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Li WT, Lin JY, Liu JJ, Hafeez M, Deng SW, Chen HY, Ren RJ, Rana MS, Wang RL. Molecular insights into the functional analysis of P450 CYP321A7 gene in the involvement of detoxification of lambda-cyhalothrin in Spodoptera frugiperda. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:106009. [PMID: 39084775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a widely recognized global agricultural pest that has significantly reduced crop yields all over the world. S. frugiperda has developed resistance to various insecticides. Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs or P450s) play an important role in detoxifying insecticides, leading to increased resistance in insect populations. However, the function of the specific P450 gene for lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in S. frugiperda was unclear. Herein, the expression patterns of 40 P450 genes in the susceptible and lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant populations were analyzed. Among them, CYP321A7 was found to be overexpressed in the resistant population, specifically LRS (resistance ratio = 25.38-fold) derived from a lambda-cyhalothrin-susceptible (SS) population and FLRS (a population caught from a field, resistance ratio = 63.80-fold). Elevated enzyme activity of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) was observed for LRS (2.76-fold) and the FLRS (4.88-fold) as compared to SS, while no significant differences were observed in the activities of glutathione S-transferases and esterases. Furthermore, the knockdown of CYP321A7 gene by RNA interference significantly increased the susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin. Remarkably, the knockdown of CYP321A7 reduced the enzymatic activity of P450 by 43.7%, 31.9%, and 22.5% in SS, LRS, and FLRS populations, respectively. Interestingly, fourth-instar larvae treated with lambda-cyhalothrin at the LC30 dosage had a greater mortality rate due to RNA interference-induced suppression of CYP321A7 (with increases of 61.1%, 50.0%, and 45.6% for SS, LRS, and FLRS populations, respectively). These findings suggest a link between lambda-cyhalothrin resistance and continual overexpression of CYP321A7 in S. frugiperda larvae, emphasizing the possible importance of CYP321A7 in lambda-cyhalothrin detoxification in S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Li
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517000, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Yu Lin
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517000, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Jie Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517000, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Shi-Wen Deng
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517000, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong-Yu Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517000, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rong-Jie Ren
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517000, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Rana
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517000, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Rui-Long Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517000, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Guo Z, Ma H, Tang J, Wu M, He S, Wan H, Li J, Ma K. Chlorantraniliprole Resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda: Resistance Monitoring, Resistance Risk, and Resistance Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39038437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda is a significant global pest, and chlorantraniliprole (CAP) is extensively used in China for its control. Understanding CAP resistance in S. frugiperda is crucial for effective management of this pest. Field populations exhibited varying degrees of resistance to CAP (RR = 1.74-5.60-fold). After 10 generations of selection, the CAP-resistant strain developed over 10-fold resistance, with a realized heritability (h2) of 0.10. Genetic analysis reveals inheritance patterns as autosomal, incomplete recessive, and monofactorial. The CAP-resistant strain showed limited cross-resistance to lufenuron and tetrachlorantraniliprole, negative cross-resistance to spinetoram, and no observed cross-resistance to other insecticides. Biochemical analysis suggested that P450-mediated detoxification is the primary resistance mechanism, with 26 genes overexpressed in the CAP-resistant strain. Additionally, the knockdown of CYP4L13, CYP6B39, CYP6B40, and CYP4G74 significantly increased the sensitivity of the resistant larvae to CAP. These findings highlight the resistance risk of CAP in S. frugiperda and emphasize the crucial role of P450 enzymes in resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Guo
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Huina Ma
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jiahui Tang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Mengyan Wu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shun He
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hu Wan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Kangsheng Ma
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Lu Z, Lu K, Li Y, Xiao T, Zhou Z, Chen Y, Liu J, Sun Z, Gui F. Screening and functional validation of the core detoxification genes conferring broad-spectrum response to insecticides in Spodoptera frugiperda. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3491-3503. [PMID: 38426637 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a formidable agricultural pest, has developed resistance to various synthetic insecticides. However, how S. frugiperda utilizes its limited energy and resources to deal with various insecticides remains largely unexplored. RESULTS We utilized transcriptome sequencing to decipher the broad-spectrum adaptation mechanism of S. frugiperda to eight insecticides with distinct modes-of-action. Analysis of the Venn diagram revealed that 1014 upregulated genes and 778 downregulated genes were present in S. frugiperda treated with at least five different insecticides, compared to the control group. Exposure to various insecticides led to the significant upregulation of eight cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), four UDP glucosyltransferases (UGTs), two glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) and two ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCs). Among them, the sfCYP340AD3 and sfCYP4G74 genes were demonstrated to respond to stress from six different insecticides in S. frugiperda, as evidenced by RNA interference and toxicity bioassays. Furthermore, homology modeling and molecular docking analyses showed that sfCYP340AD3 and sfCYP4G74 possess strong binding affinities to a variety of insecticides. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings showed that S. frugiperda utilizes a battery of core detoxification genes to cope with the exposure of synthetic insecticides. This study also sheds light on the identification of efficient insecticidal targets gene and the development of resistance management strategies in S. frugiperda, thereby facilitating the sustainable control of this serious pest. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yahong Li
- Yunnan Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Kunming, China
| | - Tianxiang Xiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhonglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Yuxi Plant Protection and Quarantine Station in Yunnan, Yuxi, China
| | - Zhongxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Furong Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Krestonoshina K, Melnichuk A, Kinareikina A, Maslakova K, Yangirova L, Silivanova E. The P450-Monooxygenase Activity and CYP6D1 Expression in the Chlorfenapyr-Resistant Strain of Musca domestica L. INSECTS 2024; 15:461. [PMID: 38921174 PMCID: PMC11203901 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The house fly Musca domestica L. is one of the most common insects of veterinary and medical importance worldwide; its ability to develop resistance to a large number of insecticides is well known. Many studies support the involvement of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases (P450) in the development of resistance to pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, carbamates, and organophosphates among insects. In this paper, the monooxygenase activity and expression level of CYP6D1 were studied for the first time in a chlorfenapyr-resistant strain of house fly. Our studies demonstrated that P450 activity in adults of the susceptible strain (Lab TY) and chlorfenapyr-resistant strain (ChlA) was 1.56-4.05-fold higher than that in larvae. In females of the Lab TY and ChlA strains, this activity was 1.53- and 1.57-fold higher, respectively (p < 0.05), than that in males, and in contrast, the expression level of CYP6D1 was 21- and 8-fold lower, respectively. The monooxygenase activity did not vary between larvae of the susceptible strain Lab TY and the chlorfenapyr-resistant strain ChlA. Activity in females and males of the ChlA strain exceeded that in the Lab TY strain specimens by 1.54 (p = 0.08) and 1.83 (p < 0.05) times, respectively, with the same level of CYP6D1 expression. PCR-RFLP analysis revealed a previously undescribed mutation in the promoter region of the CYP6D1 gene in adults of the Lab TY and ChlA strains, and it did not affect the gene expression level. The obtained results show that the development of resistance to chlorfenapyr in M. domestica is accompanied by an increase in P450-monooxygenase activity without changes in CYP6D1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elena Silivanova
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology—Branch of Federal State Institution Federal Research Centre Tyumen Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ASRIVEA)—Branch of Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS Institutskaya St. 2, Tyumen 625041, Russia; (K.K.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (K.M.); (L.Y.)
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Deng M, Xiao T, Xu X, Wang W, Yang Z, Lu K. Nicotinamide deficiency promotes imidacloprid resistance via activation of ROS/CncC signaling pathway-mediated UGT detoxification in Nilaparvata lugens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172035. [PMID: 38565349 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic alternation is a typical characteristic of insecticide resistance in insects. However, mechanisms underlying metabolic alternation and how altered metabolism in turn affects insecticide resistance are largely unknown. Here, we report that nicotinamide levels are decreased in the imidacloprid-resistant strain of Nilaparvata lugens, may due to reduced abundance of the symbiotic bacteria Arsenophonus. Importantly, the low levels of nicotinamide promote imidacloprid resistance via metabolic detoxification alternation, including elevations in UDP-glycosyltransferase enzymatic activity and enhancements in UGT386B2-mediated metabolism capability. Mechanistically, nicotinamide suppresses transcriptional regulatory activities of cap 'n' collar isoform C (CncC) and its partner small muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis isoform K (MafK) by scavenging the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and blocking the DNA binding domain of MafK. In imidacloprid-resistant N. lugens, nicotinamide deficiency re-activates the ROS/CncC signaling pathway to provoke UGT386B2 overexpression, thereby promoting imidacloprid detoxification. Thus, nicotinamide metabolism represents a promising target to counteract imidacloprid resistance in N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Deng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tianxiang Xiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiyue Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhiming Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Hu C, Liu YX, Zhang SP, Wang YQ, Gao P, Li YT, Yang XQ. Transcription Factor AhR Regulates Glutathione S-Transferases Conferring Resistance to lambda-Cyhalothrin in Cydia pomonella. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5230-5239. [PMID: 36943249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) enhances insect resistance to insecticides by regulating the detoxification network. Our previous studies have confirmed that overexpressions of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in Cydia pomonella. Here, we report that CpAhR regulates the expression of GST and P450 genes, thus conferring resistance. Expression patterns indicated that the expression of CpAhR was highly induced by lambda-cyhalothrin exposure and upregulated in a lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant population. RNA interference (RNAi) of CpAhR decreases the expression of key resistance-related genes (CpGSTe3, CpCYP9A121, and CpCYP9A122) and the activity of the GST enzyme, reducing the tolerance to lambda-cyhalothrin. Furthermore, β-naphthoflavone, a novel agonist of AhR, was first proven to be effective in increasing CpAhR expression and larval tolerance to lambda-cyhalothrin. These results demonstrate that CpAhR regulates the expression of key detoxifying genes and GST activity, resulting in the development of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in C. pomonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi-Pang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Ya-Qi Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Ping Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue-Qing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
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Yang Z, Xiao T, Lu K. Contribution of UDP-glycosyltransferases to chlorpyrifos resistance in Nilaparvata lugens. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 190:105321. [PMID: 36740334 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a multigene superfamily of Phase II detoxification enzymes, uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play important roles in the metabolism of xenobiotics including insecticides. In this study, 5-nitrouracil, an inhibitor of UGT enzyme activity, effectively increased the toxicity of chlorpyrifos to the chlorpyrifos-resistant strain of Nilaparvata lugens, one of the most resistant rice pests. The enzyme content of UGT in the resistant strain was significantly higher than that in the susceptible strain. Among 20 identified UGT genes, UGT386H2, UGT386J2, UGT386N2 and UGT386P1 were found significantly overexpressed in the resistant strain and can be effectively induced by chlorpyrifos. These four UGT genes were most highly expressed in the midgut and/or fat body, two main insect detoxification tissues. Amino acid sequence alignments revealed that these four UGTs contained a variable N-terminal substrate-binding domain and a conserved C-terminal sugar donor-binding domain. Furthermore, homology modeling and molecular docking analyses showed that these UGTs could stably bind to chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos oxon, with the binding free energies from -19.4 to -110.62 kcal mol-1. Knockdown of UGT386H2 or UGT386P1 by RNA interference dramatically increased the susceptibility of the resistant strain to chlorpyrifos. These findings suggest that overexpression of these two UGT genes contributes to chlorpyrifos resistance in N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tianxiang Xiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Xiao T, Lu K. Functional characterization of CYP6AE subfamily P450s associated with pyrethroid detoxification in Spodoptera litura. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:452-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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