Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) with extracranial extension: A case report and review of literature

Case of embryonal tumor multilayered rosettes in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1

BACKGROUND

ETMR is a unique and highly malignant brain tumor mostly occurring in infants. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical presentation, histological aspects, radiological features, and therapeutic options of ETMR. Being the first report on the co-occurrence of NF1 with ETMR, it highlight the challenges of managing a patient with complex medical conditions.

CASE REPORT

We present a case of a 3 and 1/2-year-old girl with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), later diagnosed with a supratentorial brain tumor reported as an embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), along with possible co-occurrence of constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) on immunohistochemistry (IHC); however, germline testing was not performed. Even though NF1 can be associated with tumors such as gliomas, the literature has no previous case reports of ETMR coexisting with NF1.

CONCLUSION

Exploring the link between NF1 and ETMR with CMMRD is crucial to improving and establishing more treatment protocols. Therefore, reporting each case's unique features would be essential in developing appropriate treatment protocols.

Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes: A report of a rare case

The authors report a case of an embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) in an 18-month-old female infant who presented with gait imbalance and progressive left-sided weakness for 2 months. ETMR is a rare small round blue cell aggressive tumor of the CNS characterized by the amplification of the C19MC region on chromosome 19 (Chr19q13.42). This report in detail the clinical-radiologic and histopathologic workup and diagnosis. Because ETMRs are newly described rare pediatric CNS tumors with only a few reported cases, we aim to document this typical case to add to the existing data on these tumors.