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Yu J, Liu X, Yang B, Li X, Wang P, Yuan B, Wang M, Liang T, Shi P, Li R, Cheng H, Li F. Major influencing factors identification and probabilistic health risk assessment of soil potentially toxic elements pollution in coal and metal mines across China: A systematic review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116231. [PMID: 38503102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Deposition of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils due to different types of mining activities has been an increasingly important concern worldwide. Quantitative differences of soil PTEs contamination and related health risk among typical mines remain unclear. Herein, data from 110 coal mines and 168 metal mines across China were analyzed based on 265 published literatures to evaluate pollution characteristics, spatial distribution, and probabilistic health risks of soil PTEs. The results showed that PTE levels in soil from both mine types significantly exceeded background values. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) revealed metal-mine soil pollution levels exceeded those of coal mines, with average Igeo values for Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cu, and Zn being 3.02-15.60 times higher. Spearman correlation and redundancy analysis identified natural and anthropogenic factors affecting soil PTE contamination in both mine types. Mining activities posed a significant carcinogenic risk, with metal-mine soils showing a total carcinogenic risk an order of magnitude higher than in coal-mine soils. This study provides policymakers a quantitative foundation for developing differentiated strategies for sustainable remediation and risk-based management of PTEs in typical mining soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Bei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Minghao Wang
- China Metallurgical Industry Planning and Research Institute, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Tian Liang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Renyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Inner Mongolia, 010020, China
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fasheng Li
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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2
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Li Y, Zhou W, Huang X, Wang Y, Liang J, Liu Y, Tong M. Is crystalline chromium phosphate environmentally stable? A study on the formation, dissolution and oxidation risk of CrPO 4·6H 2O. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133112. [PMID: 38043420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination in soil and groundwater is usually remediated via reduction techniques. The formation of crystalline chromium phosphate (CrPO4·6 H2O) occurs as a byproduct during Cr(VI) remediation processes in the presence of phosphate, yet its stability in the environment has received limited attention. In this study, the formation conditions, structure, properties, and risks associated with the dissolution and oxidation of CrPO4·6 H2O were comprehensively assessed. Results showed that crystalline CrPO4·6 H2O was formed under pH 5 - 7 at room temperature. CrPO4·6 H2O exhibits higher dissolution risk compared to Cr(OH)3·3 H2O due to a long Cr-P bond (4.2 Å). H+ and OH- increased the risk of dissolution at pH 5 and 11, respectively, owing to the formation of CrH2PO42+ and Cr(OH)4-. In addition, under faintly acidic conditions, the high solubility of CrPO4·6 H2O increases the risk of oxidation; under neutral and weakly alkaline conditions, the presence of positively charged Cr(H2O)63+ structures on the surface elevates its susceptibility to contact and oxidation by δ-MnO2 compared to Cr(OH)3·3 H2O. Specifically, at pH 11, the conversion of CrPO4·6 H2O to Cr(OH)3·3 H2O results in similar oxidation risks for both Cr(III) precipitates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
| | - Wenshuai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Xinmiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Yangsheng Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Meiping Tong
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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Zhou Y, Jiang D, Ding D, Wei J, Xie W, Zhu X, Deng S, Long T, Wu Y. Comprehensive distribution characteristics and factors affecting the migration of chromium in a typical chromium slag-contaminated site with a long history in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21881-21893. [PMID: 38400974 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The contamination of abandoned chromium slag-contaminated sites poses serious threats to human health and the environment. Therefore, improving the understanding of their distribution characteristics and health risks by multiple information is necessary. This study explored the distribution, accumulation characteristic, and the role in the migration process of chromium. The results showed that the contents of total Cr and Cr (VI) ranged from 12.00 to 7400.00 mg/kg, and 0.25 to 2160.00 mg/kg, respectively. The average contents of both total Cr and Cr (VI) reached the highest value at the depth of 7-9 m, where the silt layer retaining total Cr and Cr (VI) was. The spatial distribution analysis revealed that the total contamination area percentages of total Cr and Cr (VI) reached 7.87% and 90.02% in the mixed fill layer, and reduced to 1.21% and 34.53% in the silty layer, and the same heavily polluted areas were located in the open chromium residue storage. Soil pH and moisture content were the major factors controlling the migration of total Cr and Cr(VI) in soils. Results of probabilistic health risk assessment revealed that carcinogenic risk was negligible for adults and children, and the sensitive analysis implied that the content of Cr(VI) was the predominant contributor to carcinogenic risk. The combination of chemical reduction and microbial remediation could be the feasible remediation strategy for soil Cr(VI) pollution. Overall, this study provides scientific information into the chromium post-remediation and pollution management for various similar chromium-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengdeng Jiang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da Ding
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyi Xie
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaopo Deng
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Long
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunjin Wu
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China.
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Xu R, Wang YN, Li S, Sun Y, Gao Y, Guo L, Wang H. Effective Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization in chromite ore processing residue (COPR) contaminated soils by ferrous sulfate and digestate: A comparative investigation with typical reducing agents. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115522. [PMID: 37769582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reduction combined with microbial stabilization is a green and efficient method for the remediation of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contaminated soil. In this study, the combination of ferrous sulfate with kitchen waste digestate was applied to reduce and immobilize Cr(VI) in chromite ore processing residue (COPR) contaminated soils, and systematically evaluated the remediation performance of Cr(VI) compared with several typical reducing agents (i.e., ferrous sulfate, zero valent iron, sodium thiosulfate, ferrous sulfide, and calcium polysulfide). The results showed that the combination of ferrous sulfate and digestate had superior advantages of a lower dosage of reducing agent and a long-term remediation effect compared to other single chemical reductants. Under an Fe(II):Cr(VI) molar ratio of 3:1% and 4% digestate (wt), the content of Cr(VI) in the soil decreased to 5.07 mg/kg after 60 days of remediation. Meanwhile, the leaching concentrations of Cr(VI) were below detection limit, which can meet the hazardous waste toxicity leaching standard. The risk level of Cr pollution was decreased from very high risk to low risk. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results further demonstrated that the combined treatments were beneficial to Cr(VI) reduction and stabilization. The abundance of bacteria with Cr(VI) reducing ability was higher than other treatments. Moreover, the high abundance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the combined treatments demonstrated that the addition of digestate was beneficial to the recovery and flourishing of Cr(VI)-reducing related microorganisms in COPR contaminated soils. This work provided an alternative way on Cr(VI) remediation in COPR contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.
| | - Shupeng Li
- Beijing Construction Engineering Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Safety Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Ying Gao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Lili Guo
- Beijing Construction Engineering Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Safety Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.
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5
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Ali S, Mir RA, Tyagi A, Manzar N, Kashyap AS, Mushtaq M, Raina A, Park S, Sharma S, Mir ZA, Lone SA, Bhat AA, Baba U, Mahmoudi H, Bae H. Chromium Toxicity in Plants: Signaling, Mitigation, and Future Perspectives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12071502. [PMID: 37050128 PMCID: PMC10097182 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants are very often confronted by different heavy metal (HM) stressors that adversely impair their growth and productivity. Among HMs, chromium (Cr) is one of the most prevalent toxic trace metals found in agricultural soils because of anthropogenic activities, lack of efficient treatment, and unregulated disposal. It has a huge detrimental impact on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular traits of crops, in addition to being carcinogenic to humans. In soil, Cr exists in different forms, including Cr (III) "trivalent" and Cr (VI) "hexavalent", but the most pervasive and severely hazardous form to the biota is Cr (VI). Despite extensive research on the effects of Cr stress, the exact molecular mechanisms of Cr sensing, uptake, translocation, phytotoxicity, transcript processing, translation, post-translational protein modifications, as well as plant defensive responses are still largely unknown. Even though plants lack a Cr transporter system, it is efficiently accumulated and transported by other essential ion transporters, hence posing a serious challenge to the development of Cr-tolerant cultivars. In this review, we discuss Cr toxicity in plants, signaling perception, and transduction. Further, we highlight various mitigation processes for Cr toxicity in plants, such as microbial, chemical, and nano-based priming. We also discuss the biotechnological advancements in mitigating Cr toxicity in plants using plant and microbiome engineering approaches. Additionally, we also highlight the role of molecular breeding in mitigating Cr toxicity in sustainable agriculture. Finally, some conclusions are drawn along with potential directions for future research in order to better comprehend Cr signaling pathways and its mitigation in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakeeb A. Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal 191201, India
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Nazia Manzar
- Plant Pathology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India
| | - Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap
- Plant Pathology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India
| | - Muntazir Mushtaq
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University, Bajhol 173229, India
| | - Aamir Raina
- Mutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Suvin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandhya Sharma
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Zahoor A. Mir
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Showkat A. Lone
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Ajaz A. Bhat
- Govt. Degree College for Women, University of Kashmir, Baramulla 193101, India
| | - Uqab Baba
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Henda Mahmoudi
- Directorate of Programs, International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai P.O. Box 14660, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Zhao D, Liu X, Zhao B, Xue J, Yan Z, Hong Z, Zhai G, Peng M, Zhang W, Hu L, Mao L. Preparation of a novel iron oxychloride (FeOCl) auxiliary electrode in promoting electrokinetic remediation of Cr(VI) contaminated soil: An experimental and DFT calculation analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130152. [PMID: 36244104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of auxiliary electrode can improve substantially the electrokinetic remediation efficiency of heavy metal contaminated soil. The increase in the auxiliary electrode performance is the key to further promote the electrokinetic remediation efficiency. In this study, two kinds of auxiliary electrodes, pure FeOCl and doped FeOCl with W and S, were prepared and used in the electrokinetic remediation of Cr(VI) contaminated soil. The system equipped with the auxiliary electrode doped FeOCl brought more stable system current (202 mA) and more uniform electric field than blank group (130 mA). The reduction rate of Cr(VI) was increased by 50% due to the presence of Fe2+ and S2-. The accelerating migration of ions by auxiliary electrode was responsible for the improvement in electrokinetic remediation efficiency. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation showed that Cl vacancy formation energies of pure FeOCl, S-doped FeOCl (S/FeOCl) and W-doped FeOCl (W/FeOCl) were 1.29, 1.15 and 1.49 eV respectively, and the ion diffusion barriers were 0.093, 0.099 and 0.148 eV respectively. Calculation results indicated that the doping of S was conducive to the diffusion of Cl ions, and the bonding of W-Cl was stronger than Fe-Cl. The charging and discharging process of auxiliary electrode became easier due to the formation of lower vacancy in S-doped FeOCl, which could bring a higher current for the electrokinetic remediation system. The electrochemical performance of FeOCl doped with W and S was improved obviously. This study provided a further explanation for the positive role of auxiliary electrode in electrokinetic remediation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingsheng Zhao
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Bincheng Zhao
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jinhui Xue
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhuang Yan
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ziwen Hong
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Guangqun Zhai
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Mingguo Peng
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Linchao Hu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Linqiang Mao
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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7
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Xu R, Wang YN, Sun Y, Wang H, Gao Y, Li S, Guo L, Gao L. External sodium acetate improved Cr(VI) stabilization in a Cr-spiked soil during chemical-microbial reduction processes: Insights into Cr(VI) reduction performance, microbial community and metabolic functions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114566. [PMID: 36680991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interest combined chemical and microbial reduction for Cr(VI) remediation in contaminated sites has greatly increased. However, the effect of external carbon sources on Cr(VI) reduction during chemical-microbial reduction processes has not been studied. Therefore, in this study, the role of external sodium acetate (SA) in improving Cr(VI) reduction and stabilization in a representative Cr(VI)-spiked soils was systemically investigated. The results of batch experiments suggested that the soil Cr(VI) content declined from 1000 mg/kg to 2.6-5.1 mg/kg at 1-5 g C/kg SA supplemented within 15 days of reaction. The external addition of SA resulted in a significant increase in the relative abundances of Cr(VI)-reducing microorganisms, such as Tissierella, Proteiniclasticum and Proteiniclasticum. The relative abundance of Tissierella increased from 9.1% to 29.8% with the SA treatment at 5 g C/kg soil, which was the main contributors to microbial Cr(VI) reduction. Redundancy analysis indicated that pH and SA were the predominant factors affecting the microbial community in the SA treatments at 2 g C/kg soil and 5 g C/kg soil. Functional prediction suggested that the addition of SA had a positive effect on the metabolism of key substances involved in Cr(VI) microbial reduction. This work provides new insightful guidance on Cr(VI) remediation in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Ying Gao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- Beijing Construction Engineering Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., National Engineering Laboratory for Safety Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Lili Guo
- Beijing Construction Engineering Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., National Engineering Laboratory for Safety Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Marine Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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Rashid MS, Liu G, Yousaf B, Hamid Y, Rehman A, Arif M, Ahmed R, Ashraf A, Song Y. A critical review on biochar-assisted free radicals mediated redox reactions influencing transformation of potentially toxic metals: Occurrence, formation, and environmental applications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120335. [PMID: 36202269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic metals have become a viable threat to the ecosystem due to their carcinogenic nature. Biochar has gained substantial interest due to its redox-mediated processes and redox-active metals. Biochar has the capacity to directly adsorb the pollutants from contaminated environments through several mechanisms such as coprecipitation, complexation, ion exchange, and electrostatic interaction. Biochar's electron-mediating potential may be influenced by the cyclic transition of surface moieties and conjugated carbon structures. Thus, pyrolysis configuration, biomass material, retention time, oxygen flow, and heating time also affect biochar's redox properties. Generally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) exist as free radicals (FRs) in radical and non-radical forms, i.e., hydroxyl radical, superoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and singlet oxygen. Heavy metals are involved in the production of FRs during redox-mediated reactions, which may contribute to ROS formation. This review aims to critically evaluate the redox-mediated characteristics of biochar produced from various biomass feedstocks under different pyrolysis conditions. In addition, we assessed the impact of biochar-assisted FRs redox-mediated processes on heavy metal immobilization and mobility. We also revealed new insights into the function of FRs in biochar and its potential uses for environment-friendly remediation and reducing the dependency on fossil-based materials, utilizing local residual biomass as a raw material in terms of sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Aniqa Ashraf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Yu Song
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China
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9
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Ulhassan Z, Khan I, Hussain M, Khan AR, Hamid Y, Hussain S, Allakhverdiev SI, Zhou W. Efficacy of metallic nanoparticles in attenuating the accumulation and toxicity of chromium in plants: Current knowledge and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120390. [PMID: 36244495 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have emerged as cutting-edge technology for the improvement of crops yield and safe cultivation of agricultural plants, especially in peripheral areas impaired with toxic heavy metals including chromium (Cr). The uncontrolled release of Cr mainly from anthropogenic factors is substantially polluting the surrounding environment, thereby extensively accumulated in soil-plant system. The excessive Cr-accretion in plant tissues disturbed the morph-physiological, biochemical, cellular, metabolic and molecular processes, and impaired the plants functionality. Therefore, it is obligatory to restrict the accumulation and toxic effects of Cr in plant organs. Recent studies on metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) such as iron oxide, silicon dioxide, copper oxide and zinc oxide have approved their efficacy as potent pool to curb the Cr-induced phytotoxicities and improved the plant tolerance. MNPs attenuated the bioaccumulation and phytotoxicity of Cr by utilizing key mechanisms such as improved photosynthetic machinery, regulation of cellular metabolites, greater chelation capacity to bind with Cr, release of corresponding metallic ions, upsurge in the uptake of essential nutrients, activation of antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic), reduction in oxidative stress, and cellular injuries, thus improvement in plant growth performances. We have briefly discussed the current knowledge and research gaps in existing literature along with possible recommendations for future research. Overall, Cr-detoxification by MNPs may depends upon the target plant species, Cr speciation, plant growth stages (seedling, vegetative and ripening etc.), treatment methods (foliar spray, seed priming and nutrient solution etc.), type, size, dose and coating of applied MNPs, and conditions (hydroponic and soil environment etc.). This review would help plant scientists to develop MNPs based strategies such as nano-fertilizers to alleviate the Cr-accumulation and its toxic impacts. This may leads to safe and healthy food production. The review outcomes can provide new horizons for research in the applications of MNPs for the sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Ulhassan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Imran Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Muzammil Hussain
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Ali Raza Khan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sajad Hussain
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, 127276, Moscow, Russia
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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10
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Qi S, Li X, Luo J, Han R, Chen Q, Shen D, Shentu J. Soil heterogeneity influence on the distribution of heavy metals in soil during acid rain infiltration: Experimental and numerical modeling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 322:116144. [PMID: 36067661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain is a global environmental problem that mobilizes heavy metals in soils, while the distribution and geochemical fraction of heavy metals during acid rain infiltration in heterogeneous soils are still unclear. In this study, we performed column experiments to investigate the distribution and geochemical fraction of Cu, Pb, Ni and Cd in heterogeneously layered soils during continuous acid rain infiltration. Chloride ion used as a conservative tracer was found to be uniformly distributed during acid rain infiltration, showing insignificant preferential flow effects in the column. In contrast, however, the distribution of heavy metals was highly non-uniform, especially in the silty soil at the lower part of the column, indicating a heterogeneous distribution of adsorption capacity. In addition, in the control experiments with neutral rain infiltration, uniform distribution of heavy metals was observed, indicating that the heterogeneous distribution of adsorption coefficient during acid rain infiltration was mainly caused by different pH buffering capacities. A numerical model considering water flow and solute transport was developed, where the average water-solid distribution coefficient (Kd) in Layer 2 was only 1.5-12.5% of that in Layer 1 during acid rain infiltration. The model could predict the variation of heavy metal concentrations in soil with the majority of error less than 35%, confirming that different Kd induced the heterogeneous distribution of heavy metals. In addition, the geochemical fraction of heavy metals in the upper coarse sand layer remained stable, while the acid-extractable fractions in the lower loam and silt loam layer gradually increased. Our findings suggest that soil heterogeneity, especially chemical heterogeneity affected by rainfall acidity, has an important influence on the infiltration, migration and geochemical fraction of heavy metals in soils. This study could help guide the risk assessment of heavy metal-contaminated sites that were polluted by acid rain or landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqi Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China
| | - Jian Luo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0355, United States
| | - Ruifang Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Jiali Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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11
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Singh S, Kumar Naik TSS, Chauhan V, Shehata N, Kaur H, Dhanjal DS, Marcelino LA, Bhati S, Subramanian S, Singh J, Ramamurthy PC. Ecological effects, remediation, distribution, and sensing techniques of chromium. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135804. [PMID: 35932914 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is detected in most ecosystems due to the increased anthropogenic activities in addition to that developed from natural pollution. Chromium contamination in the food chain results due to its persistent and non-degradable nature. The release of chromium in the ecosystem accretes and thereafter impacts different life forms, including humans, aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Leaching of chromium into the ground and surface water triggers several health ailments, such as dermatitis, eczematous skin, allergic reactions, mucous and skin membrane ulcerations, allergic asthmatic reactions, bronchial carcinoma and gastroenteritis. Physiological and biological treatments for the removal of chromium have been discussed in depth in the present communication. Adsorption and biological treatment methods are proven to be alternatives to chemical removal techniques in terms of cost-effectiveness and low sludge formation. Chromium sensing is an alternative approach for regular monitoring of chromium in different water bodies. This review intended to explore different classes of sensors for chromium monitoring. However, the spectrochemical methods are more sensitive in chromium ions sensing than electrochemical methods. Future study should focus on miniaturization for portability and on-site measurements without requiring a large instrument provides a good aspect for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - T S Sunil Kumar Naik
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Vishakha Chauhan
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Nabila Shehata
- Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Harry Kaur
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Liliana Aguilar Marcelino
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinariaen Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Jiutepec, Morelos, C.P, 62550, Mexico
| | - Shipra Bhati
- Department of Chemistry, The Oxford College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560068, India
| | - S Subramanian
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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12
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Matei E, Predescu AM, Șăulean AA, Râpă M, Sohaciu MG, Coman G, Berbecaru AC, Predescu C, Vâju D, Vlad G. Ferrous Industrial Wastes-Valuable Resources for Water and Wastewater Decontamination. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13951. [PMID: 36360832 PMCID: PMC9657322 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ferrous waste by-products from the metallurgical industry have a high potential for valorization in the context of the circular economy, and can be converted to value-added products used in environmental remediation. This research reviews the latest data available in the literature with a focus on: (i) sources from which these types of iron-based wastes originate; (ii) the types of ferrous compounds that result from different industries; (iii) the different methods (with respect to the circular economy) used to convert them into products applied in water and wastewater decontamination; (iv) the harmful effects ferrous wastes can have on the environment and human health; and (v) the future perspectives for these types of waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecaterina Matei
- Faculty of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andra Mihaela Predescu
- Faculty of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Andreea Șăulean
- Faculty of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Râpă
- Faculty of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirela Gabriela Sohaciu
- Faculty of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Coman
- Faculty of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei-Constantin Berbecaru
- Faculty of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Predescu
- Faculty of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dumitru Vâju
- ICPE Bistrita, 7 Parcului Street, 420035 Bistrita, Romania
| | - Grigore Vlad
- ICPE Bistrita, 7 Parcului Street, 420035 Bistrita, Romania
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13
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Qing Z, Guijian L, Shuchuan P, Chuncai Z, Arif M. Immobilization of hexavalent chromium in soil-plant environment using calcium silicate hydrate synthesized from coal gangue. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135438. [PMID: 35750229 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of excessive hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in the contaminated soils and plants has become a global environmental issue due to its toxicity and carcinogenicity. This work investigated the feasibility of immobilizing Cr(VI) in the soil-plant environment using calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) synthesized from coal gangue. The results revealed that the C-S-H amendment increased soil pH and organic matter (OM), which further promoted Cr(VI) immobilization. Results also revealed that exchangeable and carbonate bound fractions of Cr were either converted into Fe/Mn oxide and OM bound fractions of Cr or hardly released residual fraction of Cr due to C-S-H treatment. The C-S-H accelerated conversion of Cr(VI) into Cr(III) promoting plant growth and alleviating the toxic effect of Cr(VI). Cr(VI) was mainly immobilized and accumulated in the plant roots which resulted in comparatively lower Cr(VI) content in the edible part of plants. The exchangeable fraction of Cr in soil could be used as a bioavailability evaluation index of Cr(VI) in plants. In short, C-S-H was proved to be a practical and environmentally friendly amendment for in-situ immobilization of Cr(VI) contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Qing
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China
| | - Liu Guijian
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Peng Shuchuan
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China.
| | - Zhou Chuncai
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
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14
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Song P, Xu D, Yue J, Ma Y, Dong S, Feng J. Recent advances in soil remediation technology for heavy metal contaminated sites: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156417. [PMID: 35662604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing development of industry and urbanization, heavy metal contaminated sites have become progressively conspicuous, particularly by unreasonable emissions from electroplating, nonferrous metals smelting, mine tailing, etc. In recent years, soil remediation technologies for heavy metal contaminated sites have developed rapidly. New and effective remediation technologies have emerged successively, and more successful practical applications have appeared. Therefore, systematical summarization of the current progress is essential. As a result, in this paper, some mainstream soil remediation technologies for heavy metal contaminated sites, including physical remediation (soil thermal desorption and soil replacement), bioremediation (phytoremediation and microbial remediation), chemical remediation (chemical leaching, chemical stabilization, electrokinetic remediation-permeable reactive barrier, and chemical oxidation/reduction), as well as various combined remediation are comprehensively reviewed. The influencing factors, advantages, disadvantages, remediation mechanism, and practical applications are also deeply discussed. Besides, the corresponding remediation strategies are put forward for the remediation of heavily polluted sites such as the chemical industry, smelting, and tailing areas. Overall, this review will be beneficial for the in-depth understanding and provide references for the reasonable selection and development of soil remediation technology for heavy metal contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Yue
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Yuanchen Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Shujun Dong
- Hunan University of Arts and Sciences, Changde 415000, PR China
| | - Jing Feng
- PowerChina ZhongNan Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha 410014, PR China
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15
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Li C, Zhu J, Zhao Z, Wang J, Yang Q, Sun H, Jiang B. An efficient and robust flow-through electrochemical Ti4O7 membrane system for simultaneous Cr(VI) reduction and Cr immobilization with membrane cleaning by a periodic polarity reversal strategy. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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