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Jacobs W, Merianos AL, Lee Smith M, Nabors L, Fajayan A, Valente TW. Examining the Role of Weight Status and Individual Attributes on Adolescent Social Relations. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:108-114. [PMID: 32171602 PMCID: PMC7311236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Weight stigmatization during adolescence may compromise the development of social relations important for the development. This study examined the associations between weight status and likelihood of nomination (indegree) for five different social network types-friendship, romantic, admiration, succeed, and popularity. METHODS Data for the study were from 1,110 tenth grade students (aged 11-19 years) from four high schools in one Los Angeles school district in 2010. Multiple Poisson regression analyses using generalized linear model were conducted to examine the relationship between weight status (underweight/normal weight/overweight measured with body mass index calculated from self-reported height and weight) and adolescents' indegree for the five different networks. RESULTS Obese adolescents were significantly less likely to be nominated as romantic interest (odds ratio [OR]: .29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .19-42), admired (OR: .80, 95% CI: .65-.97), or popular (OR: .71, 95% CI: .57-.88) compared with their normal weight peers. Overweight adolescents were also less likely to be nominated as a romantic interest (OR: .57, 95% CI: .42-.78) or popular (OR: .67, 95% CI: .53-.84) compared with those who were normal weight. Underweight adolescents were also less likely to be nominated as friends (OR: .76, 95% CI: .60-98), someone admired (OR: .61, 95% CI: .42-.89), likely to succeed (OR: .62, 95% CI: .44-.87), or popular (OR: .40, 95% CI: .25-.64). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest weight status is associated with being selected by peers into different types of adolescent networks. Underweight, overweight, and obese adolescents are at an increased risk for social isolation because of their weight. This may have a negative impact on their peer relations important for social development, self-esteem, and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wura Jacobs
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Stanislaus, Turlock, California.
| | - Ashley L Merianos
- School of Human Services, College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- Center for Population Health and Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Laura Nabors
- School of Human Services, College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alane Fajayan
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, California
| | - Thomas W Valente
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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2
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Nishida A, Foo JC, Shimodera S, Nishida A, Okazaki Y, Togo F, Sasaki T. The association of weight status and weight perception with number of confidants in adolescents. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225908. [PMID: 31800623 PMCID: PMC6892562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight status and self-weight perception are related to social relationship issues. Studies have suggested links between non-normal weight status or weight perception and youths having fewer confidants, but these relationships are unclear and remain to be studied. This preliminary cross-sectional study examined the effects of weight status and weight perception on the number of confidants in adolescents. Self-report data from 15,279 grade 7–12 students (54.2% boys) were analyzed. The number of confidants (0–3 or ≥ 4) was examined, according to five weight status categories (underweight, low-normal weight, mid-normal weight (reference), high-normal weight, overweight, with Body Mass Index corresponding to ≤ 18.5, ≤ 20.0, ≤ 22.5, ≤ 25.0 and > 25.0 in adults, respectively), and five weight perception categories (too thin, a bit thin, good (reference), a bit fat, too fat). Boys and girls who were overweight and those who perceived themselves to be too fat were significantly more likely to have few confidants. High-normal weight in girls and self-perception of being a bit fat in boys were also associated with having few confidants. In boys, underweight and self-perception of being too thin were additionally associated with having few confidants. Adolescents with non-normal weight status or weight perception may have fewer confidants and require more social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Nishida
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jerome Clifford Foo
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shinji Shimodera
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Okazaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiharu Togo
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Quaidoo EY, Ohemeng A, Amankwah-Poku M. Weight perceptions, weight management practices, and nutritional status of emerging adults living in the Accra Metropolis. BMC Nutr 2018; 4:53. [PMID: 32153914 PMCID: PMC7050933 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-018-0265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many young people have a tendency to be concerned about their physical appearance and undertake practices in order to achieve certain body ideals. There is however limited information from developing countries on the weight perceptions of emerging adults (i.e. individuals leaving the adolescence life stage and preparing to take on adulthood) and whether these opinions influence their nutritional status and weight management practices. This study sought to assess emerging adults' nutritional status, their weight perceptions and the methods they use to manage their weight. Methods This study was cross-sectional, involving emerging adults (N = 192) recruited at shopping areas in the Accra Metropolis of Ghana. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic characteristics, weight perceptions, and weight management strategies. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard procedures. Descriptive analysis was performed on the demographic data, methods used to manage weight, and weight perceptions. Logistic regression was used to assess possible relationships between weight perceptions and nutritional status as well as weight perceptions and weight management practices. Results The mean age of participants was 21.8(2.2) years with 51.0% of participants being female. Majority of the participants perceived normal weight status as the ideal body for themselves and half of them thought that they were slimmer than they actually were in reality. Three major weight management strategies were identified: engaging in physical activity, dieting and making lifestyle modifications (i.e. changes in normal eating habits coupled with regular physical activity and behavioral changes). Emerging adults who had an inaccurate body image perception were less likely (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.15-0.61) to have a healthy nutritional status than emerging adults who had an accurate body image perception. Conclusion Weight perception was associated with nutritional status. Discussions with nutrition professionals regarding realistic weight ideals would be beneficial for this age-group since half of the study's participants had inaccurate perceptions about their current weight statuses even though their statuses were normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esi Yaabah Quaidoo
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Agartha Ohemeng
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Quiroga E, García I, Benítez-Andrades JA, Benavides C, Martín V, Marqués-Sánchez P. A Qualitative Study of Secondary School Teachers' Perception of Social Network Analysis Metrics in the Context of Alcohol Consumption among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14121531. [PMID: 29292718 PMCID: PMC5750949 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a transitional period during which a number of changes occur. Social relationships established during this period influence adolescent behaviour and affect academic performance or alcohol consumption habits, among other issues. Teachers are very important actors in observing and guiding the evolution of their students, and should therefore have the appropriate knowledge and tools to gain insight into the complex social relationships that exist in their classes. The use of social network analysis (SNA) techniques may be helpful in order to study and monitor the evolution of these social networks. This study tries to understand how teachers perceive SNA metrics from an intuitive point of view. Using this information, useful tools could be created that allow teachers to use SNA techniques to improve their understanding of student relationships. A number of interviews with different teachers were held in secondary schools in Spain, allowing SNA concepts to be related to the everyday terms used by the teachers to characterize their students. Results from the study have an impact on questionnaire design for gathering data from students in order to perform an SNA analysis and on the design of software applications that can help teachers to understand the results of this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enedina Quiroga
- SALBIS Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de León, Campus de Ponferrada Avda/Astorga s/n, C.P. 24402 Ponferrada (León), Spain.
| | - Isaías García
- SALBIS and SECOMUCI Research Groups, Escuela de Ingenierías Industrial e Informática, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, C.P. 24071 León, Spain.
| | - José Alberto Benítez-Andrades
- SALBIS Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de León, Campus de Ponferrada Avda/Astorga s/n, C.P. 24402 Ponferrada (León), Spain.
| | - Carmen Benavides
- SALBIS Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de León, Campus de Ponferrada Avda/Astorga s/n, C.P. 24402 Ponferrada (León), Spain.
| | - Vicente Martín
- GIGAS Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, C.P. 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Pilar Marqués-Sánchez
- SALBIS Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de León, Campus de Ponferrada Avda/Astorga s/n, C.P. 24402 Ponferrada (León), Spain.
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Brunner TA, Casetti L, Haueter P, Müller P, Nydegger A, Spalinger J. Nutrient intake of Swiss toddlers. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2489-2499. [PMID: 28812189 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE During the first years of life, food preferences are shaped that might last throughout a person's entire life affecting his/her health in the long term. However, knowledge on early feeding habits is still limited for toddlers. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to: (1) assess toddlers' nutrient intake; (2) compare the findings to past studies as well as to national feeding recommendations and (3) identify major food sources for energy and macronutrients. METHODS A food survey using a 4-day diary was conducted. The dietary software nut.s® was used to analyse the data. RESULTS A cohort of 188 healthy toddlers (aged 1-3 years) was analysed. The energy intake of most toddlers was below the recommended daily intake (RDI) but in accordance with earlier studies. Protein intake was three- to fourfold higher than the RDI and reached the proposed upper limit of 15% of total energy intake. Fat intake was in accordance with the RDI, but the balance of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids should be improved. Carbohydrate intake met the RDI. For the micronutrients, iron and vitamin D intakes showed critical values. CONCLUSION As in other European countries, the diet of Swiss toddlers in general seems adequate but does not meet all nutritional requirements. In particular, the quality of the fats and vitamin D supplementation should be improved. For proteins and iron, additional research is needed to gain more confidence in the recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Brunner
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Food Science and Management, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Länggasse 85, 3052, Zollikofen, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Casetti
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Food Science and Management, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Länggasse 85, 3052, Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Petra Haueter
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Food Science and Management, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Länggasse 85, 3052, Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Müller
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Nydegger
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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de la Haye K, Dijkstra JK, Lubbers MJ, van Rijsewijk L, Stolk R. The dual role of friendship and antipathy relations in the marginalization of overweight children in their peer networks: The TRAILS Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178130. [PMID: 28591210 PMCID: PMC5462377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight-based stigma compromises the social networks of overweight children. To date, research on the position of overweight children in their peer network has focused only on friendship relations, and not on negative relationship dimensions. This study examined how overweight was associated with relations of friendship and dislike (antipathies) in the peer group. Exponential random graph models (ERGM) were used to examine friendship and antipathy relations among overweight children and their classmates, using a sub-sample from the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (N = 504, M age 11.4). Findings showed that overweight children were less likely to receive friendship nominations, and were more likely to receive dislike nominations. Overweight children were also more likely than their non-overweight peers to nominate classmates that they disliked. Together, the results indicate that positive and negative peer relations are impacted by children’s weight status, and are relevant to addressing the social marginalization of overweight children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla de la Haye
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jan Kornelis Dijkstra
- Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS) and Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Miranda J. Lubbers
- Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Loes van Rijsewijk
- Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS) and Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ronald Stolk
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Beheshti R, Jalalpour M, Glass TA. Comparing methods of targeting obesity interventions in populations: An agent-based simulation. SSM Popul Health 2017; 3:211-218. [PMID: 29349218 PMCID: PMC5769018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Social networks as well as neighborhood environments have been shown to effect obesity-related behaviors including energy intake and physical activity. Accordingly, harnessing social networks to improve targeting of obesity interventions may be promising to the extent this leads to social multiplier effects and wider diffusion of intervention impact on populations. However, the literature evaluating network-based interventions has been inconsistent. Computational methods like agent-based models (ABM) provide researchers with tools to experiment in a simulated environment. We develop an ABM to compare conventional targeting methods (random selection, based on individual obesity risk, and vulnerable areas) with network-based targeting methods. We adapt a previously published and validated model of network diffusion of obesity-related behavior. We then build social networks among agents using a more realistic approach. We calibrate our model first against national-level data. Our results show that network-based targeting may lead to greater population impact. We also present a new targeting method that outperforms other methods in terms of intervention effectiveness at the population level. While behavioral interventions exist for obesity, uncertainty remains about how best to target those interventions to maximize population-level impact. Agent-based models are simulation tools that can be used to evaluate different targeting strategies to help policy makers. Targeting intervention resources using social networks may lead to greater population impact of behavioral interventions compared to traditional methods of targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmatollah Beheshti
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, United States
| | - Mehdi Jalalpour
- Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, United States
| | - Thomas A Glass
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
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8
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Jeon KC, Goodson P. Alcohol and sex: friendship networks and co-occurring risky health behaviours of US adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2015.1110954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kwon Chan Jeon
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Northwestern State University, Natchitoches, LA, USA
| | - Patricia Goodson
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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9
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Bruening M, Ohri-Vachaspati P, Brewis A, Laska M, Todd M, Hruschka D, Schaefer DR, Whisner CM, Dunton G. Longitudinal social networks impacts on weight and weight-related behaviors assessed using mobile-based ecological momentary assessments: Study Protocols for the SPARC study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:901. [PMID: 27576358 PMCID: PMC5006372 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transition from the home to college is a phase in which emerging adults shift toward more unhealthy eating and physical activity patterns, higher body mass indices, thus increasing risk of overweight/obesity. Currently, little is understood about how changing friendship networks shape weight gain behaviors. This paper describes the recruitment, data collection, and data analytic protocols for the SPARC (Social impact of Physical Activity and nutRition in College) study, a longitudinal examination of the mechanisms by which friends and friendship networks influence nutrition and physical activity behaviors and weight gain in the transition to college life. Methods The SPARC study aims to follow 1450 university freshmen from a large university over an academic year, collecting data on multiple aspects of friends and friendship networks. Integrating multiple types of data related to student lives, ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) are administered via a cell phone application, devilSPARC. EMAs collected in four 1-week periods (a total of 4 EMA waves) are integrated with linked data from web-based surveys and anthropometric measurements conducted at four times points (for a total of eight data collection periods including EMAs, separated by ~1 month). University databases will provide student card data, allowing integration of both time-dated data on food purchasing, use of physical activity venues, and geographical information system (GIS) locations of these activities relative to other students in their social networks. Discussion Findings are intended to guide the development of more effective interventions to enhance behaviors among college students that protect against weight gain during college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Bruening
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, 550 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Punam Ohri-Vachaspati
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, 550 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Alexandra Brewis
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Todd
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel Hruschka
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - David R Schaefer
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Corrie M Whisner
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, 550 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Genevieve Dunton
- Institute for Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Bruening M, MacLehose R, Eisenberg ME, Kim S, Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D. Friends Like Me: Associations in Overweight/Obese Status among Adolescent Friends by Race/Ethnicity, Sex, and Friendship Type. Child Obes 2015; 11:722-30. [PMID: 26655453 PMCID: PMC4677547 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2015.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how interpersonal friend relationships are associated with obesity in young people, particularly with regard to how race/ethnicity, type of friendship, and sex affect the association between friends' and adolescents' weight status. This study examined associations in weight status among adolescents and their friends, exploring magnitudes of associations across friendship type, sex, and race/ethnicity. METHODS As part of EAT-2010 (Eating and Activity in Teens), friend nominations and anthropometrics were obtained from adolescents (n = 2099: 54% female; 80% nonwhite; mean age: 14.2 ± 1.9 years). Generalized estimating equation logistic regression models were used to test associations between adolescents' overweight/obese status and friends' (i.e., friend group, female friends, male friends, female best friends, and male best friends) overweight/obese status. Interactions by adolescent race/ethnicity were examined. RESULTS The majority of significant associations were observed among white female adolescents' who had a 22-40% higher prevalence of overweight/obesity if their friends were overweight compared to white females whose friends were not overweight. In contrast, there were few significant differences for other adolescent female and male racial/ethnic groups for girls and boys. Results for friend groups and best friends were generally similar to one another. CONCLUSIONS The association between friend and adolescent overweight/obese status depended on adolescents' sex, race/ethnicity, and friendship type. Given the similarities among friends, obesity interventions targeting youth, especially white females, should consider involving friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Bruening
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Richard MacLehose
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Marla E. Eisenberg
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sunkyung Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Mary Story
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
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Abstract
Race/ethnic and socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in obesity are substantial and may widen in the future. We review nine potential mechanisms that recent research has used to explain obesity disparities. Those nine mechanisms fall into three broad groups-health behaviors, biological factors, and the social environment-which incorporate both proximate and upstream determinants of obesity disparities. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of obesity in the US population and to close race/ethnic and SES disparities in obesity will likely require the use of multifaceted interventions that target multiple mechanisms simultaneously. Unfortunately, relatively few of the mechanisms reviewed herein have been tested in an intervention framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Krueger
- Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of Colorado Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, Administration Building, 1201 5th Street, Denver, CO, 80217, USA.
| | - Eric N Reither
- Department of Sociology and the Yun Kim Population Research Laboratory, Utah State University, 0730 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
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12
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Pimenta FBC, Bertrand E, Mograbi DC, Shinohara H, Landeira-Fernandez J. The relationship between obesity and quality of life in Brazilian adults. Front Psychol 2015; 6:966. [PMID: 26236255 PMCID: PMC4500922 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions, affecting 30% of the adult population globally. During the last decade, the rising rates of obesity in developing countries has been particularly striking. One potential consequence of obesity is a decline in quality of life (QoL). Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the possible relationship between obesity, defined by body mass index (BMI), and QoL, evaluated using the short version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) scale in a Brazilian population. The sample consisted of 30 men and 30 women, divided into three groups according to BMI: normal weight, obese, and morbidly obese. All of the subjects responded to the WHOQOL inventories. The results indicated that the groups with lower BMIs had better QoL than the groups with higher BMIs. Being overweight interfered with QoL equally in both sexes, with no difference found between men and women. The results indicate the necessity of multidisciplinary care of obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda B C Pimenta
- Departamento de Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elodie Bertrand
- Departamento de Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Mograbi
- Departamento de Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helene Shinohara
- Departamento de Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J Landeira-Fernandez
- Departamento de Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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13
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Abstract
Social networks reflect the structure of our interpersonal relationships. The effect of social networks on health is a topic of growing interest, particularly in an increasingly connected world. This review provides an overview of how social relations shape obesity risk and the effectiveness of network-based obesity interventions across the life course. The review highlights that, while the literature suggests obesity and related health behaviors are similar between socially-connected individuals, why this is the case and how to effectively intervene remains unclear. In addition, the review outlines methodological gaps limiting our understanding of how social networks shape obesity risk throughout the lifecourse. Several implications for obesity prevention and research are offered, including the need to examine the relationship of social networks and obesity across rather than within life-course stages, continued development of statistical social network analysis methods and the need for new cohort studies, particularly among children and the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Pachucki
- Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA ; Division of General Academic Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth Goodman
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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14
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Gustafsson PE, Janlert U, Theorell T, Westerlund H, Hammarström A. Do peer relations in adolescence influence health in adulthood? Peer problems in the school setting and the metabolic syndrome in middle-age. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39385. [PMID: 22761778 PMCID: PMC3384652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
While the importance of social relations for health has been demonstrated in childhood, adolescence and adulthood, few studies have examined the prospective importance of peer relations for adult health. The aim of this study was to examine whether peer problems in the school setting in adolescence relates to the metabolic syndrome in middle-age. Participants came from the Northern Swedish Cohort, a 27-year cohort study of school leavers (effective n = 881, 82% of the original cohort). A score of peer problems was operationalized through form teachers' assessment of each student's isolation and popularity among school peers at age 16 years, and the metabolic syndrome was measured by clinical measures at age 43 according to established criteria. Additional information on health, health behaviors, achievement and social circumstances were collected from teacher interviews, school records, clinical measurements and self-administered questionnaires. Logistic regression was used as the main statistical method. Results showed a dose-response relationship between peer problems in adolescence and metabolic syndrome in middle-age, corresponding to 36% higher odds for the metabolic syndrome at age 43 for each SD higher peer problems score at age 16. The association remained significant after adjustment for health, health behaviors, school adjustment or family circumstances in adolescence, and for psychological distress, health behaviors or social circumstances in adulthood. In analyses stratified by sex, the results were significant only in women after adjustment for covariates. Peer problems were significantly related to all individual components of the metabolic syndrome. These results suggest that unsuccessful adaption to the school peer group can have enduring consequences for metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per E Gustafsson
- Family Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Desseilles F, Mikolajczak G, Desseilles M. [Suicide and nutrition: a bio-psychosocial approach]. SANTE MENTALE AU QUEBEC 2012; 37:65-94. [PMID: 23666282 DOI: 10.7202/1014945ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This article proposes a new bio-psychosocial perspective on the links between mental health, more specifically suicide, and nutrition. We first discuss the links between nutrition, its social role and suicide. The act of eating is studied as a social integrator and regulator, in the light of Durkheim's theorization. Nutrition is also examined as self-destruction, with particular cases of "diet-related suicide." De-structuring of meals and alienating foods are identified as contributing factors to the de-structuring of "nutrition models." We then discuss the place of food within the psychopathology, and finally, the links between biological parameters reflected in food and suicide risk. Avenues of research and intervention along this bio-psychosocial approach are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Desseilles
- Unité de droit économique et de théorie du droit, Université de Liège, Belgique
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