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Nguyen MH, Zbair M, Dutournié P, Limousy L, Bennici S. Corn Cobs' Biochar as Green Host of Salt Hydrates for Enhancing the Water Sorption Kinetics in Thermochemical Heat Storage Systems. Molecules 2023; 28:5381. [PMID: 37513253 PMCID: PMC10383902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat storage technologies are essential for increasing the use of solar energy in the household sector. Their development can be achieved by designing new storage materials; one way is to impregnate a porous matrix with hygroscopic salts. In this article, the possibility of using biochar-based composite sorbents to develop promising new heat storage materials for efficient thermal storage is explored. Biochar-based composites with defined salt loadings (5, 10, 15, and 20%) were produced by impregnating MgSO4 into a biochar matrix derived from corn cobs. The new materials demonstrated a high water sorption capacity of 0.24 g/g (20MgCC). After six successive charging-discharging cycles (dehydration/dehydration cycles), only a negligible variation of the heat released and the water uptake was measured, confirming the absence of deactivation of 20MgCC upon cycling. The new 20MgCC composite showed an energy storage density of 635 J/g (Tads = 30 °C and RH = 60%), higher than that of other composites containing a similar amount of hydrate salt. The macroporous nature of this biochar increases the available surface for salt deposition. During the hydration step, the water molecules effectively diffuse through a homogeneous layer of salt, as described by the intra-particle model applied in this work. The new efficient biochar-based composites open a low-carbon path for the production of sustainable thermal energy storage materials and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Hoang Nguyen
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohamed Zbair
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Dutournié
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lionel Limousy
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Simona Bennici
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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Ceballos E, Cama J, Soler JM, Frei R. Release and mobility of hexavalent chromium in contaminated soil with chemical factory waste: Experiments, Cr isotope analysis and reactive transport modeling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131193. [PMID: 36931219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Our study focused on the leaching processes in soil contaminated with hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), traced to industrial waste from a disused site and resulting in groundwater contamination. Mineral and geochemical characterization of the soil by means of XRD, SEM-EDS, total digestion and sequential extractions revealed that the main Cr content was from solid waste located in the upper meter of the soil profile. Flow-through and column experiments were carried out to investigate the processes responsible for Cr(VI) release. Cr(VI) mobility along the soil profile was also assessed. Moreover, Cr isotope signatures were used to evaluate a potential Cr(VI) reduction process, which preferably could immobilize toxic Cr(VI) complexes. One-dimensional (1D) numerical simulations reproduced the Cr(VI) release from the flow-through experiment containing the Cr(VI) rich-solid waste and also the Cr(VI) mobility along the column experiment. These results enabled us to interpret quantitatively the processes resulting in Cr(VI) contamination and mobility along the soil profile. Cr(VI) was released from dissolving Cr(VI)-rich phases (e.g., sodium chromate, Cr(VI)-hydrocalumite and Cr(VI)-ettringite) of the solid waste layer. Cr(VI) reduction and Cr(VI) adsorption did not take place along the column. Such accurate characterization of these processes is necessary for the mitigation of Cr(VI) mobility in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Ceballos
- Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff"(IHLLA), CONICET-UNCPBA-CIC, 7300 Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Jordi Cama
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep M Soler
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Robert Frei
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Eberbach M, Huinink HP, Shkatulov AI, Fischer HR, Adan OCG. The Effect of Nanoconfinement on Deliquescence of CuCl 2 Is Stronger than on Hydration. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:1343-1354. [PMID: 36879773 PMCID: PMC9983011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The hydration of salts has gained particular interest within the frame of thermochemical energy storage. Most salt hydrates expand when absorbing water and shrink when desorbing, which decreases the macroscopic stability of salt particles. In addition, the salt particle stability can be compromised by a transition to an aqueous salt solution, called deliquescence. The deliquescence often leads to a conglomeration of the salt particles, which can block the mass and heat flow through a reactor. One way of macroscopically stabilizing the salt concerning expansion, shrinkage, and conglomeration is the confinement inside a porous material. To study the effect of nanoconfinement, composites of CuCl2 and mesoporous silica (pore size 2.5-11 nm) were prepared. Study of sorption equilibrium showed that the pore size had little or no effect on the onsets of (de)hydration phase transition of the CuCl2 inside the silica gel pores. At the same time, isothermal measurements showed a significant lowering of the deliquescence onset in water vapor pressure. The lowering of the deliquescence onset leads to its overlap with hydration transition for the smallest pores (<3.8 nm). A theoretical consideration of the described effects is given in the framework of nucleation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela
C. Eberbach
- Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- EIRES, Horsten 1, 5612 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P. Huinink
- Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- EIRES, Horsten 1, 5612 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandr I. Shkatulov
- Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- German
Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hartmut R. Fischer
- TNO
Materials Solutions, High Tech Campus 25, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf C. G. Adan
- Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- TNO
Materials Solutions, High Tech Campus 25, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Cellcius
BV, Horsten 1, 5612 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Banos O, Bergmann U, Glorius M, Ohmann S, Seidel T, Breitkopf C. New preparation methods for coated heat exchangers in adsorption refrigeration and heat pumps applications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8004. [PMID: 35568715 PMCID: PMC9107492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adsorption refrigeration systems and heat pumps still possess a relatively reduced market share as compared to the traditional compression systems. Despite having the great advantage of being powered by cheap heat (instead of expensive electric work), the implementation of systems based on adsorption principles remains limited to few specific applications. The main drawback that needs to be solved is their reduced specific power due to the low thermal conductivity and low stability of the adsorbents. The current state of the art of commercial adsorption cooling systems rely on adsorbers based on coated finned heat exchangers to optimize the cooling power. It is a well known result, that the reduction of the thickness of the coating derives in a reduction of the mass transport impedance, and that the increment of the ratio surface to volume of conductive structures increases the power without reducing the efficiency. The metallic fibres used in this work can offer a ratio of specific surface in the range of 2500-50,000 m2/m3.Three methods of preparing very thin but stable salt-hydrate coatings on metallic surfaces, including metallic fibres, for the production of coated heat exchangers with high specific power, are presented for the first time. A surface treatment based on aluminium anodizing was chosen to create a stronger bond between coat and substrate. The microscopic structure of the resulting surface was analysed by Scan Electron Microscopy. To verify the presence of the desired species Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transformed Infrared and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were employed in the analysis. Their capacity to form hydrates was verified via simultaneous Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)/Differential Thermogravimetry (DTG). Over a mass difference of 0.07 g(water)/g(composite) was detected in the coating of MgSO4, which showed signs of dehydration at temperatures around 60 °C, and repeatability after rehydration. Also positive results were obtained with SrCl2 and ZnSO4 with mass differences around 0.02 g/g below 100 °C. Hydroxyethyl Cellulose was chosen as additive to increase the stability and adherence of the coatings. The adsorption properties of the product were evaluated with simultaneous TGA-DTG, while their adherence was characterized by means of a procedure based on the test described in ISO2409. Coatings of CaCl2 displayed a much improved consistency and adherence, while retaining its adsorption capacity, showing mass differences of around 0.1 g/g at temperatures below 100 °C. Also MgSO4 retains the capacity of forming hydrates, showing a mass difference of more than 0.04 g/g below 100 °C. Finally, coated metallic fibres were investigated. Results show that the effective heat conductivity of a fibre structure coated with Al2(SO4)3 can be up to 4.7 times higher as compared to a block of pure Al2(SO4)3 . The coverage of the pursued coatings was visually investigated and the internal structure was evaluated by microscopic imaging of cross-sections. Coatings of around 50 µm of Al2(SO4)3 were generated, but in general the process requires optimization to achieve a more uniform distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Banos
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ute Bergmann
- Chair of Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maja Glorius
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Ohmann
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Seidel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials, 25389, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelia Breitkopf
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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Peeters R, Vanderschaeghe H, Rongé J, Martens JA. Fresh water production from atmospheric air: Technology and innovation outlook. iScience 2021; 24:103266. [PMID: 34761186 PMCID: PMC8567397 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Capturing water vapor from atmospheric air is a possible solution to local water scarcity, but it is very energy demanding. Energy consumption estimates of water-from-air technologies involving adsorption processes, thermo-responsive hydrophilicity switching polymers, air cooling processes, and reverse osmosis of deliquescent salt solutions reveal that these technologies are not competitive when compared with seawater desalination, and the use of fresh water and wastewater sources. They only become a viable option in the absence of local liquid water sources and when long-distance transport for socio-economic reasons is not an option. Of interest, direct solar-driven technology for water-from-air production is an attractive means to disentangle the local water-energy nexus. It is expected that climate change will accelerate the introduction of water-from-air technologies in local water supply schemes. The optimal water-from-air technology depends on the climate, relative humidity, and temperature profiles. A world map is presented, indicating the optimal geographic location for each technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Peeters
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f - bus 2461, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Hannah Vanderschaeghe
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f - bus 2461, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Jan Rongé
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f - bus 2461, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f - bus 2461, Leuven 3001, Belgium
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Insight into the roles of two typical ion clusters and their second hydration shells: Implication for the nucleation mechanism in MgSO4 aqueous solution. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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