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Nxumalo KA, Adeyemi JO, Leta TB, Pfukwa TM, Okafor SN, Fawole OA. Antifungal properties and molecular docking of ZnO NPs mediated using medicinal plant extracts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18071. [PMID: 39103387 PMCID: PMC11300460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant postharvest losses and food safety issues persist in many developing nations, primarily due to fungal activities, including mycotoxin production. In this study, green synthesised zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were prepared from leaf extracts of Syzygium cordatum (ZnO 1), Lippia javanica (ZnO 2), Bidens pilosa (ZnO 3), and Ximenia caffra (ZnO 4). Physicochemical characteristics of the ZnO-NPs were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission Infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD analysis confirmed the presence of a wurtzite crystal structure in the hexagonal shape of the ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), with an average size ranging between 25 and 43 nm. The microscopic examination of the morphology revealed the presence of spherical particles with sizes ranging from 37 to 47 nm in diameter. The antifungal efficacy of the ZnO-NPs was assessed against pathogenic plant fungi, including Botrytis sp. (STEU 7866), Penicillium sp. (STEU 7865), and Pilidiella granati (STEU 7864), using the poisoned food technique. Further antifungal evaluation of the ZnOPs was performed using the broth microdilution assay. A significant interaction between the type of ZnO-NPs and fungal species was observed, with the highest susceptibility in Mucor sp. to ZnO 2, achieving over 50% inhibition. Penicillium sp. also showed high susceptibility to all ZnO-NPs. Molecular docking results confirmed the strong H-bonding interactions of ZnO-NPs with fungal receptors in Mucor sp. and Penicillium sp., Botrytis sp. and P. granati exhibited the least susceptibility. Further tests revealed that ZnO 2 exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on Botrytis sp., with a low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 µg/mL, attributed to its larger positive zeta potential. This study indicates that ZnO NPs, particularly those mediated using Lippia javanica (ZnO 2), have promising potential as effective antifungal agents, which could play a significant role in reducing postharvest decay and losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanele A Nxumalo
- Postharvest and Agroprocessing Research Centre, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Jerry O Adeyemi
- Postharvest and Agroprocessing Research Centre, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
- South African Research Chairs Initiative in Sustainable Preservation and Agroprocessing Research, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Tshiamo B Leta
- Postharvest and Agroprocessing Research Centre, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
- South African Research Chairs Initiative in Sustainable Preservation and Agroprocessing Research, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Trust M Pfukwa
- Postharvest and Agroprocessing Research Centre, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
- South African Research Chairs Initiative in Sustainable Preservation and Agroprocessing Research, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Sunday N Okafor
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41001, Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi A Fawole
- Postharvest and Agroprocessing Research Centre, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
- South African Research Chairs Initiative in Sustainable Preservation and Agroprocessing Research, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
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Yadav A, Sohlot M, Sahu SR, Banerjee T, Bhattacharya J, Bandyopadhyay K, Das S, Debnath N. Determination of antifungal efficacy and phytotoxicity of a unique silica coated porous zinc oxide nanocomposite medium for slow-release agrochemicals. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae153. [PMID: 38925655 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, the antifungal efficacy and phytotoxicity of silica coated porous zinc oxide nanoparticle (SZNP) were analyzed as this nanocomposite was observed to be a suitable platform for slow release fungicides and has the promise to bring down the dosage of other agrochemicals as well. METHODS AND RESULTS Loading and release kinetics of tricyclazole, a potent fungicide, were analyzed by measuring surface area (SBET) using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), respectively. The antifungal efficacy of ZnO nanoparticle (ZNP) and SZNP was investigated on two phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria solani and Aspergillus niger). The morphological changes to the fungal structure due to ZNP and SZNP treatment were studied by field emission-scanning electron microscopy. Nanoparticle mediated elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fungal samples was detected by analyzing the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, thiol content, lipid peroxidation, and by 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay. The phytotoxicity of these two nanostructures was assessed in rice plants by measuring primary plant growth parameters. Further, the translocation of the nanocomposite in the same plant model system was examined by checking the presence of fluorescein isothiocyanate tagged SZNP within the plant tissue. CONCLUSIONS ZNP had superior antifungal efficacy than SZNP and caused the generation of more ROS in the fungal samples. Even then, SZNP was preferred as an agrochemical delivery vehicle because, unlike ZNP alone, it was not toxic to plant system. Moreover, as silica in nanoform is entomotoxic in nature and nano ZnO has antifungal property, both the cargo (agrochemical) and the carrier system (silica coated porous nano zinc oxide) will have a synergistic effect in crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Yadav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram 122413, India
| | - Monika Sohlot
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram 122413, India
| | - Sudama Ram Sahu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tirthankar Banerjee
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | | | - Sumistha Das
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram 122413, India
| | - Nitai Debnath
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram 122413, India
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Saravanan P, Saravanan V, Rajeshkannan R, Arnica G, Rajasimman M, Baskar G, Pugazhendhi A. Comprehensive review on toxic heavy metals in the aquatic system: sources, identification, treatment strategies, and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119440. [PMID: 38906448 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in water sources has become a major worldwide environmental issue, posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. The pollution of the aquatic environment is increasing as a result of industrialization, climate change, and urban development. The sources of heavy metal pollution in water include mining waste, leachates from landfills, municipal and industrial wastewater, urban runoff, and natural events such as volcanism, weathering, and rock abrasion. Heavy metal ions are toxic and potentially carcinogenic. They can also buildup in biological systems and cause bioaccumulation even at low levels of exposure, heavy metals can cause harm to organs such as the nervous system, liver and lungs, kidneys and stomach, skin, and reproductive systems. There were various approaches tried to purify water and maintain water quality. The main purpose of this article was to investigate the occurrence and fate of the dangerous contaminants (Heavy metal and metalloids) found in domestic and industrial effluents. This effluent mixes with other water streams and is used for agricultural activities and other domestic activities further complicating the issue. It also discussed conventional and non-conventional treatment methods for heavy metals from aquatic environments. Conclusively, a pollution assessment of heavy metals and a human health risk assessment of heavy metals in water resources have been explained. In addition, there have been efforts to focus on heavy metal sequestration from industrial waste streams and to create a scientific framework for reducing heavy metal discharges into the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchamoorthy Saravanan
- Department of Petrochemical Technology, UCE - BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India.
| | - V Saravanan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - R Rajeshkannan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - G Arnica
- Department of Petrochemical Technology, UCE - BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - M Rajasimman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - Gurunathan Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro 76130, Mexico; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam-603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Pavlović R, Brodschneider R, Goessler W, Stanisavljević L, Vujčić Z, Zarić NM. Micronutrient Deficiency May Be Associated with the Onset of Chalkbrood Disease in Honey Bees. INSECTS 2024; 15:269. [PMID: 38667399 PMCID: PMC11050715 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Chalkbrood is a disease of honey bee brood caused by the fungal parasite Ascosphaera apis. Many factors such as genetics, temperature, humidity and nutrition influence the appearance of clinical symptoms. Poor nutrition impairs the immune system, which favors the manifestation of symptoms of many honey bee diseases. However, a direct link between dietary ingredients and the symptoms of chalkbrood disease has not yet been established. We show here that the elemental composition of chalkbrood mummies and healthy larvae from the same infected hives differ, as well as that mummies differ from larvae from healthy hives. Chalkbrood mummies had the highest concentration of macroelements such as Na, Mg, P, S, K and Ca and some microelements such as Rb and Sn, and at the same time the lowest concentration of B, As, Sr, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba and Pb. Larvae from infected hives contained less Pb, Ba, Cs, Sb, Cd, Sr, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, V and Al in contrast to healthy larvae from a disease-free apiary. This is the first study to demonstrate such differences, suggesting that an infection alters the larval nutrition or that nutrition is a predisposition for the outbreak of a chalkbrood infection. Though, based on results obtained from a case study, rather than from a controlled experiment, our findings stress the differences in elements of healthy versus diseased honey bee larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratko Pavlović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.P.); (Z.V.)
| | - Robert Brodschneider
- Department of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Goessler
- Analytical Chemistry for Health and Environment, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Ljubiša Stanisavljević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Zoran Vujčić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.P.); (Z.V.)
| | - Nenad M. Zarić
- Analytical Chemistry for Health and Environment, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Chen F, Jiang F, Okla MK, Abbas ZK, Al-Qahtani SM, Al-Harbi NA, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Gómez-Oliván LM. Nanoparticles synergy: Enhancing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cadmium tolerance with iron oxide and selenium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169869. [PMID: 38218476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is capturing great interest worldwide due to their stirring applications in various fields and also individual application of iron oxide nanoparticle (FeO - NPs) and selenium nanoparticles (Se - NPs) have been studied in many literatures. However, the combined application of FeO and Se - NPs is a novel approach and studied in only few studies. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted to examine various growth and biochemical parameters in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the toxic concentration of cadmium (Cd) i.e., 50 mg kg-1 which were primed with combined application of two levels of FeO and Se - NPs i.e., 15 and 30 mg L-1 respectively. The results showed that the Cd toxicity in the soil showed a significantly (P < 0.05) declined in the growth, gas exchange attributes, sugars, AsA-GSH cycle, cellular fractionation, proline metabolism in T. aestivum. However, Cd toxicity significantly (P < 0.05) increased oxidative stress biomarkers, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants including their gene expression in T. aestivum. Although, the application of FeO and Se - NPs showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds and their gene expression and also decreased the oxidative stress, and Cd uptake. In addition, individual or combined application of FeO and Se - NPs enhanced the cellular fractionation and decreases the proline metabolism and AsA - GSH cycle in T. aestivum. These results open new insights for sustainable agriculture practices and hold immense promise in addressing the pressing challenges of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Chen
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Feifei Jiang
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Mohammad K Okla
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Khorshid Abbas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadi Awad Al-Harbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón, intersección Paseo Tollocan Col. Universidad, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
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Farhana, Farooq ABU, Haroon U, Saleem H, Akbar M, Anar M, Nawaz M, Ahmad HA, Ahmed J, Chaudhary HJ, Munis MFH. Bacillus safensis filtrate-based ZnO nanoparticles control black heart rot disease of apricot fruits by maintaining its soluble sugars and carotenoids. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:125. [PMID: 38441800 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Black heart rot is a serious disease of apricot and it has been reported to be caused by Alternaria solani, around the world. The present research was designed to control this disastrous disease using zinc oxide nanoparticles (b-ZnO NPs). These NPs were synthesized in the filtrate of a useful bacterium (Bacillus safensis) and applied to control black heart rot of apricot. After synthesis, the reduction of b-ZnO NPs was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, at 330 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra ensured the presence of multiple functional groups (alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, nitro compounds and amines) on the surface of b-ZnO NPs. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis elucidated their average size (18 nm) while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph described the spherical shape of b-ZnO NPs. The synthesized b-ZnO NPs were applied in four different concentrations (0.25 mg/ml, 0.50 mg/ml, 0.75 mg/ml, 1.0 mg/ml) under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. These NPs were very efficient in inhibiting mycelial growth (85.1%) of A. solani at 0.75 mg/ml concentration of NPs, in vitro. Same concentration also performed best, in vivo, and significantly reduced disease incidence (by 67%) on self-inoculated apricot fruit. Apart from this, application of b-ZnO NPs helped apricot fruit to maintain its quality under fungal-stress conditions. The decay of apricot fruit was reduced and they maintained greater firmness and higher weight. Moreover, b-ZnO NPs treated fruits controlled black heart rot disease by maintaining higher contents of ascorbic acid, soluble sugars and carotenoids. These b-ZnO NPs were produced in powder form for their easy carriage to the farmers' fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abu Bakr Umer Farooq
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Urooj Haroon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 91616, USA
| | - Hira Saleem
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Akbar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Anar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Hassaan Ateeb Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ahmed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Javed Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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Farhana, Ali M, Akbar M, Chaudhary HJ, Munis MFH. Concurrent application of bacterial-mediated and mycosynthesized ZnO nanofungicides to maintain high ascorbic acid and delay postharvest decay of apricot. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106207. [PMID: 37414303 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Quality of apricot fruit is affected by different biotic stresses during growth, harvesting and storage. Due to fungal attack, huge losses of its quality and quantity are observed. The present research was designed for the diagnoses and management of postharvest rot disease of apricot. Infected apricot fruit were collected, and the causative agent was identified as A. tubingensis. To control this disease, both bacterial-mediated nanoparticles (b-ZnO NPs) and mycosynthesized nanoparticles (f-ZnO NPs) were used. Herein, biomass filtrates of one selected fungus (Trichoderma harzianum) and one bacterium (Bacillus safensis) were used to reduce zinc acetate into ZnO NPs. The physiochemical and morphological characters of both types of NPs were determined. UV-vis spectroscopy displayed absorption peaks of f-ZnO NPs and b-ZnO NPs at 310-380 nm, respectively, indicating successful reduction of Zinc acetate by the metabolites of both fungus and bacteria. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) determined the presence of organic compounds like amines, aromatics, alkenes and alkyl halides, on both types of NPs, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed nano-size of f-ZnO NPs (30 nm) and b-ZnO NPs (35 nm). Scanning electron microscopy showed flower-crystalline shape for b-ZnO NPs and spherical-crystalline shape for f-ZnO NPs. Both NPs showed variable antifungal activities at four different concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 mg/ml). Diseases control and postharvest changes in apricot fruit were analyzed for 15 days. Among all treatments, 0.50 mg/ml concentration of f-ZnO NPs and 0.75 mg/ml concentration of b-ZnO NPs exhibited the strongest antifungal activity. Comparatively, f-ZnO NPs performed slightly better than b-ZnO NPs. Application of both NPs reduced fruit decay and weight, maintained higher ascorbic acid contents, sustained titratable acidity, and preserved firmness of diseased fruit. Our results suggest that microbial synthesized ZnO NPs can efficiently control fruit rot, extend shelf life, and preserve the quality of apricot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Musrat Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Mahnoor Akbar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Hassan Javed Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Wu X, Zhu J, Chen X, Zhang J, Lu L, Hao Z, Shi J, Chen J. PYL Family Genes from Liriodendron chinense Positively Respond to Multiple Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2609. [PMID: 37514224 PMCID: PMC10386353 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. Pyrabactin resistance 1-like (PYR/PYL) proteins are well-known as ABA receptors, which are responsible for ABA signal transduction. Nevertheless, the characteristics of PYL genes from Liriodendron chinense, an endangered timber tree, remain unclear in coping with various stresses. In this study, five PYLs were identified from the genome of Liriodendron chinense by sequence alignment and conserved motif analysis, which revealed that these LcPYLs contain a conserved gate and latch motif for ABA binding. The LcPYL promoters possess a series of cis-acting elements involved in response to various hormone and abiotic stresses. Moreover, the transcriptome data of Liriodendron hybrid leaves reveal that LcPYL genes specifically transcript under different abiotic stresses; Lchi11622 transcription was induced by drought and cold treatment, and Lchi01385 and Lchi16997 transcription was upregulated under cold and hot stress, respectively. Meanwhile, the LcPYLs with high expression levels shown in the transcriptomes were also found to be upregulated in whole plants treated with the same stresses tested by qPCR. Moreover, under biotic stress caused by scale insect and whitefly, Liriodendron hybrid leaves exhibited a distinct phenotype including disease spots that are dark green in the middle and yellow on the margin; the qPCR results showed that the relative expression levels of Lchi13641 and Lchi11622 in infected leaves were upregulated by 1.76 and 3.75 folds relative to normal leaves, respectively. The subcellular localizations of these stress-responsive LcPYLs were also identified in protoplasts of Liriodendron hybrid. These results provide a foundation to elucidate the function of PYLs from this elite tree species and assist in understanding the molecular mechanism of Liriodendron hybrid in dealing with abiotic and biotic stresses. In future research, the detailed biological function of LcPYLs and the genetic redundancy between LcPYLs can be explored by gene overexpression and knockout based on this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiaji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhaodong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Ma J, Li Y, Chen F, Sun Y, Zhu Y, Wang L. Bacillus mycoides PM35 in combination with titanium dioxide (TiO 2)⎯nanoparticles enhanced morpho-physio-biochemical attributes in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under cadmium stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 323:138224. [PMID: 36828111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are naturally occurring soil bacteria and are known to induce plant growth promotion and titanium dioxide (TiO2)⎯nanoparticles (NPs) used in a range of applications that need increased whiteness, improved corrosion resistance and photocatalytic activity. Keeping in view the stress mitigation potential of TiO2⎯NPS and B. mycoides PM35, the existing research work was premeditated to inspect the beneficial role of seed priming with using different levels of TiO2⎯NPs i.e., [(0 no TiO2⎯NPs), 25 and 50 μg/ml] and soil incubation plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (B. mycoides PM35) i.e., [(0 no B. mycoides PM35), 10 and 20 μL] on biochemical, morphological and physiological characteristics of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants under different levels of Cd in the soil i.e., [(0 Cd), 50 and 100 mg kg-1]. Results from the present study showed that the increasing levels of Cd in the soil significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, sugars, and nutritional contents from the roots and shoots of the plants. In contrast, increasing levels of Cd in the soil significantly (P < 0.05) increased oxidative stress indicators in term of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage, and also increased organic acid exudation patter in the roots of H. vulgare. Although, the activities of enzymatic antioxidants and the response of their gene expressions in the roots and shoots of the plants and non-enzymatic such as phenolic, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanin contents were initially increased with the exposure of 50 mg kg-1 Cd, but decreased by the increasing the Cd concentration 100 mg kg-1 in the soil. The negative impact of Cd toxicity can overcome the application of PGPR (B. mycoides PM35) and TiO2⎯NPs, which ultimately increased plant growth and biomass by capturing the reactive oxygen species, and decreased oxidative stress in H. vulgare by decreasing the Cd contents in the roots and shoots of the plants. Our results also showed that the TiO2⎯NPs were more sever and showed better results when we compared with PGPR (B. mycoides PM35) under the same treatment of Cd in the soil. Research findings, therefore, suggest that the combined application of PGPR (B. mycoides PM35) and TiO2⎯NPs can ameliorate Cd toxicity in H. vulgare, resulting in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress, as depicted by balanced exudation of organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Yuhang Li
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Fu Chen
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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Bioinspired Green Synthesis of Bimetallic Iron and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Mushroom Extract and Use against Aspergillus niger; The Most Devastating Fungi of the Green World. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, a macro fungus was collected and identified by using morphological and molecular tools to study the ITS region, which has been described as a universal barcode marker during molecular investigation for the identification of fungi. Based on morphology and molecular evidence, the collected fungus was identified as Daedalea Mushroom. The identified fungus was used for the synthesis of Iron and ZnO nanoparticles as an eco-friendly agent for nanoparticle synthesis. The synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by, Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM). All these characterizations revealed the synthesis of Iron and ZnO NPs with an irregular shape and a size of 16.8 nm. The zinc oxide nanoparticles had a size in the range of 18.53 nm. Daedalea Mushroom was used for the first time to synthesize Iron and zinc nanoparticles. The mycosynthesized Iron and ZnO NPs were assessed as control agents at various dosage rates against the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus niger, which was isolated from an apple and identified using its morphology. At higher concentrations (0.75 mg/mL), the iron nanoparticles inhibited fungal growth by 72%, whereas at lower concentrations (0.25 mg/mL), they inhibited fungal growth by 60%. ZnO NPs showed good antifungal activity at different concentrations including growth inhibition at 0.25 mg/mL (88%), 1.0 mg/mL (68%), 0.75 mg/mL (75%), and 0.5 mg/mL (70%) concentrations of ZnO NPs. However, the maximum growth inhibition of ZnO NPs was observed at 0.25 mg/mL (88%) concentration and minimum growth inhibition at 0.1 mg/mL (22%). The current study concludes that Daedalea Mushroom works as a novel and eco-friendly source for the synthesis of Iron and ZnO NPs with prominent antifungal activities that can be further applied in different fields.
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11
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Haris M, Hussain T, Mohamed HI, Khan A, Ansari MS, Tauseef A, Khan AA, Akhtar N. Nanotechnology - A new frontier of nano-farming in agricultural and food production and its development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159639. [PMID: 36283520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The potential of nanotechnology for the development of sustainable agriculture has been promising. The initiatives to meet the rising food needs of the rapidly growing world population are mainly powered by sustainable agriculture. Nanoparticles are used in agriculture due to their distinct physicochemical characteristics. The interaction of nanomaterials with soil components is strongly determined in terms of soil quality and plant growth. Numerous research has been carried out to investigate how nanoparticles affect the growth and development of plants. Nanotechnology has been applied to improve the quality and reduce post-harvest loss of agricultural products by extending their shelf life, particularly for fruits and vegetables. This review assesses the latest literature on nanotechnology, which is used as a nano-biofertilizer as seen in the agricultural field for high productivity and better growth of plants, an important source of balanced nutrition for the crop, seed germination, and quality enrichment. Additionally, post-harvest food processing and packaging can benefit greatly from the use of nanotechnology to cut down on food waste and contamination. It also critically discusses the mechanisms involved in nanoparticle absorption and translocation within the plants and the synthesis of green nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haris
- Plant Pathology and Nematology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Touseef Hussain
- Plant Pathology and Nematology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; Division. of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Heba I Mohamed
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amir Khan
- Plant Pathology and Nematology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Moh Sajid Ansari
- Plant Pathology and Nematology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Atirah Tauseef
- Plant Pathology and Nematology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Abrar Ahmad Khan
- Plant Pathology and Nematology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Naseem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Qassim 51418, Saudi Arabia
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Azarin K, Usatov A, Minkina T, Duplii N, Kasyanova A, Fedorenko A, Khachumov V, Mandzhieva S, Rajput VD. Effects of bulk and nano-ZnO particles on functioning of photosynthetic apparatus in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114748. [PMID: 36370809 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) after 7-days of exposure to bulk (b-ZnO) and nanosized ZnO (n-ZnO) (300, 2000, and 10,000 mg/l) has been investigated. An impact on the amount of chlorophylls, photosynthetic efficiency, as well as the zinc accumulation in chloroplasts was demonstrated. Violation of the chloroplast fine structure was revealed. These changes were generally more pronounced with n-ZnO exposure, especially at high concentrations. For instance, the chlorophyll deficiency under 10,000 mg/l b-ZnO treatment was 31% and with exposure to 10,000 mg/l n-ZnO, the chlorophyll deficiency was already 52%. The expression analysis of the photosynthetic genes revealed their different sensitivity to b-ZnO and n-ZnO exposure. The genes encoding subunits of photosystem II (PSII) and, to a slightly lesser extent, photosystem I (PSI) showed the highest suppression of transcriptional levels. The mRNA levels of the subunits of cytochrome-b6f, NADH dehydrogenase, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and ATP synthase, which, in addition to linear electron flow (LEF), participate in cyclic electron flow (CEF) and autotrophic CO2 fixation, were more stable or increased under b-ZnO and n-ZnO treatments. At the same time, CEF was increased. It was assumed that under the action of b-ZnO and n-ZnO, the processes of LEF are disrupted, and CEF is activated. This allows the plant to prevent photo-oxidation and compensate for the lack of ATP for the CO2 fixation process, thereby ensuring the stability of photosynthetic function in the initial stages of stress factor exposure. The study of photosynthetic structures of crops is important from the point of view of understanding the risks of reducing the production potential and the level of food security due to the growing use of nanoparticles in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Azarin
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Usatov
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda Duplii
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | | | - Aleksei Fedorenko
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation.
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Sun Y, Ma L, Ma J, Li B, Zhu Y, Chen F. Combined application of plant growth-promoting bacteria and iron oxide nanoparticles ameliorates the toxic effects of arsenic in Ajwain ( Trachyspermum ammi L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1098755. [PMID: 36643291 PMCID: PMC9832315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1098755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as arsenic (As)] is becoming a serious global problem because of the rapid development of the social economy. Although plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and nanoparticles (NPs) are the major protectants to alleviate metal toxicity, the study of these chemicals in combination to ameliorate the toxic effects of As is limited. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of different levels of Providencia vermicola (5 ppm and 10 ppm) and iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) (50 mg/l-1 and 100 mg/l-1) on plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, oxidative stress and response of antioxidant compounds (enzymatic and non-enzymatic), and their specific gene expression, sugars, nutritional status of the plant, organic acid exudation pattern As accumulation from the different parts of the plants, and electron microscopy under the soil, which was spiked with different levels of As [0 μM (i.e., no As), 50 μM, and 100 μM] in Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) seedlings. Results from the present study showed that the increasing levels of As in the soil significantly (p< 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, sugars, and nutritional contents from the roots and shoots of the plants, and destroyed the ultra-structure of membrane-bound organelles. In contrast, increasing levels of As in the soil significantly (p< 0.05) increased oxidative stress indicators in term of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage, and also increased organic acid exudation patter in the roots of T. ammi seedlings. The negative impact of As toxicity can overcome the application of PGPB (P. vermicola) and FeO-NPs, which ultimately increased plant growth and biomass by capturing the reactive oxygen species, and decreased oxidative stress in T. ammi seedlings by decreasing the As contents in the roots and shoots of the plants. Our results also showed that the FeO-NPs were more sever and showed better results when we compared with PGPB (P. vermicola) under the same treatment of As in the soil. Research findings, therefore, suggest that the combined application of P. vermicola and FeO-NPs can ameliorate As toxicity in T. ammi seedlings, resulting in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress, as depicted by balanced exudation of organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bingkun Li
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fu Chen
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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Gopal J, Hua PY, Muthu M, Wu HF. A MALDI-MS-based impact assessment of ZnO nanoparticles, nanorods and quantum dots on the lipid profile of bacterial pathogens. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 15:87-98. [PMID: 36484165 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01640k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
MALDI-MS was used for studying the impact of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The growth patterns of both these bacterial pathogens in the presence of the ZnO nanomaterials and the subsequent lipidomic changes were assessed using an optimized simple, rapid MALDI-MS based methodology. All three nanostructures tested exhibited differential bactericidal activity unique to P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The results indicated that the ZnO nanomaterials were highly inhibitory to S. aureus even at 70 mg L-1, while in the case of P. aeruginosa, the ZnO nanomaterials were compatible for up to 10 h and beyond 10 h only marginal growth inhibition was observed. The results proved that the shapes of the ZnO nanomaterials did not affect their toxicity properties. MALDI-MS was applied to study the lipidomic changes of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus after nanomaterial treatment, in order to throw light on the mechanism of growth inhibition. The results from the MALDI-MS studies showed that the ZnO nanostructures exhibited only marginal changes in the lipidomic profile both in the case of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. These preliminary results indicate that the mechanism of growth inhibition by the ZnO nanomaterial is not through lipid-based interactions, but apparently more so via protein inhibitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Gopal
- Division of Research and Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Pei-Yang Hua
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Division of Research and Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Hui-Fen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 800, Taiwan
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
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15
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Rafiq H, Aftab ZEH, Anjum T, Ali B, Akram W, Bashir U, Mirza FS, Aftab M, Ali MD, Li G. Bio-fabrication of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles to rescue Mung Bean against Cercospora leaf spot disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1052984. [PMID: 36523618 PMCID: PMC9745094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1052984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant disease management using nanotechnology is evolving continuously across the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Trachyspermum ammi seed extract on Cercospora leaf spot disease in mung bean plants under in-vitro and in-planta conditions. Additionally, the effects on mung bean agronomic and physiological parameters were also assessed. The green synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Green synthesized NPs were tested for their ability to inhibit fungal growth at five different concentrations under in-vitro experiment. After 7 days of inoculation, ZnO NPs (1200 ppm) inhibited mycelial growth substantially (89.86% ± 0.70). The in-planta experiment showed statistically significant result of disease control (30% ± 11.54) in response to 1200 ppm ZnO NPs. The same treatment showed statistically significant improvements in shoot length, root length, number of leaves, number of pods, shoot fresh weight (28.62%), shoot dry weight (85.18%), root fresh weight (38.88%), and root dry weight (38.88%) compared to the control. Our findings show that green synthesized ZnO NPs can control Cercospora canescens in mung bean, pointing to their use in plant disease control and growth enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Rafiq
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zill-e-Huma Aftab
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Anjum
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Basharat Ali
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Akram
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Bashir
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Shafiq Mirza
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muzammil Aftab
- Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Danish Ali
- Department of Science and Humanities, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences- FAST, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Lin G, Gao J, Shang S, Zhang H, Luo Q, Wu Y, Liu Y, Chen X, Sun Y. 1-Tetradecanol, Diethyl Phthalate and Tween 80 Assist in the Formation of Thermo-Responsive Azoxystrobin Nanoparticles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227959. [PMID: 36432063 PMCID: PMC9694888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of crop fungal diseases is closely related to warm environmental conditions. In order to control the release of fungicides in response to warm conditions, and enhance the efficacy, a series of thermo-responsive fungicide-loaded nanoparticles were developed. The fungicide azoxystrobin, solvent DEP, emulsifier Tween 80 and thermo-responsive component TDA were combined to create thermal-response oil phases, conditions for emulsification were then optimized. LDLS, zeta potential, FTIR, DSC, TGA, XRD, SEM and antifungal efficacy assays were carried out to investigate the characteristics and forming mechanism. The results indicated that the formula with 5 g azoxystrobin, 10 mL DEP, 6 mL Tween 80 and 2.5 g TDA constructed the proposed oil phase with the ability to transform from solid at 20 °C to softerned at 31.5 °C. Both DEP and TDA played key roles in interfering with the crystallization of azoxystrobin. The optimal T3t-c12 nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 162.1 nm, thermo-responsive morphological transformation between 20 °C and 30 °C, AZO crystal reforming after drying, the ability to attach to fungal spores and satisfied antifungal efficacy against P. nicotiana PNgz07 and A. niger A1513 at 30 °C. This report provides referable technical support for the construction of smart-release nanoparticles of other agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Lin
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Juntao Gao
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Shenghua Shang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Huanbo Zhang
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Qiangke Luo
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Qianjiang College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.C.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-571-85-07-0340 (Y.L.); +86-851-84-11-6909 (X.C.); +86-571-28-86-6963 (Y.S.)
| | - Xingjiang Chen
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.C.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-571-85-07-0340 (Y.L.); +86-851-84-11-6909 (X.C.); +86-571-28-86-6963 (Y.S.)
| | - Yan Sun
- Qianjiang College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.C.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-571-85-07-0340 (Y.L.); +86-851-84-11-6909 (X.C.); +86-571-28-86-6963 (Y.S.)
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17
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Gajewska J, Floryszak-Wieczorek J, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E, Mattoo A, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M. Fungal and oomycete pathogens and heavy metals: an inglorious couple in the environment. IMA Fungus 2022; 13:6. [PMID: 35468869 PMCID: PMC9036806 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-022-00092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination of the environment is a major problem worldwide. The rate of global deposition of HMs in soil has dramatically increased over the past two centuries and there of facilitated their rapid accumulation also in living systems. Although the effects of HMs on plants, animals and humans have been extensively studied, yet little is known about their effects on the (patho)biology of the microorganisms belonging to a unique group of filamentous eukaryotic pathogens, i.e., fungi and oomycetes. Much of the literature concerning mainly model species has revealed that HM stress affects their hyphal growth, morphology, and sporulation. Toxicity at cellular level leads to disturbance of redox homeostasis manifested by the formation of nitro-oxidative intermediates and to the induction of antioxidant machinery. Despite such adverse effects, published data is indicative of the fact that fungal and oomycete pathogens have a relatively high tolerance to HMs in comparison to other groups of microbes such as bacteria. Likely, these pathogens may harbor a network of detoxification mechanisms that ensure their survival in a highly HM-polluted (micro)habitat. Such a network may include extracellular HMs immobilization, biosorption to cell wall, and/or their intracellular sequestration to proteins or other ligands. HMs may also induce a hormesis-like phenomenon allowing the pathogens to maintain or even increase fitness against chemical challenges. Different scenarios linking HMs stress and modification of the microorganisms pathogenicity are disscused in this review.
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Toxicity and Uptake of CuO Nanoparticles: Evaluation of an Emerging Nanofertilizer on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14094914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wet chemistry was used to produce copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). The results indicated that most nanoparticles were bacillus-shaped and relatively uniform in size (less than 30 nm). The effect of synthesized CuO NPs on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germination and growth parameters was studied and compared to bulk Cu. The results showed that no significant difference was obtained in germination rate among all treatments. Bulk Cu additions significantly affect the mean germination rate and mean germination time. On the contrary, germinability was significantly affected by CuO NPs additions. Seed vigor index was calculated to demonstrate the superior treatment in wheat germination parameters, and the results confirmed that 0.1 mg L−1 of CuO NPs could be successfully used to improve wheat seed germination. Moreover, the general average Cu concentrations in the plant tissue were 139 and 103 mg kg−1 dry weight for bulk and CuO NPs, respectively, indicating the dissolution behavior of CuO NPs. The addition of CuO NPs (0.1 mg L−1) promotes chlorophyll formation equal to 0.5 mg L−1 of the bulk Cu addition. This means using nanoparticles as fertilizer could reduce 80% of traditional fertilizers. Nonetheless, Cu additions in both forms (NPs and bulk) reduce root growth substantially compared to control. The effective toxic dose (EC50) for bulk Cu and CuO NPs was 0.37 mg L−1 and 0.94 mg L−1, respectively. The results indicated that approximately 2.5 times CuO NPs concentration is equal to the toxicity dose of bulk Cu due to lowered CuO NPs dissolution. Our study showed that Cu phytotoxicity is a non-nanosized effect and showed that plant-induced changes under environmentally real conditions should be considered when measuring the dissolution of CuO NPs near wheat plant roots. This study implies that using nano-CuO as a micronutrient amendment has a potential benefit rather than the soluble Cu salt for plant growth.
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Al Jabri H, Saleem MH, Rizwan M, Hussain I, Usman K, Alsafran M. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Biosynthesis: Overview. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040594. [PMID: 35455085 PMCID: PMC9026433 DOI: 10.3390/life12040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is plant micronutrient, which is involved in many physiological functions, and an inadequate supply will reduce crop yields. Its deficiency is the widest spread micronutrient deficiency problem; almost all crops and calcareous, sandy soils, as well as peat soils and soils with high phosphorus and silicon content are expected to be deficient. In addition, Zn is essential for growth in animals, human beings, and plants; it is vital to crop nutrition as it is required in various enzymatic reactions, metabolic processes, and oxidation reduction reactions. Finally, there is a lot of attention on the Zn nanoparticles (NPs) due to our understanding of different forms of Zn, as well as its uptake and integration in the plants, which could be the primary step toward the larger use of NPs of Zn in agriculture. Nanotechnology application in agriculture has been increasing over recent years and constitutes a valuable tool in reaching the goal of sustainable food production worldwide. A wide array of nanomaterials has been used to develop strategies of delivery of bioactive compounds aimed at boosting the production and protection of crops. ZnO-NPs, a multifunctional material with distinct properties and their doped counterparts, were widely being studied in different fields of science. However, its application in environmental waste treatment and many other managements, such as remediation, is starting to gain attention due to its low cost and high productivity. Nano-agrochemicals are a combination of nanotechnology with agrochemicals that have resulted in nano-fertilizers, nano-herbicides, nano-fungicides, nano-pesticides, and nano-insecticides being developed. They have anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and optical capabilities. Green approaches using plants, fungi, bacteria, and algae have been implemented due to the high rate of harmful chemicals and severe situations used in the manufacturing of the NPs. This review summarizes the data on Zn interaction with plants and contributes towards the knowledge of Zn NPs and its impact on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hareb Al Jabri
- Center for Sustainable Development (CSD), College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- Office of Academic Research, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.H.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Office of Academic Research, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.H.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Kamal Usman
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (K.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Alsafran
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Central Laboratories Unit (CLU), Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (K.U.); (M.A.)
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Hamzah Saleem M, Usman K, Rizwan M, Al Jabri H, Alsafran M. Functions and strategies for enhancing zinc availability in plants for sustainable agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1033092. [PMID: 36275511 PMCID: PMC9586378 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1033092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn), which is regarded as a crucial micronutrient for plants, and is considered to be a vital micronutrient for plants. Zn has a significant role in the biochemistry and metabolism of plants owing to its significance and toxicity for biological systems at specific Zn concentrations, i.e., insufficient or harmful above the optimal range. It contributes to several cellular and physiological activities of plants and promotes plant growth, development, and yield. Zn is an important structural, enzymatic, and regulatory component of many proteins and enzymes. Consequently, it is essential to understand the interplay and chemistry of Zn in soil, its absorption, transport, and the response of plants to Zn deficiency, as well as to develop sustainable strategies for Zn deficiency in plants. Zn deficiency appears to be a widespread and prevalent issue in crops across the world, resulting in severe production losses that compromise nutritional quality. Considering this, enhancing Zn usage efficiency is the most effective strategy, which entails improving the architecture of the root system, absorption of Zn complexes by organic acids, and Zn uptake and translocation mechanisms in plants. Here, we provide an overview of various biotechnological techniques to improve Zn utilization efficiency and ensure the quality of crop. In light of the current status, an effort has been made to further dissect the absorption, transport, assimilation, function, deficiency, and toxicity symptoms caused by Zn in plants. As a result, we have described the potential information on diverse solutions, such as root structure alteration, the use of biostimulators, and nanomaterials, that may be used efficiently for Zn uptake, thereby assuring sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamal Usman
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hareb Al Jabri
- Center for Sustainable Development (CSD), College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Alsafran
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Central Laboratories Unit (CLU), Office of VP for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Alsafran,
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