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Allaf MM, Trick CG. Influence of multi-stressor combinations of pCO 2, temperature, and salinity on the toxicity of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae), a fish-killing flagellate. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38995628 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Climate change and global warming have led to more frequent harmful algal blooms in the last decade. Among these blooms, Heterosigma akashiwo, a golden-brown phytoflagellate, is one of the 40 species with a high potential to form harmful blooms, leading to significant fish mortality. Climate change leads to rising atmospheric and ocean temperatures. These changes, along with altered rainfall patterns and meltwater input, can cause fluctuations in ocean salinity. Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels increase water acidity as oceans absorb CO2. This study investigated the effects of temperature, salinity, and CO2 levels on lipid production, hemolytic activity, and toxicity of H. akashiwo using the design of experiment approach, which can be used to investigate the effect of two or more factors on the same response simultaneously in a precise manner with fewer experiments and materials but in a larger region of the factor space. The lipid content was measured using a high-throughput Nile Red method, and the highest level of lipid content was detected at 25°C, a salinity of 30, and a CO2 concentration of 400 ppm. Hemolytic activity was assessed using rabbit blood erythrocytes in a 96-well plate, and the optimal conditions for achieving the highest hemolytic activity were determined at 15°C, a salinity of 10, and a CO2 concentration of 400 ppm. As the chemical structure of the toxin is not known, we used the toxicity against the cell line RTgill-W1 as the cell toxicity proxy. The maximum toxicity was identified at 15°C, a salinity of 10, and a CO2 level of 700 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Mehdizadeh Allaf
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles G Trick
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Li H, Sun C, Zhang M, Wang H, Chen Y, Song J. Environmentally degradable carbon dots for inhibiting P. globosa growth and reducing hemolytic toxin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124366. [PMID: 38871172 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Red tides not only destroy marine ecosystems but also pose a great threat to human health. The traditional anti-red tide materials are difficult to degrade effectively in the natural environment and there may be risks of environmental leakage and secondary pollution. Furthermore, they cannot reduce the toxicity of toxins released by algae. It is very important to prepare degradable materials that can effectively control red tide and reduce their toxins in the future. Herein, degradable CDs (De-CDs) with biocompatibility and non-toxicity is successfully prepared using the one-step electrolytic method. De-CDs can effectively inhibit P. globosa (algae associated with red tide) growth. More importantly, the De-CDs not only can attenuate the toxicity of toxins released by P. globosa, but also can be degraded under visible-light irradiation in the seawater and avoids environmental leakage. The successful preparation of De-CDs provides a new idea for degradable materials with anti-red tide algae in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology (Agricultural College of Yangzhou University), Research Institute of Smart Agriculture (Agricultural College of Yangzhou University), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Chengming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology (Agricultural College of Yangzhou University), Research Institute of Smart Agriculture (Agricultural College of Yangzhou University), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mengling Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huibo Wang
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jun Song
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Gao Y, Xu S, Qiao J, Wang C, Wang K, Sun J, Liu L, Li L, Liang M, Hu K. AZIN2 is associated with apoptosis of germ cells in undescended testis. Cells Dev 2024:203925. [PMID: 38797332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Undescended testis (UDT), known as cryptorchidism (CRY), is a common congenital disorder in which one or both testicles do not descend normally into the scrotum. A unilateral UDT model was established by inducing UDT in mice through surgery. The results showed that the testis in the UDT model group was abnormal; the lumen of the seminiferous tubule was atrophic; apoptosis, necrosis and shedding were observed in many of the germ cells; the level of sex hormones was abnormal; and mature sperm was reduced. Subsequently, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on the testicular tissue of UDT model mice. Through analysis and verification of differential genes, AZIN2 was identified as playing a key role in the decline in male fertility caused by cryptorchidism. AZIN2 expression and spermine content was down-regulated in the testis of the UDT group. We then used a combination of hypoxanthine and xanthine to create a GC-1 cell damage model. In this model, AZIN2 expression and spermine content was down-regulated. When si-Azin2 transfected GC-1 cells, cell viability and proliferation were decreased. However, in the GC-1 cell damage model transfected with Azin2 over-expressed plasmid, AZIN2 expression and spermine content was up-regulated, reversing the cell damage caused by hypoxanthine and xanthine, and restoring the proliferation ability of GC-1 cells. These results indicate that in UDT, down-regulated AZIN2 expression is a factor in testicular damage. This discussion of the connection between AZIN2 and germ cells has important clinical significance as it provides an important reference for the diagnosis and treatment of cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Gao
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Xu
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Qiao
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixian Wang
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpei Sun
- First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Leina Li
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liang
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Hu
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Algicidal process and mechanisms of Enterobacter hormaechei F2 revealed by an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic approach. Genomics 2023; 115:110586. [PMID: 36796656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Controlling eutrophication with algicidal bacteria is widely recognized as an effective solution. Here, an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic approach was used to elucidate the algicidal process of Enterobacter hormaechei F2, which exhibits substantial algicidal activity. At the transcriptome level, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) identified 1104 differentially expressed genes in the algicidal process of the strain, thus indicating that amino acids, energy metabolism, and signaling-related genes were significantly activated during the algicidal process according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. By analyzing the enriched amino acid and energy metabolism pathways using metabolomics, we identified 38 upregulated and 255 downregulated significantly changed metabolites in the algicidal process and an accumulation of B vitamins, peptides, and energy substances. The integrated analysis demonstrated that energy and amino acid metabolism, co-enzymes and vitamins, and bacterial chemotaxis are the most important pathways for the algicidal process of this strain, and metabolites from these pathways, such as thiomethyladenosine, isopentenyl diphosphate, hypoxanthine, xanthine, nicotinamide, and thiamine, all exhibited algicidal activity.
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Cai G, Yu X, Cai R, Wang H. Eliminating the ecological hazards of Heterosigma akashiwo bloom by a microbial algicide: removal of nitrite contamination, redirection of carbon flow and restoration of metabolic generalists. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 99:6955817. [PMID: 36546573 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) attracted much attention due to their extensive ecological hazards and the increasing influences on global biogeochemical cycles with the intensification of human impact and global warming. Lysing algal cells with species-specific microbial algicide seemed to be promising to eliminate HABs, but the potential ecotoxicity was rarely studied. In this study, microcosms simulating Heterosigma akashiwo blooms were established to reveal the influences of a microbial algicide from Streptomyces sp. U3 on the biological, physicochemical parameters and bacterial community. The results showed that H. akashiwo bloom accumulated nitrite to a lethal dose, produced bio-labile DOM with widespread influences and enriched pathogenic Coxiella to a high abundance. Lysing H. akashiwo cells by microbial algicide induced a bacterial bloom, eliminated nitrite contamination, enhanced the recalcitrance of DOM, and restored bacterial population from a Gammaproteobacteria-dominant community during bloom back to an Alphaproteobacteria-dominant community similar to the non-bloom seawater. Succession of bacterial genera further suggested that the variation from algal exudates to lysates promoted the restoration of metabolic generalists, which redirected the carbon flow to a less ecologically impactive path. This study revealed the benefits of using microbial algicide to remediate the ecological hazards of HABs, which provided references for future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjing Cai
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Runlin Cai
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
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