxicity on aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, a pot experiment was conducted; two aromatic rice varieties, Yuxiangyouzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan, were selected, and sprays using 50, 100, 200, and 400 μmol L−1 melatonin (denoted as S50, S100, S200, and S400) and irrigation using 100, 300, and 500 μmol L−1 melatonin (denoted as R100, R300, and R500) were also selected. The results showed that, under the S50, S100, and S200 treatments, the Pb content of aromatic rice grain decreased, and the grain yield increased significantly. Moreover, the application of exogenous melatonin significantly reduced the accumulation of H2O2 in rice leaves at maturity under Cd–Pb stress and reduced the MDA content in Xiangyaxiangzhan leaves. In addition, the microbial community structure changed significantly under S50 and R300 treatments. Some pathways, such as the synthesis of various amino acids and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, were regulated by S50 treatment. Overall, melatonin application improved aromatic rice grain yield while reducing heavy metal accumulation by regulating the antioxidant capacity and metabolites in aromatic rice plants and altering the physicochemical properties and microbial community structures of the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.J.); (S.H.); (L.M.); (S.P.); (X.T.); (H.T.); (M.D.)
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Suihua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.J.); (S.H.); (L.M.); (S.P.); (X.T.); (H.T.); (M.D.)
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.J.); (S.H.); (L.M.); (S.P.); (X.T.); (H.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Leilei Kong
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Shenggang Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.J.); (S.H.); (L.M.); (S.P.); (X.T.); (H.T.); (M.D.)
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.J.); (S.H.); (L.M.); (S.P.); (X.T.); (H.T.); (M.D.)
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.J.); (S.H.); (L.M.); (S.P.); (X.T.); (H.T.); (M.D.)
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Meiyang Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.J.); (S.H.); (L.M.); (S.P.); (X.T.); (H.T.); (M.D.)
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.J.); (S.H.); (L.M.); (S.P.); (X.T.); (H.T.); (M.D.)
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: or
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Low Light/Darkness as Stressors of Multifactor-Induced Senescence in Rice Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083936. [PMID: 33920407 PMCID: PMC8069932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence, as an integral part of the final development stage for plants, primarily remobilizes nutrients from the sources to the sinks in response to different stressors. The premature senescence of leaves is a critical challenge that causes significant economic losses in terms of crop yields. Although low light causes losses of up to 50% and affects rice yield and quality, its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. Darkness-mediated premature leaf senescence is a well-studied stressor. It initiates the expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs), which have been implicated in chlorophyll breakdown and degradation. The molecular and biochemical regulatory mechanisms of premature leaf senescence show significant levels of redundant biomass in complex pathways. Thus, clarifying the regulatory mechanisms of low-light/dark-induced senescence may be conducive to developing strategies for rice crop improvement. This review describes the recent molecular regulatory mechanisms associated with low-light response and dark-induced senescence (DIS), and their effects on plastid signaling and photosynthesis-mediated processes, chloroplast and protein degradation, as well as hormonal and transcriptional regulation in rice.
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