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Lipke K, Kubis-Kubiak A, Piwowar A. The Influence of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors on Mitochondrial Activity, Lipid Content, and Fatty-Acid-Binding Protein Levels in Microglial HMC3 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1661. [PMID: 38139788 PMCID: PMC10747452 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of a wide range of preventive measures and comprehensive treatment options following infection, the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remains a persistent challenge. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) represent the most commonly utilized therapeutic approach, despite being on the pharmaceutical market for nearly four decades. During this time, a spectrum of side effects ranging from mild discomfort and hypersensitivity reactions to the more prevalent nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity has been documented. In light of these considerations, our study aimed to investigate the impacts of two NRTIs, lamivudine and zidovudine, on lipid metabolism in HMC3 microglial cells. Our findings revealed statistically significant reductions in the ATP levels (nearly 8%) and increased mitochondrial superoxide levels (around 10%) after 24 h of treatment with the maximum therapeutic concentration of zidovudine compared to the untreated microglial cells. Furthermore, the concentrations of fatty-acid-binding proteins 4 and 5 were significantly lower (approximately 40%) in the microglial cells that were exposed to NRTIs than in the untreated cells. Notably, the total lipid concentration within the microglial cells markedly increased following NRTI administration with a 13% rise after treatment with 10 µM lamivudine and a remarkable 70% surge following the administration of 6 µM zidovudine. These results suggest that the prolonged administration of NRTIs may potentially lead to lipid accumulation, posing a significant risk to the delicate homeostasis of the neuronal system and potentially triggering a pro-inflammatory response in microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Kubis-Kubiak
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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Wender PA, Luu-Nguyen QH, Sloane JL, Ranjan A. Trimethylene Methane Dianion Equivalent for the Asymmetric Consecutive Allylation of Aldehydes: Applications to Prins-Driven Macrocyclizations for the Synthesis of Bryostatin 1 and Analogues. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15925-15937. [PMID: 36378802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a one-step (one-flask) generation and reaction of a bifunctional allylating reagent, a trimethylene methane dianion equivalent, that provides a route for the asymmetric 2-(trimethylsilylmethyl) allylation of aldehydes. The product of the first aldehyde allylation process is then set to engage in a second separate aldehyde allylation, providing an improved Prins macrocyclization strategy both for the scalable synthesis of bryostatin 1 and for the total synthesis of a new potent bryostatin analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Quang H Luu-Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jack L Sloane
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Patil SM, Asgaonkar KD, Bakhle B, Abhang K, Khater A, Singh M, Chitre TS. In search of HIV entry inhibitors using molecular docking, ADME and toxicity studies of some Thiazolidinone-Pyrazine derivatives against CXCR4 co-receptor. Curr HIV Res 2022; 20:152-162. [PMID: 35156573 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x20666220214123331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entry inhibitors prevent binding of human immunodeficiency virus protein to the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and are used along with conventional anti-HIV therapy. They aid in restoring immunity and can prevent the development of HIV-TB co-infection. AIM In the present study various thiazolidinone-pyrazine derivatives earlier studied for NNRT inhibition activity were gauged for their entry inhibitor potential. OBJECTIVE Objective of the study is to perform molecular docking, ADME, toxicity studies of some Thiazolidinone-Pyrazine Derivatives as entry inhibitors targeting CXCR4 co-receptors. METHODS In-silico docking studies were performed using AutoDock Vina software and compounds were further studied for ADME and toxicity using SwissADME and pkCSM software respectively. RESULTS Taking into consideration the docking results, pharmacokinetic behaviour and toxicity profile four molecules (compound 1, 9, 11 and 16) have shown potential as entry inhibitors. CONCLUSION These compounds have shown potential as both NNRTI and entry inhibitors and hence can be used in management of immune compromised diseases like TB-HIV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital M Patil
- AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Pune-01, India
| | | | | | | | - Ayush Khater
- AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Pune-01, India
| | - Muskan Singh
- AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Pune-01, India
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Yi M, Lin S, Zhang B, Jin H, Ding L. Antiviral potential of natural products from marine microbes. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112790. [PMID: 32937282 PMCID: PMC7457942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Humans have been suffered from viral infections over the centuries, such as influenza, HSV, and HIV, which have killed millions of people worldwide. However, the availability of effective treatments for infectious diseases remains limited until now, as most of the viral pathogens resisted to many medical treatments. Marine microbes are currently one of the most copious sources of pharmacologically active natural products, which have constantly provided promising antivirus agents. To date, a large number of marine microbial secondary metabolites with antiviral activities have been widely reported. In this review, we have summarized the potential antivirus compounds from marine microorganisms over the last decade. In addition, the structures, bioactivities, and origins of these compounds were discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Yi
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Sixiao Lin
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Haixiao Jin
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Lijian Ding
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
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Vigón L, Rodríguez-Mora S, Luna A, Sandonís V, Mateos E, Bautista G, Steegmann JL, Climent N, Plana M, Pérez-Romero P, de Ory F, Alcamí J, García-Gutierrez V, Planelles V, López-Huertas MR, Coiras M. Cytotoxic cell populations developed during treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors protect autologous CD4+ T cells from HIV-1 infection. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114203. [PMID: 32828803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are successfully used in clinic to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Our group previously described that CD4+ T cells from patients with CML on treatment with TKIs such as dasatinib were resistant to HIV-1 infection ex vivo. The main mechanism for this antiviral activity was primarily based on the inhibition of SAMHD1 phosphorylation, which preserves the activity against HIV-1 of this innate immune factor. Approximately 50% CML patients who achieved a deep molecular response (DMR) may safely withdraw TKI treatment without molecular recurrence. Therefore, it has been speculated that TKIs may induce a potent antileukemic response that is maintained in most patients even one year after treatment interruption (TI). Subsequent to in vitro T-cell activation, we observed that SAMHD1 was phosphorylated in CD4+ T cells from CML patients who withdrew TKI treatment more than one year earlier, which indicated that these cells were now susceptible to HIV-1 infection. Importantly, these patients were seronegative for HIV-1 and seropositive for cytomegalovirus (CMV), but without CMV viremia. Although activated CD4+ T cells from CML patients on TI were apparently permissive to HIV-1 infection ex vivo, the frequency of proviral integration was reduced more than 12-fold on average when these cells were infected ex vivo in comparison with cells isolated from untreated, healthy donors. This reduced susceptibility to infection could be related to an enhanced NK-dependent cytotoxic activity, which was increased 8-fold on average when CD4+ T cells were infected ex vivo with HIV-1 in the presence of autologous NK cells. Enhanced cytotoxic activity was also observed in CD8 + T cells from these patients, which showed 8-fold increased expression of TCRγδ and more than 18-fold increased production of IFNγ upon activation with CMV peptides. In conclusion, treatment with TKIs induced a potent antileukemic response that may also have antiviral effects against HIV-1 and CMV, suggesting that transient use of TKIs in HIV-infected patients could develop a sustained antiviral response that would potentially interfere with HIV-1 reservoir dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Vigón
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mora
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Luna
- Clinical Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, YRICIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Sandonís
- Viral Isolation and Detection, CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CNM, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Mateos
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guiomar Bautista
- Clinical Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Steegmann
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Climent
- Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Plana
- Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez-Romero
- Viral Isolation and Detection, CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CNM, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando de Ory
- Serology Service, CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CNM, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alcamí
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Planelles
- Microbiology and Immunology Lab, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - María Rosa López-Huertas
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mayte Coiras
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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