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Jeon S, Lee M, Seo J, Kim JH, Kam DK, Seo S. High-level dietary crude protein decreased backfat thickness and increased carcass yield score in finishing Hanwoo beef cattle ( Bos taurus coreanae). JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:1064-1075. [PMID: 34796347 PMCID: PMC8564310 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a high level of dietary crude protein (CP) has become of interest as a
possible practice to improve the carcass quality of beef cattle, and its level
has been increasing in the field. However, there is little scientific evidence
that supports this. This study was conducted to test whether a high dietary CP
level would improve growth performance, body metabolism, and carcass traits in
Hanwoo beef cattle. A total of 32 Hanwoo finishing beef cattle (18 multiparous
cows, six heifers, and eight steers) participated in a 12-weeks feeding trial.
Two kinds of total mixed rations were prepared to contain two different CP; 156
g/kg for the control (CON) and 173 g/kg of CP for the treatment (HCP), while
maintaining a similar level of metabolizable energy. The experiment was ended
when more than half of the steers reached the target body weight (730 kg). Blood
was collected at the end of the experiment. After harvesting, the carcass trait
was evaluated at the slaughterhouse according to Korean standards. The carcass
yield score and grade were also calculated based on revised criteria. Overall,
dry matter intake, average daily gain, blood metabolites concentration, and the
carcass traits, except for backfat thickness and the yield score, did not differ
between the treatments. The HCP had lower backfat thickness than those of CON.
There was no difference in the carcass yield grade, but the yield score was
higher in the HCP treatment. According to the newly revised carcass grading
criteria, both yield score and grade were higher in HCP than in CON. Increasing
CP supply decreased the carcass’s backfat thickness without altering
growth performance and body metabolism, resulting in improved yield score and
grade. Therefore, feeding a high CP diet may be beneficial in the farm income,
although it may also increase feed cost and nitrogen excretion to the
environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Jeon
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Mingyung Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jakyeom Seo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | | | | | - Seongwon Seo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Angelidis AE, Crompton L, Misselbrook T, Yan T, Reynolds CK, Stergiadis S. Equations to predict nitrogen outputs in manure, urine and faeces from beef cattle fed diets with contrasting crude protein concentration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113074. [PMID: 34214792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accurately predicting nitrogen (N) outputs in manure, urine and faeces from beef cattle is crucial for the realistic assessment of the environmental footprint of beef production and the development of sustainable N mitigation strategies. This study aimed to develop and validate equations for N outputs in manure, urine and faeces for animals under diets with contrasting crude protein (CP) concentrations. Measurements from individual animals (n = 570), including bodyweight, feed intake and chemical composition, and N outputs were (i) analysed as a merged database and also (ii) split into three sub-sets, according to diet CP concentration (low CP, 84-143 g/kg dry matter, n = 190; medium CP, 144-162 g/kg dry matter, n = 190; high CP, 163-217 g/kg dry matter, n = 190). Prediction equations were developed and validated using residual maximum likelihood analysis and mean prediction error (MPE), respectively. In low CP diets the lowest MPE for N outputs in manure, urine and faeces was 0.244, 0.594 and 0.263, respectively; diet CP-specific equations improved accuracy in certain occasions, by 4.9% and 18.3% for manure N output and faeces N output respectively, while a reduction by 5.7% in the prediction accuracy for urinary N output was noticed. In medium CP diets the lowest MPE for N outputs in manure, urine and faeces was 0.227, 0.391 and 0.394, respectively; diet CP-specific equations improved accuracy by 13.2%, 41.2% and 16.8% respectively. In high CP diets the lowest MPE for N outputs in manure, urine and faeces was 0.120, 0.154 and 0.144, respectively; diet CP-specific equations improved accuracy in certain occasions by 5.8%, 9.1% and 6.3% respectively. This study demonstrated that for improved prediction accuracy of N outputs in manure, urine and faeces from beef cattle, the use of dietary CP concentration is essential while dietary starch, fat, and metabolisable energy concentrations can be used to further improve accuracy. In beef cattle fed low CP concentration diets, using diet CP-specific equations improves prediction accuracy when feed intake or dietary CP concentration are not known. However, in beef cattle fed medium or high CP concentration diets, using equations that have been developed from animals fed similar CP concentration diets, substantially improves the prediction accuracy of N outputs in manure, urine and faeces in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos E Angelidis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, New Agriculture Building, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Les Crompton
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, New Agriculture Building, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Misselbrook
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, United Kingdom
| | - Tianhai Yan
- Sustainable Agri-Food Sciences Division, Livestock Production Science Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Large Park, Hillsborough, County Down, BT26 6DR, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher K Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, New Agriculture Building, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6EU, United Kingdom; Centre for Dairy Research, University of Reading, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, New Agriculture Building, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, New Agriculture Building, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6EU, United Kingdom.
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Dong RL, Zhao GY, Chai LL, Beauchemin KA. Prediction of urinary and fecal nitrogen excretion by beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:4669-81. [PMID: 25149338 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An analysis of predicting urinary and fecal N excretion from beef cattle was conducted using a data set summarizing 49 published studies representing 180 treatment means for 869 animals. Variables included in the data set were initial BW (kg), DMI (kg/d), dietary CP content (% of DM), N intake (g/d), apparent total tract N digestibility (%), and urinary and fecal N excretion (g/d). Correlation analysis examined relationships between animal and dietary variables and N excretion. A mixed model regression analysis was used to develop equations to predict N excretion in urine and feces and the proportion of urinary N in total N excretion as a function of various animal and dietary variables. Of the single animal and dietary variables, N intake was the best predictor of N excretion in urine and feces, whereas apparent total tract N digestibility was best to predict the proportion of urinary N in total N excretion. Low prediction errors and evaluation of the equations using cross-validation indicated the prediction equations were accurate and robust. Urinary and fecal N excretion can be accurately and precisely predicted by N intake, whereas the proportion of urinary N in total N excretion was best predicted solely using apparent total tract N digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - G Y Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China
| | - L L Chai
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - K A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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Sheppard SC, Bittman S. Farm practices as they affect NH3 emissions from beef cattle. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2012-055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sheppard, S. C. and Bittman, S. 2012. Farm practices as they affect NH 3 emissions from beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 525–543. Beef cattle farms in Canada are very diverse, both in size and management. Because the total biomass of beef cattle in Canada is larger than any other livestock sector, beef also has the potential for the largest environmental impact. In this study we estimate NH3 emissions associated with beef cattle production across Canada using data on farm practices obtained from a detailed survey answered by 1380 beef farmers in 11 Ecoregions. The farms were various combinations of cow/calf, backgrounding and finishing operations. The proportion of animals on pasture varied markedly among Ecoregions, especially for cows and calves, and this markedly affected the estimated NH3 emissions. The crop components of feed also varied among Ecoregions, but the resulting crude protein concentrations were quite consistent for both backgrounding and finishing cattle. Manure was stored longer in the west than in the east, and fall spreading of manure was notably more common in the west, especially when spread on tilled land. The estimated NH3 emissions per animal were relatively consistent across Ecoregions for confinement production, but because the proportion of animals on pasture varied with Ecoregion, so did the overall estimated NH3 emissions per animal. Temperature is a key factor causing Ecoregion differences, although husbandry and manure management practices are also important. Hypothetical best management practices had little ability to reduce overall emission estimates, and could not be implemented without detailed cost/benefit analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Bittman
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada V0M 1A0
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