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Zhang Y, Hu Y, Talarico R, Qiu X, Schwartz J, Fell DB, Oskoui M, Lavigne E, Messerlian C. Prenatal Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Cerebral Palsy. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2420717. [PMID: 38980674 PMCID: PMC11234239 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.20717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Air pollution is associated with structural brain changes, disruption of neurogenesis, and neurodevelopmental disorders. The association between prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of cerebral palsy (CP), which is the most common motor disability in childhood, has not been thoroughly investigated. Objective To evaluate the associations between prenatal residential exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of CP among children born at term gestation in a population cohort in Ontario, Canada. Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada using linked, province-wide health administrative databases. Participants were singleton full term births (≥37 gestational weeks) born in Ontario hospitals between April 1, 2002, and March 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from January to December 2022. Exposures Weekly average concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter with a diameter 2.5 μm (PM2.5) or smaller, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) during pregnancy assigned by maternal residence reported at delivery from satellite-based estimates and ground-level monitoring data. Main outcome and measures CP cases were ascertained by a single inpatient hospitalization diagnosis or at least 2 outpatient diagnoses for children from birth to age 18 years. Results The present study included 1 587 935 mother-child pairs who reached term gestation, among whom 3170 (0.2%) children were diagnosed with CP. The study population had a mean (SD) maternal age of 30.1 (5.6) years and 811 745 infants (51.1%) were male. A per IQR increase (2.7 μg/m3) in prenatal ambient PM2.5 concentration was associated with a cumulative hazard ratio (CHR) of 1.12 (95% CI, 1.03-1.21) for CP. The CHR in male infants (1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.26) was higher compared with the CHR in female infants (1.08; 95% CI, 0.96-1.22). No specific window of susceptibility was found for prenatal PM2.5 exposure and CP in the study population. No associations or windows of susceptibility were found for prenatal NO2 or O3 exposure and CP risk. Conclusions and relevance In this large cohort study of singleton full term births in Canada, prenatal ambient PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increased risk of CP in offspring. Further studies are needed to explore this association and its potential biological pathways, which could advance the identification of environmental risk factors of CP in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuhong Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Talarico
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xinye Qiu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deshayne B Fell
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Now with Pfizer, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maryam Oskoui
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Lavigne
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston
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Du L, Ye F, Gao W, Yang A, Luan J, Xu M, Lv K, Hu P, Liu B, Yu H, Wang Y, Huang W, Shu N, Ouyang G, Yin Q, Shmuel A, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Xu P, Ma G. Decreased brain iron deposition based on quantitative susceptibility mapping correlates with reduced neurodevelopmental status in children with autism spectrum disorder. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:63-71. [PMID: 38696609 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate potential correlations between the susceptibility values of certain brain regions and the severity of disease or neurodevelopmental status in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 18 ASD children and 15 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The neurodevelopmental status was assessed by the Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) and the severity of the disease was evaluated by the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). Eleven brain regions were selected as regions of interest and the susceptibility values were measured by quantitative susceptibility mapping. To evaluate the diagnostic capacity of susceptibility values in distinguishing ASD and HC, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was computed. Pearson and Spearman partial correlation analysis were used to depict the correlations between the susceptibility values, the ABC scores, and the GDS scores in the ASD group. ROC curves showed that the susceptibility values of the left and right frontal white matter had a larger area under the curve in the ASD group. The susceptibility value of the right globus pallidus was positively correlated with the GDS-fine motor scale score. These findings indicated that the susceptibility value of the right globus pallidus might be a viable imaging biomarker for evaluating the neurodevelopmental status of ASD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Du
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Radiology, the Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, No. 6 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Aocai Yang
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jixin Luan
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Manxi Xu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kuan Lv
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pianpian Hu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Road, Haidian, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ni Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Road, Haidian, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Gaoxiang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Road, Haidian, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qian Yin
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Road, Haidian, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Amir Shmuel
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 45 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Physiology, and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 45 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guolin Ma
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
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Krakauer KN, Cevallos PC, Amakiri UO, Saldana GM, Lipman KJ, Howell LK, Wan DC, Khosla RK, Nazerali R, Sheckter CC. US air pollution is associated with increased incidence of non-syndromic cleft lip/palate. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 88:344-351. [PMID: 38064913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Maternal cigarette use is associated with the fetal development of orofacial clefts. Air pollution should be investigated for similar causation. We hypothesize that the incidence of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCLP) and non-syndromic cleft palate (NSCP) would be positively correlated with air pollution concentration. METHODS The incidence of NSCLP and NSCP per 1000 live births from 2016 to 2020 was extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vital Statistics Database and merged with national reports on air pollution using the Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality Systems annual data. The most commonly reported pollutants were analyzed including benzene, sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM) 2.5, PM 10, ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO). Multivariable negative binomial and Poisson log-linear regression models evaluated the incidence of NSCLP and NSCP as a function of the pollutants, adjusting for race. All p-values are reported with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS The median NSCLP incidence was 0.22/1000 births, and isolated NSCP incidence was 0.18/1000 births. For NSCLP, SO2 had a coefficient estimate (CE) of 0.60 (95% CI [0.23, 0.98], p < 0.007) and PM 2.5 had a CE of 0.20 (95% CI [0.10, 0.31], p < 0.005). Among isolated NSCP, no pollutants were found to be significantly associated. CONCLUSION SO2 and PM 2.5 were significantly correlated with increased incidence of NSCLP. The American people and perinatal practitioners should be aware of the connection to allow for risk reduction and in utero screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsi N Krakauer
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Priscila C Cevallos
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Uche O Amakiri
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Golddy M Saldana
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4610 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kelsey J Lipman
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lori K Howell
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rohit K Khosla
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rahim Nazerali
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Clifford C Sheckter
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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Fu J, Lin Q, Ai B, Li M, Luo W, Huang S, Yu H, Yang Y, Lin H, Wei J, Su X, Zhang Z. Associations between maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and trajectories of infant growth: A birth cohort study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115792. [PMID: 38064789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the relationships between infants' growth trajectories and prenatal exposure to air pollution, which is still under-investigated. METHODS A birth cohort study was constructed using medical records of pregnant women and infants born between 2015 and 2019 in Foshan, China. Using satellite-based spatial-temporal models, prenatal exposure to air pollutants including particulate matter with an aerodynamic dimension of < 2.5 µm (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) was assessed at each woman's residence. Latent class growth modeling was used to identify trajectories of physical (body length and weight) growth and neurodevelopment, which were repeatedly measured within 1 year after birth. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between prenatal exposure to air pollution and the risks of growth disorders, adjusting for an array of potential confounders. RESULTS We identified two growth trajectories for body length [normal: 3829 (93%); retardation: 288 (7%)], three for weight [normal: 2475 (59.6%); retardation: 390 (9.4%); overgrowth: 1287 (31%)], and two for neurodevelopment [normal: 956 (66.1%); retardation: 491 (33.9%)]. For exposure over whole pregnancy, SO2 was associated with an increased risk of body length retardation (OR for per 1 µg/m3 increment: 1.09, 95%CI: 1.01-1.17); PM2.5 (OR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.03-1.07), SO2 (OR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.08-1.22), and NO2 (OR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.03-1.07) were positively associated with neurodevelopmental retardation. Such associations appeared stronger for exposures over the first and second trimesters. No significant associations were detected for weight growth. CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy was associated with higher risks of impairments in both physical growth, particularly body length, and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Lin
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Baozhuo Ai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijun Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Luo
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Saijun Huang
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xi Su
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Lee KS, Min WK, Choi YJ, Jin S, Park KH, Kim S. The Effect of Maternal Exposure to Air Pollutants and Heavy Metals during Pregnancy on the Risk of Neurological Disorders Using the National Health Insurance Claims Data of South Korea. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050951. [PMID: 37241184 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of high levels of maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and heavy metals on risks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy using the National Health Insurance claims data of South Korea. The data of mothers and their newborns from 2016 to 2018 provided by the National Health Insurance Service were used (n = 843,134). Data on exposure to ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, CO, SO2, NO2, and O3) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, and As) during pregnancy were matched based on the mother's National Health Insurance registration area. SO2 (OR: 2.723, 95% CI: 1.971-3.761) and Pb (OR: 1.063, 95% CI: 1.019-1.11) were more closely associated with the incidence of ASD when infants were exposed to them in the third trimester of pregnancy. Pb (OR: 1.109, 95% CI: 1.043-1.179) in the first trimester of pregnancy and Cd (OR: 2.193, 95% CI: 1.074-4.477) in the third trimester of pregnancy were associated with the incidence of epilepsy. Thus, exposure to SO2, NO2, and Pb during pregnancy could affect the development of a neurologic disorder based on the timing of exposure, suggesting a relationship with fetal development. However, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen Su Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eulji University Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kee Min
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejong Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hee Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Gheissari R, Liao J, Garcia E, Pavlovic N, Gilliland FD, Xiang AH, Chen Z. Health Outcomes in Children Associated with Prenatal and Early-Life Exposures to Air Pollution: A Narrative Review. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080458. [PMID: 36006137 PMCID: PMC9415268 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis links adverse fetal exposures with developmental mal-adaptations and morbidity later in life. Short- and long-term exposures to air pollutants are known contributors to health outcomes; however, the potential for developmental health effects of air pollution exposures during gestation or early-childhood have yet to be reviewed and synthesized from a DOHaD lens. The objective of this study is to summarize the literature on cardiovascular and metabolic, respiratory, allergic, and neuropsychological health outcomes, from prenatal development through early childhood, associated with early-life exposures to outdoor air pollutants, including traffic-related and wildfire-generated air pollutants. (2) Methods: We conducted a search using PubMed and the references of articles previously known to the authors. We selected papers that investigated health outcomes during fetal or childhood development in association with early-life ambient or source-specific air pollution exposure. (3) Results: The current literature reports that prenatal and early-childhood exposures to ambient and traffic-related air pollutants are associated with a range of adverse outcomes in early life, including cardiovascular and metabolic, respiratory and allergic, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Very few studies have investigated associations between wildfire-related air pollution exposure and health outcomes during prenatal, postnatal, or childhood development. (4) Conclusion: Evidence from January 2000 to January 2022 supports a role for prenatal and early-childhood air pollution exposures adversely affecting health outcomes during development. Future studies are needed to identify both detrimental air pollutants from the exposure mixture and critical exposure time periods, investigate emerging exposure sources such as wildfire, and develop feasible interventional tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Gheissari
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jiawen Liao
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Erika Garcia
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Nathan Pavlovic
- Sonoma Technology Inc., 1450 N. McDowell Blvd., Suite 200, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA
| | - Frank D. Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Anny H. Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Hu W, Kong X, Wang H, Li Y, Luo Y. Ischemic stroke and intestinal flora: an insight into brain-gut axis. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:73. [PMID: 35614480 PMCID: PMC9131669 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a type of cerebrovascular disease that significantly endangers human health and lowers quality of life. This understandably places a heavy burden on society and families. In recent years, intestinal flora has attracted increasing attention from scholars worldwide, and its association with ischemic stroke is becoming a hot topic of research amongst researchers in field of stroke. After suffering from a stroke, intestinal microbial dysbiosis leads to increased intestinal permeability and activation of the intestinal immune system, which in turn leads to ectopic intestinal bacteria and pro-inflammatory cells that enter brain tissue through the damaged blood-brain barrier. This exacerbates ischemia-reperfusion injury. Interestingly, after a stroke, some metabolites produced by the intestinal flora attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing the post-stroke inflammatory response and promotes the repair of neurological function. Here we elucidate the changes in gut flora after occurrence of a stroke and highlight the immunomodulatory processes of the post-stroke gut flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Hu
- Department of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China.,Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yunqing Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yimin Luo
- Department of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China.
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