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Yang Z, Li X, Liu W, Wang G, Ma J, Jiang L, Yu D, Ding Y, Li Y. One-Step Organic Synthesis of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid-Anthraquinone Ester Products: Exploration of Antibacterial Activity and Structure-Activity Relationship, Toxicity Evaluation in Zebrafish. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 104:e14631. [PMID: 39317695 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
To combine the activity characteristics of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) and anthraquinone compounds (rhein and emodin), reduce toxicity, and explore the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of anthraquinones, 18β-GA-anthraquinone ester compounds were synthesized by one-step organic synthesis. The products were separated and purified by HPLC and characterized by NMR and EI-MS. It was finally determined as di-18β-GA-3-rhein ester (1, New), GA dimer (2, known), 18β-GA-3-emodin ester (3, known), and di-18β-GA-1-emodin ester (4, new). The MIC of three reactants and four products against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in vitro. Its developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity were assessed using zebrafish embryos. The experimental results showed that rhein had the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC50 of 2.4 mM, and it was speculated that -COOH, -OH, and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in anthraquinone compounds would enhance the antibacterial effect, while the presence of-CH3 might weaken the antibacterial activity. Product 1 increased the hatching rate and survival rate of zebrafish embryos and reduced the malformation rate and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This experiment lays the foundation for further studying the SAR of anthraquinones and providing new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Health and Welfare, Changchun Humanities and Sciences College, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guangyue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lulu Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Denghui Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuling Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Wang Y, Nie D, Shao K, Zhang S, Wang Q, Han Z, Chen L. Mechanistic insights into the parental co-exposure of T-2 toxin and epoxiconazole on the F1 generation of zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142388. [PMID: 38777202 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins and pesticides frequently coexist in agricultural commodities on a global scale. The potential transgenerational consequences induced by these substances pose a significant threat to human health. However, there is a lack of data concerning the effects of co-contamination by these chemicals in the F1 generation following parental exposure. This investigation delved into the mixture effects of T-2 toxin (T-2) and epoxiconazole (EPO) on the offspring of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The findings revealed that exposure across generations to a combination of T-2 and EPO resulted in toxicity in the larvae of the F1 generation. This was demonstrated by a significant increase in the levels or activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), thyroxine (T4), Caspase3, and cas9, along with a decrease in the levels of cyp19a, ERα, and ERβ. These outcomes suggested that cross-generational exposure to T-2 and EPO in D. rerio disrupted oxidative balance, induced cell apoptosis, and affected the endocrine system. Moreover, these effects were magnified when the F1 generation was continuously exposed to these compounds. Notably, these adverse effects could persist in subsequent generations without additional exposure. This study underscored the potential dangers associated with the simultaneous presence of T-2 and EPO on the development of fish offspring and the resulting environmental hazards to aquatic ecosystems. These findings emphasized the significant health risks posed by cross-generational exposure and highlighted the need for additional legislative measures to address these concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongxia Nie
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Kan Shao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Han
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China.
| | - Liezhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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Xiong Y, Wang C, Dong M, Li M, Hu C, Xu X. Chlorphoxim induces neurotoxicity in zebrafish embryo through activation of oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:566-578. [PMID: 36331003 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is known that chlorphoxim is a broad-spectrum and high-effective pesticide. With the wide use in agricultural practice, chlorphoxim residue is also frequently detected in water, but its potential toxicity to aquatic life is still unclear. In this study, zebrafish is used as a model to detect the toxicity of chlorphoxim. Our results showed that exposure of high concentration of chlorphoxim at 96 h post-fertilization (hpf) resulted in a high mortality and pericardium edema rate, a low hatchability rate and heart rate. The nervous system damage, swimming behavior alteration and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition were measured in zebrafish embryos after a 6 days post-fertilization (dpf) of chlorphoxim exposure. The expression of neural-related genes is abnormal in zebrafish embryos. Chlorphoxim exposure significantly increases oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos by inhibiting antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) and activating reactive oxygen species (ROS). As expected, chlorphoxim exposure induces apoptosis by enhancing the expression of apoptotic genes (Bax, Bcl2, and p53). Astaxanthin (ATX), an effective antioxidant, was found to be able to rescue the neurotoxicity of chlorphoxim through relieving oxidative stress and apoptosis. Altogether, the results showed that chlorphoxim exposure led to severe neurotoxicity to zebrafish embryos, which was contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of the safety use of the organophosphorus pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Xiong
- Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengyi Dong
- Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Diao W, Yan J, Wang X, Qian Q, Wang H. Mechanisms regarding cardiac toxicity triggered by up-regulation of miR-144 in larval zebrafish upon exposure to triclosan. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130297. [PMID: 36368065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although triclosan (TCS) is ubiquitously detected in environmental media and organisms, little information is available on its cardiotoxicity and underlying mechanisms. Herein, acute TCS exposure (0.69-1.73 μM) to zebrafish from embryos (6 hpf) to larvae (72 hpf) resulted in cardiac development defects, including increased angle between atrium and ventricle, prolonged SV-BA distance, linearized heart and pericardial cyst in 72-hpf larvae. These malformations resulted from interfered oxidative-stress pathways, reflecting in accumulated ROS and MDA and inhibited SOD and CAT activities. By RT-qPCR, the transcription levels of four cardiac development-related marker genes were significantly up-regulated except for gata4. Besides, miR-144 was identified as a regulatory molecule of TCS-induced cardiac defects by integrating analyses of artificial intervene expression and RNA-Seq data. Interestingly, the target genes of miR-144 were found and interacted with the above marker genes through constructing protein-protein interaction networks. After intervening the expression of miR-144 by microinjecting and activating Wnt pathway by an agonist BML-284, we confirmed that up-regulated miR-144 suppressed the expression of angiogenesis-related genes and negatively regulated Wnt pathway, further triggering angiogenesis disorders and cardiac phenotypic malformation. These findings unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms regarding TCS-induced cardiac development toxicity, and contribute to early warning and risk management of TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Diao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jin Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Qiuhui Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Chen T, Chen H, Wang A, Yao W, Xu Z, Wang B, Wang J, Wu Y. Methyl Parathion Exposure Induces Development Toxicity and Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish Embryos. TOXICS 2023; 11:84. [PMID: 36668810 PMCID: PMC9866970 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Methyl parathion (MP) has been widely used as an organophosphorus pesticide for food preservation and pest management, resulting in its accumulation in the aquatic environment. However, the early developmental toxicity of MP to non-target species, especially aquatic vertebrates, has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, zebrafish embryos were treated with 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/L of MP solution until 72 h post-fertilization (hpf). The results showed that MP exposure reduced spontaneous movement, hatching, and survival rates of zebrafish embryos and induced developmental abnormalities such as shortened body length, yolk edema, and spinal curvature. Notably, MP was found to induce cardiac abnormalities, including pericardial edema and decreased heart rate. Exposure to MP resulted in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, increased catalase (CAT) activity, elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and caused cardiac apoptosis in zebrafish embryos. Moreover, MP affected the transcription of cardiac development-related genes (vmhc, sox9b, nppa, tnnt2, bmp2b, bmp4) and apoptosis-related genes (p53, bax, bcl2). Astaxanthin could rescue MP-induced heart development defects by down-regulating oxidative stress. These findings suggest that MP induces cardiac developmental toxicity and provides additional evidence of MP toxicity to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Haoze Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Anli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weixuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhongshi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Binjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Jiang Y, Geng N, Wang M, Wu W, Feng N, Zhang X. 5-HMF affects cardiovascular development in zebrafish larvae via reactive oxygen species and Wnt signaling pathways. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 262:109452. [PMID: 36067963 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a small molecule aldehyde compound produced by the Maillard reaction. As 5-HMF exists in a variety of foods and drugs and is easily ingested by humans, it has attracted extensive toxicological attention in recent years. Relevant research showed that 5-HMF has cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and tumor effects. However, the cardiovascular effects of 5-HMF are unknown. To investigate the cardiovascular effects of 5-HMF in zebrafish, wild-type and transgenic embryos were treated with 10, 25, and 50 μg/mL of 5-HMF, followed by toxicological evaluation, histological observation, fluorescence observation, cell apoptosis staining, and gene quantitative analysis. High 5-HMF concentrations led to a significant increase in the heart rate and pericardial edema ratio, larger venous sinus-arterial bulb distance, more apoptosis of cardiac cells, cardiac linearization, defects in angiogenesis and cardiovascular development, and apoptosis-related gene expression disorders in zebrafish larvae. The abnormal phenotype caused by 5-HMF can be rescued by antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and Wnt signaling pathway activator BML-284. It is inferred that high 5-HMF concentrations increased the level of reactive oxygen species, inhibited the transduction of the Wnt signaling pathway, and resulted in abnormal cardiovascular development in zebrafish larvae. This study provides a reference for understanding the mechanism of 5-HMF effects on cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China; The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Geng
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- Murui Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou Industrial Park, No 11 Jinpu road, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xian Zhang
- Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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