1
|
Wang H, Vagin SI, Rieger B, Meldrum A. An Ultrasensitive Fluorescent Paper-Based CO 2 Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:20507-20513. [PMID: 32320202 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a versatile and easily fabricated paper-based CO2 sensor. The sensor consists of a specially designed fluorescent color-shift chromophore infused into standard filter paper. The emission color of the resulting fluorescent paper changes upon exposure to CO2 due to the formation of carbonic acid, which underlies the sensing mechanism. By using a ratiometric method, the undesirable effects of photobleaching can be eliminated, leading to a stable and repeatable sensor performance. These multiuse sensors have a response time on the order of 1 min and feature low detection limits for a paper-based CO2 gas sensor, suggesting possible low-cost applications in smart buildings or other facilities in which CO2 levels are required to be continuously monitored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Sergei I Vagin
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Alkiviathes Meldrum
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fuks O, Ibrahima F, Tomin P, A. Tchelepi H. Uncertainty Propagation for Compositional Flow Using a Probability Distribution Method. Transp Porous Media 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-020-01382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
3
|
Roefs P, Moretti M, Welkenhuysen K, Piessens K, Compernolle T. CO 2-enhanced oil recovery and CO 2 capture and storage: An environmental economic trade-off analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 239:167-177. [PMID: 30901695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CO2 enhanced oil recovery can play a significant role in stimulating carbon capture and storage because of additional oil revenues generated. However, it also leads to additional greenhouse gas emissions. We estimate the global warming potential of different CO2 capture scenarios with and without enhanced oil recovery. During a 10 year period in which oil and electricity are produced without CO2 being captured, the global warming potential is 11 MtCO2 equivalents. We show that if CO2 is captured and used for 15 years of enhanced oil recovery, the global warming potential decreases to 3.4 MtCO2 equivalents. This level is 100% higher compared to the scenario in which the captured CO2 would be stored in an offshore aquifer instead. If the capture of CO2 is stopped when the oil reservoir is depleted, the global warming potential resulting from 10 years electricity production is 6 MtCO2 equivalents. However, if CO2 is stored in the depleted reservoir, the global warming potential is six times lower during that period. Electricity production and oil refining are the main contributors to the global warming potential. The net present value analysis indicates that for CO2 prices lower than or equal to 15 €/t and oil prices greater than or equal to 115 €/t, it is most profitable to capture CO2 for enhanced oil recovery only. Because of the low CO2 price considered, large incomes from oil production are required to stimulate CO2 capture. The environmental economic trade-off analysis shows that if CO2-enhanced oil recovery is followed by CO2 capture and storage, costs increase, but the net present value remains positive and the global warming potential is reduced. Authorities could use these outcomes to support the development of economic mechanisms for shared investments in CO2 capture installations and to mandate both oil producer and large CO2 emitting firms to store CO2 in depleted oil fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Roefs
- Department of Economics - University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13- 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Michele Moretti
- Centre of Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D - 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium; University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Economy and Rural Development Unit, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Kris Welkenhuysen
- Geological Survey of Belgium - Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Jennerstraat 13 - 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Piessens
- Geological Survey of Belgium - Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Jennerstraat 13 - 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tine Compernolle
- Department of Economics - University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13- 2000, Antwerp, Belgium; Geological Survey of Belgium - Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Jennerstraat 13 - 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Environmental and Operational Performance of CO2-EOR as a CCUS Technology: A Cranfield Example with Dynamic LCA Considerations. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the potential of carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions without compromising oil production goals. A novel, dynamic carbon lifecycle analysis (d-LCA) was developed and used to understand the evolution of the environmental impact (CO2 emissions) and mitigation (geologic CO2 storage) associated with an expanded carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) system, from start to closure of operations. EOR operational performance was assessed through CO2 utilization rates, which relate usage of CO2 to oil production. Because field operational strategies have a significant impact on reservoir engineering parameters that affect both CO2 storage and oil production (e.g., sweep efficiency, flood conformance, fluid saturation distribution), we conducted a scenario analysis that assessed the operational and environmental performance of four common and novel CO2-EOR field development strategies. Each scenario was evaluated with and without stacked saline carbon storage, an EOR/storage combination strategy where excess CO2 from the recycling facility is injected into an underlying saline aquifer for long-term carbon storage. The dynamic interplay between operational and environmental performance formed the basis of our CCUS technology analysis. The results showed that all CO2-EOR evaluated scenarios start operating with a negative carbon footprint and, years into the project, transitioned into operating with a positive carbon footprint. The transition points were significantly different in each scenario. Water-alternating-gas (WAG) was identified as the CO2 injection strategy with the highest potential to co-optimize EOR and carbon storage goals. The results provide an understanding of the evolution of the system’s net carbon balance in all four field development strategies studied. The environmental performance can be significantly improved with stacked storage, where a negative carbon footprint can be maintained throughout the life of the operation in most of the injection scenarios modelled. This information will be useful to CO2-EOR operators seeking value in storing more CO2 through a carbon credit program (e.g., the 45Q carbon credit program in the USA). Most importantly, this study serves as confirmation that CO2-EOR can be operationally designed to both enhance oil production and reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Cai B, Li Q, Liu G, Liu L, Jin T, Shi H. Environmental concern-based site screening of carbon dioxide geological storage in China. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7598. [PMID: 28790358 PMCID: PMC5548788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental impacts and risks related to carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) projects may have direct effects on the decision-making process during CCS site selection. This paper proposes a novel method of environmental optimization for CCS site selection using China’s ecological red line approach. Moreover, this paper established a GIS based spatial analysis model of environmental optimization during CCS site selection by a large database. The comprehensive data coverage of environmental elements and fine 1 km spatial resolution were used in the database. The quartile method was used for value assignment for specific indicators including the prohibited index and restricted index. The screening results show that areas classified as having high environmental suitability (classes III and IV) in China account for 620,800 km2 and 156,600 km2, respectively, and are mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia, Qinghai and Xinjiang. The environmental suitability class IV areas of Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Hotan Prefecture, Aksu Prefecture, Hulunbuir, Xilingol League and other prefecture-level regions not only cover large land areas, but also form a continuous area in the three provincial-level administrative units. This study may benefit the national macro-strategic deployment and implementation of CCS spatial layout and environmental management in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bofeng Cai
- Center for Climate and Environmental Policy, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Guizhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lancui Liu
- Center for Climate and Environmental Policy, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Taotao Jin
- Center for Climate and Environmental Policy, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Le Van S, Chon BH. Effects of salinity and slug size in miscible CO2 water-alternating-gas core flooding experiments. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
Dai Z, Viswanathan H, Middleton R, Pan F, Ampomah W, Yang C, Jia W, Xiao T, Lee SY, McPherson B, Balch R, Grigg R, White M. CO2 Accounting and Risk Analysis for CO2 Sequestration at Enhanced Oil Recovery Sites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7546-7554. [PMID: 27362472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using CO2 in enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) is a promising technology for emissions management because CO2-EOR can dramatically reduce sequestration costs in the absence of emissions policies that include incentives for carbon capture and storage. This study develops a multiscale statistical framework to perform CO2 accounting and risk analysis in an EOR environment at the Farnsworth Unit (FWU), Texas. A set of geostatistical-based Monte Carlo simulations of CO2-oil/gas-water flow and transport in the Morrow formation are conducted for global sensitivity and statistical analysis of the major risk metrics: CO2/water injection/production rates, cumulative net CO2 storage, cumulative oil/gas productions, and CO2 breakthrough time. The median and confidence intervals are estimated for quantifying uncertainty ranges of the risk metrics. A response-surface-based economic model has been derived to calculate the CO2-EOR profitability for the FWU site with a current oil price, which suggests that approximately 31% of the 1000 realizations can be profitable. If government carbon-tax credits are available, or the oil price goes up or CO2 capture and operating expenses reduce, more realizations would be profitable. The results from this study provide valuable insights for understanding CO2 storage potential and the corresponding environmental and economic risks of commercial-scale CO2-sequestration in depleted reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxue Dai
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Hari Viswanathan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Richard Middleton
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Feng Pan
- Energy and Geoscience Institute, The University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - William Ampomah
- Petroleum Recovery Research Center, New Mexico Tech , Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Changbing Yang
- Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78713, United States
| | - Wei Jia
- Energy and Geoscience Institute, The University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Ting Xiao
- Energy and Geoscience Institute, The University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Si-Yong Lee
- Schlumberger Carbon Services , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Brian McPherson
- Energy and Geoscience Institute, The University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Robert Balch
- Petroleum Recovery Research Center, New Mexico Tech , Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Reid Grigg
- Petroleum Recovery Research Center, New Mexico Tech , Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Mark White
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Performance of Surfactant-Polymer Flooding in Horizontal Wells Consisting of Multilayers in a Reservoir System. ENERGIES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/en9040244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
10
|
Interactions and exchange of CO2 and H2O in coals: an investigation by low-field NMR relaxation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19919. [PMID: 26817784 PMCID: PMC4730140 DOI: 10.1038/srep19919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which CO2 and water interact in coal remain unclear and these are key questions for understanding ECBM processes and defining the long-term behaviour of injected CO2. In our experiments, we injected helium/CO2 to displace water in eight water-saturated samples. We used low-field NMR relaxation to investigate CO2 and water interactions in these coals across a variety of time-scales. The injection of helium did not change the T2 spectra of the coals. In contrast, the T2 spectra peaks of micro-capillary water gradually decreased and those of macro-capillary and bulk water increased with time after the injection of CO2. We assume that the CO2 diffuses through and/or dissolves into the capillary water to access the coal matrix interior, which promotes desorption of water molecules from the surfaces of coal micropores and mesopores. The replaced water mass is mainly related to the Langmuir adsorption volume of CO2 and increases as the CO2 adsorption capacity increases. Other factors, such as mineral composition, temperature and pressure, also influence the effective exchange between water and CO2. Finally, we built a quantified model to evaluate the efficiency of water replacement by CO2 injection with respect to temperature and pressure.
Collapse
|
11
|
Screening Criteria and Considerations of Offshore Enhanced Oil Recovery. ENERGIES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/en9010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Cooney G, Littlefield J, Marriott J, Skone TJ. Evaluating the climate benefits of CO2-enhanced oil recovery using life cycle analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:7491-7500. [PMID: 25992466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study uses life cycle analysis (LCA) to evaluate the greenhouse gas (GHG) performance of carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced oil recovery (EOR) systems. A detailed gate-to-gate LCA model of EOR was developed and incorporated into a cradle-to-grave boundary with a functional unit of 1 MJ of combusted gasoline. The cradle-to-grave model includes two sources of CO2: natural domes and anthropogenic (fossil power equipped with carbon capture). A critical parameter is the crude recovery ratio, which describes how much crude is recovered for a fixed amount of purchased CO2. When CO2 is sourced from a natural dome, increasing the crude recovery ratio decreases emissions, the opposite is true for anthropogenic CO2. When the CO2 is sourced from a power plant, the electricity coproduct is assumed to displace existing power. With anthropogenic CO2, increasing the crude recovery ratio reduces the amount of CO2 required, thereby reducing the amount of power displaced and the corresponding credit. Only the anthropogenic EOR cases result in emissions lower than conventionally produced crude. This is not specific to EOR, rather the fact that carbon-intensive electricity is being displaced with captured electricity, and the fuel produced from that system receives a credit for this displacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Cooney
- Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, 651 Holiday Drive, Foster Plaza 5, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15220, United States
- Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, 651 Holiday Drive, Foster Plaza 5, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15220, United States
- Lead Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, 651 Holiday Drive, Foster Plaza 5, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15220, United States
- Senior Environmental Engineer, National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| | - James Littlefield
- Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, 651 Holiday Drive, Foster Plaza 5, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15220, United States
- Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, 651 Holiday Drive, Foster Plaza 5, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15220, United States
- Lead Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, 651 Holiday Drive, Foster Plaza 5, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15220, United States
- Senior Environmental Engineer, National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| | - Joe Marriott
- Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, 651 Holiday Drive, Foster Plaza 5, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15220, United States
- Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, 651 Holiday Drive, Foster Plaza 5, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15220, United States
- Lead Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, 651 Holiday Drive, Foster Plaza 5, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15220, United States
- Senior Environmental Engineer, National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| | - Timothy J Skone
- Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, 651 Holiday Drive, Foster Plaza 5, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15220, United States
- Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, 651 Holiday Drive, Foster Plaza 5, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15220, United States
- Lead Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, 651 Holiday Drive, Foster Plaza 5, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15220, United States
- Senior Environmental Engineer, National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| |
Collapse
|