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Reich I, Jessie C, Ahn SJ, Choi MY, Williams C, Gormally M, Mc Donnell R. Assessment of the Biological Control Potential of Common Carabid Beetle Species for Autumn- and Winter-Active Pests (Gastropoda, Lepidoptera, Diptera: Tipulidae) in Annual Ryegrass in Western Oregon. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110722. [PMID: 33105729 PMCID: PMC7690374 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Many studies have shown that ground beetles feed on different agricultural pests, but little is known about their species communities from US cropping systems. We assessed the biological control potential of the most common carabid beetle species in Oregon annual ryegrass grown for seed by investigating spatial and temporal overlap of the most common species with those of the most damaging autumn- and winter-active pests (slugs, caterpillars and cranefly larvae) and determined the number of field-collected specimens that had fed on the respective pests using molecular gut content analysis. Only the non-native Nebria brevicollis was abundant during pest emergence and tested positive for all three pest groups. While the other common carabid beetle species—Agonum muelleri, Calosoma cancellatum and Poecilus laetulus—were also found to have consumed pests, they were active only during spring and summer, when crop damage by pests is less critical. We also show that disk tilling did not affect any of the four common carabid beetle species and that only N. brevicollis was significantly associated with a vegetated field margin. This study contributes to expanding our knowledge on conservation biological control in a system where chemical pesticides are still the mainstay of control against invertebrate pests. Abstract While carabid beetles have been shown to feed on a variety of crop pests, little is known about their species assemblages in US annual ryegrass crops, where invertebrate pests, particularly slugs, lepidopteran larvae and craneflies, incur major financial costs. This study assesses the biological control potential of carabid beetles for autumn- and winter-active pests in annual ryegrass grown for seed by: (a) investigating the spatial and temporal overlap of carabids with key pests; and (b) molecular gut content analysis using qPCR. Introduced Nebria brevicollis was the only common carabid that was active during pest emergence in autumn, with 18.6% and 8.3% of N. brevicollis collected between September and October testing positive for lepidopteran and cranefly DNA, respectively, but only 1.7% testing positive for slug DNA. While pest DNA was also detected in the guts of the other common carabid species—Agonum muelleri, Calosoma cancellatum and Poecilus laetulus—these were active only during spring and summer, when crop damage by pests is less critical. None of the four carabid species was affected by disk tilling and only N. brevicollis was significantly associated with a vegetated field margin. However, as its impact on native ecosystems is unknown, we do not recommend managing for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Reich
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.J.); (R.M.D.)
- Applied Ecology Unit, National University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-91-492719
| | - Casi Jessie
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.J.); (R.M.D.)
| | - Seung-Joon Ahn
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.-J.A.); (M.-Y.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Man-Yeon Choi
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.-J.A.); (M.-Y.C.)
| | - Christopher Williams
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Mike Gormally
- Applied Ecology Unit, National University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland;
| | - Rory Mc Donnell
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.J.); (R.M.D.)
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Forbes E, Back MA, Brooks A, Petrovskaya NB, Petrovskii SV, Pope TW, Walters KF. Locomotor behaviour promotes stability of the patchy distribution of slugs in arable fields: Tracking the movement of individual Deroceras reticulatum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2944-2952. [PMID: 32400941 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution of the grey field slug (Deroceras reticulatum Müller) in arable fields is characterised by patches containing higher slug densities dispersed within areas of lower densities. Behavioural responses that lead to the spatial/temporal stability of these patches are poorly understood, thus this study investigated behavioural mechanisms underpinning slug distribution using a new method for long-term tracking of individual slug movement in the field. RESULTS A technique for implanting radio frequency identification (RFID) tags (each with a unique identification code) beneath the body wall of slugs was developed. Laboratory tests indicated no consistent detrimental effect on survival, feeding, egg laying or locomotor behaviour (velocity, distance travelled). Movement of individual slugs above and below the soil surface was recorded for >5 weeks (in spring and autumn) in winter wheat fields. Most (~80%) foraged within a limited area; and at the end of the observation period were located at a mean distance of 78.7 ± 33.7 cm (spring) or 101.9 ± 24.1 cm (autumn) from their release point. The maximum detected distance from the release point was 408.8 cm. The remaining slugs (~20%) moved further away and ultimately were lost. CONCLUSIONS RFID tagging allowed continuous tracking of individual slugs, even below the soil surface. Localised movement of 80% of tracked slugs over 5 weeks offers a mechanism promoting stable slug patches in arable crops. Rapid dispersal of the remaining slugs facilitates exchange of individuals between patches. Precision targeting of pesticides at such stable slug patches may facilitate reduced usage. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Forbes
- Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - Matthew A Back
- Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - Andrew Brooks
- Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | | | | | - Tom W Pope
- Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - Keith Fa Walters
- Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
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Miczajka VL, Klein AM, Pufal G. Slug activity density increases seed predation independently of an urban–rural gradient. Basic Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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El-Danasoury H, Iglesias-Piñeiro J, Córdoba M. The effect of climate manipulations on the herbivory of the pest slug Deroceras reticulatum (Müller, 1774) (Pulmonata: Agriolimacidae). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2016; 60:1501-1507. [PMID: 26815907 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The pestiferous status of the terrestrial slug Deroceras reticulatum and the strong dependence of its biology and ecology on climatic factors have driven research on the potential responses of the slug to predicted scenarios of climate change. Here, we report two short-term experiments performed outdoors, under seminatural conditions, to assess the behavioural response of D. reticulatum to different climate manipulations in terms of herbivory, by measuring over 7 days the damage inflicted by slug populations to lettuce seedlings. The climate manipulations tested emulate predicted climatic conditions for northwest Spain, specifically winter warming and increased summer rainfall, in contrast respectively with normal winter conditions and summer without rain conditions. In a winter experiment, we compared a normal winter treatment with a winter warming treatment; with respect to the normal winter treatment, the winter warming treatment was characterised by higher temperature, lower relative humidity and the absence of rainfall. In a summer experiment, we compared a summer drought treatment with an increased summer rainfall treatment; with respect to the summer drought treatment, the increased summer rainfall treatment was characterised by the presence of rainfall, while the conditions of temperature and relative humidity were similar in both treatments. Neither winter warming nor increased summer rainfall did lead to a significant increase on the number of seedlings damaged by the slugs. However, with both treatments, we found a moderate increase on the amount of damage suffered by the seedlings. The results are discussed in the context of the potential responses of D. reticulatum to future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H El-Danasoury
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - J Iglesias-Piñeiro
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Córdoba
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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The effect of temperature and humidity on the grazing activity of Deroceras reticulatum (O. F. Müller, 1774) and the damage to rape plants. FOLIA MALACOLOGICA 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/v10125-011-0017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Galic N, Hommen U, Baveco JMH, van den Brink PJ. Potential application of population models in the European ecological risk assessment of chemicals. II. Review of models and their potential to address environmental protection aims. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2010; 6:338-60. [PMID: 20821698 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Whereas current chemical risk assessment (RA) schemes within the European Union (EU) focus mainly on toxicity and bioaccumulation of chemicals in individual organisms, most protection goals aim at preserving populations of nontarget organisms rather than individuals. Ecological models are tools rarely recommended in official technical documents on RA of chemicals, but are widely used by researchers to assess risks to populations, communities and ecosystems. Their great advantage is the relatively straightforward integration of the sensitivity of species to chemicals, the mode of action and fate in the environment of toxicants, life-history traits of the species of concern, and landscape features. To promote the usage of ecological models in regulatory risk assessment, this study tries to establish whether existing, published ecological modeling studies have addressed or have the potential to address the protection aims and requirements of the chemical directives of the EU. We reviewed 148 publications, and evaluated and analyzed them in a database according to defined criteria. Published models were also classified in terms of 5 areas where their application would be most useful for chemical RA. All potential application areas are well represented in the published literature. Most models were developed to estimate population-level responses on the basis of individual effects, followed by recovery process assessment, both in individuals and at the level of metapopulations. We provide case studies for each of the proposed areas of ecological model application. The lack of clarity about protection goals in legislative documents made it impossible to establish a direct link between modeling studies and protection goals. Because most of the models reviewed here were not developed for regulatory risk assessment, there is great potential and a variety of ecological models in the published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Galic
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research centre, P. O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Vinatier F, Tixier P, Le Page C, Duyck PF, Lescourret F. COSMOS, a spatially explicit model to simulate the epidemiology of Cosmopolites sordidus in banana fields. Ecol Modell 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Individual-based models for stage structured populations: formulation of “no regression” development equations. J Math Biol 2009; 60:831-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00285-009-0287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rae R, Verdun C, Grewal PS, Robertson JF, Wilson MJ. Biological control of terrestrial molluscs using Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita--progress and prospects. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2007; 63:1153-64. [PMID: 17912686 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita Schneider (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) is a nematode that parasitises a wide range of slug and snail species. It has been formulated into a biological control agent (Nemaslug) and was commercialised in 1994. It is now available in fourteen European countries. A review is given of all research on P. hermaphrodita, including basic biology, mass cultivation, formulation, host range, application strategies, field efficacy and effects on non-target organisms. The many critical gaps in present knowledge are highlighted, and future research is proposed that will lead to greater understanding of this unusual parasite and may enable its more widespread use in the management of mollusc pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie Rae
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Spemannstrasse 35, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Modelling population dynamics of banana plant-parasitic nematodes: A contribution to the design of sustainable cropping systems. Ecol Modell 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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