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Suriasni PA, Faizal F, Hermawan W, Subhan U, Panatarani C, Joni IM. IoT Water Quality Monitoring and Control System in Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor to Reduce Total Ammonia Nitrogen. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:494. [PMID: 38257587 PMCID: PMC10819107 DOI: 10.3390/s24020494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Traditional aquaculture systems appear challenged by the high levels of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) produced, which can harm aquatic life. As demand for global fish production continues to increase, farmers should adopt recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) equipped with biofilters to improve the water quality of the culture. The biofilter plays a crucial role in ammonia removal. Therefore, a biofilter such as a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) biofilter is usually used in the RAS to reduce ammonia. However, the disadvantage of biofilter operation is that it requires an automatic system with a water quality monitoring and control system to ensure optimal performance. Therefore, this study focuses on developing an Internet of Things (IoT) system to monitor and control water quality to achieve optimal biofilm performance in laboratory-scale MBBR. From 35 days into the experiment, water quality was maintained by an aerator's on/off control to provide oxygen levels suitable for the aquatic environment while monitoring the pH, temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS). When the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the MBBR was optimal, the highest TAN removal efficiency was 50%, with the biofilm thickness reaching 119.88 μm. The forthcoming applications of the IoT water quality monitoring and control system in MBBR enable farmers to set up a system in RAS that can perform real-time measurements, alerts, and adjustments of critical water quality parameters such as TAN levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu A. Suriasni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (P.A.S.); (F.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Ferry Faizal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (P.A.S.); (F.F.); (C.P.)
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (W.H.); (U.S.)
| | - Wawan Hermawan
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (W.H.); (U.S.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ujang Subhan
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (W.H.); (U.S.)
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Camellia Panatarani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (P.A.S.); (F.F.); (C.P.)
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (W.H.); (U.S.)
| | - I Made Joni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (P.A.S.); (F.F.); (C.P.)
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (W.H.); (U.S.)
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