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Xue R, Liu X, Fu X, Luo H, Zhang K, Anderson BC, Li M, Huang B, Yu L, Li X, Fu S, Pu A, Fan L, Chen W. Characteristics of methane emissions in the Living Water Garden in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2017. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:39531-39546. [PMID: 32651787 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CH4 flux measured by a portable chamber using an infrared analyzer was compared with the flux by static chamber measurement for CW at 13 different sites from May 2012 to May 2017 in the Living Water Garden (LWG) in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, over 4 timescales (daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual). During the measurement period, a total of 1443 data were collected. CH4 fluxes were measured using the portable chamber method and the results showed that the annual mean and median CH4 flux values in the LWG were 17.4 mg m-2 h-1 and 6.2 mg m-2 h-1, respectively, ranging from - 19.7 to 98.0 mg m-2 h-1. Cumulative CH4 emissions for LWG ranged from - 0.17 to 0.86 kg m-2 year-1. Global warming potential (GWP, 25.7 kg CO2eq m-2 year-1) was at a high level, which means that the LWG was a source of CH4 emissions. Significant temporal variations on the 4 timescales were observed. And the asymmetry of measurement uncertainty of CH4 flux increases with the timescale. Although the total mean CH4 flux measured by the portable chamber method was 42.1% lower than that of the static chamber method, the temporal variation trends of CH4 flux were similar. The uncertainty of CH4 flux measured in portable chamber was more symmetrical than that in static chamber. These results suggest that the portable chamber method has considerable value as a long-term measurement method for CH4 flux temporal variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Xue
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Information Engineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Yangma Town, Chengdu, 611231, China
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China.
- Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, Chengdu, 611830, China.
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
- Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Bruce C Anderson
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mei Li
- School of Urban and Rural Construction, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Dujiangyan Campus Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Lijuan Yu
- Dujiangyan Campus Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Shuzhi Fu
- Dujiangyan Campus Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Aiping Pu
- Southwest Investment & Development Company Co., Ltd., CSCEC 7th Division, Chengdu, 610095, China
| | - Liangqian Fan
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
- Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
- Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, Chengdu, 611830, China
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Effect of Substrate, Feeding Mode and Number of Stages on the Performance of Hybrid Constructed Wetland Systems. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid constructed wetland mesocosm has been used for the treatment of raw urban wastewater. The first stage was a mulch-based, subsurface, horizontal flow constructed wetland (HF). The HF achieved good removals of COD (61%; 54 g/m2·day) and Total Suspended Solids (84%; 29 g/m2·day). The second stage was composed of vertical flow constructed wetlands (VF) that were employed to study the effect of substrate (gravel vs. mulch), feeding mode (continuous vs. intermittent) and the number of stages (1 vs. 2) on performance. High hydraulic and organic surface loadings (513–583 L/m2·day and 103–118 g/m2·day of COD) were applied to the reactors. The mulch was more efficient than gravel for all the parameters analyzed. The continuous feeding allowed a 3 to 6-fold reduction of the surface area required.
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