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Cloning, Expression and Characterization of an Alginate Lyase in Bacillus subtilis WB600. FERMENTATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to further broaden the heterologous expression of alginate lyase from Vibrio alginolyticus in a Bacillus subtilis expression vector. A B. subtilis WB600/pP43NMK-alg62 strain was constructed. (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and Ni-affinity chromatography were performed to purify the enzyme. We then characterized the enzyme. Its molecular weight was 57.64 kDa, and it worked optimally at 30 °C with a pH of 8.0. Ca2+ markedly enhanced the enzymatic activity of Alg62 while Cu2+ and Ni2+ inhibited its activity. Alg62 had a wide range of substrate specificity, showing high activity toward sodium alginate and polyG. Following optimization of the fermentation process, the optimal conditions for the recombinant expression of Alg62 were as follows: temperature of 37 °C, pH of 7.0, medium consisting of glycerol 15 g/L, yeast powder 25 g/L and K+ 1.5 mmol/L. At these optimal conditions, enzyme activity reached 318.21 U/mL, which was 1.54 times higher than the initial enzyme activity.
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Schirmeister CG, Mülhaupt R. Closing the Carbon Loop in the Circular Plastics Economy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200247. [PMID: 35635841 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Today, plastics are ubiquitous in everyday life, problem solvers of modern technologies, and crucial for sustainable development. Yet the surge in global demand for plastics of the growing world population has triggered a tidal wave of plastic debris in the environment. Moving from a linear to a zero-waste and carbon-neutral circular plastic economy is vital for the future of the planet. Taming the plastic waste flood requires closing the carbon loop through plastic reuse, mechanical and molecular recycling, carbon capture, and use of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. In the quest for eco-friendly products, plastics do not need to be reinvented but tuned for reuse and recycling. Their full potential must be exploited regarding energy, resource, and eco efficiency, waste prevention, circular economy, climate change mitigation, and lowering environmental pollution. Biodegradation holds promise for composting and bio-feedstock recovery, but it is neither the Holy Grail of circular plastics economy nor a panacea for plastic littering. As an alternative to mechanical downcycling, molecular recycling enables both closed-loop recovery of virgin plastics and open-loop valorization, producing hydrogen, fuels, refinery feeds, lubricants, chemicals, and carbonaceous materials. Closing the carbon loop does not create a Perpetuum Mobile and requires renewable energy to achieve sustainability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Schirmeister
- Freiburg Materials Research Center and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Sustainability Center, University of Freiburg, Ecker-Str. 4, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
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Kaur J, Sarma AK, Jha MK, Gera P. Valorisation of crude glycerol to value-added products: Perspectives of process technology, economics and environmental issues. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 27:e00487. [PMID: 32642454 PMCID: PMC7334398 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The enormous production of glycerol, a waste stream from biodiesel industries, as a low-value product has been causing a threat to both the environment and the economy. Therefore, it needs to be transformed effectively and efficiently into valued products for contributing positively towards the biodiesel economy. It can either be converted directly into competent chemicals or can be used as a feedstock/precursor for deriving valuable derivatives. In this review article, a technical evaluation has been stirred up, various factors and technologies used for producing value-added products from crude glycerol, Environmental and economic aspects of different conversion routes, cost factors and challenges of integration of the different routes for biorefinery have been reviewed and elaborated. There are tremendous environmental benefits in the conversion of crude glycerol via the biochemical route, the product and residue become eco-friendly. However, chemical conversions are faster processes, and economically viable if environmental aspects are partially ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
- Chemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy (An Autonomous Institute of MNRE Government of India), Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sarma
- Chemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy (An Autonomous Institute of MNRE Government of India), Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Poonam Gera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
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Vivek N, Aswathi T, Sven PR, Pandey A, Binod P. Self-cycling fermentation for 1,3-propanediol production: Comparative evaluation of metabolite flux in cell recycling, simple batch and continuous processes using Lactobacillus brevis N1E9.3.3 strain. J Biotechnol 2017; 259:110-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Liu JZ, Xu W, Chistoserdov A, Bajpai RK. Glycerol Dehydratases: Biochemical Structures, Catalytic Mechanisms, and Industrial Applications in 1,3-Propanediol Production by Naturally Occurring and Genetically Engineered Bacterial Strains. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:1073-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Moscoviz R, Trably E, Bernet N. Consistent 1,3-propanediol production from glycerol in mixed culture fermentation over a wide range of pH. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:32. [PMID: 26855671 PMCID: PMC4744455 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycerol is currently an over-produced chemical that can be used as substrate for the production of high value products such as 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) in fermentation processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of initial pH on a batch mixed culture fermentation of glycerol, considering both the bacterial community composition and the fermentation patterns. RESULTS For pH values between 5 and 9, 1,3-PDO production yields ranged from 0.52 ± 0.01 to 0.64 ± 0.00 [Formula: see text], with the highest values obtained at pH 7 and 8. An Enterobacteriaceae member closely related to Citrobacter freundii was strongly enriched at all pH values. Within the less dominant bacterial species, two different microbial community structures were found, one at acid pH values and another at neutral to basic pH values. CONCLUSIONS 1,3-PDO production was improved at pH values over 7. It was anti-correlated with lactate and ethanol production but positively correlated with acetate production. No direct correlation between 1,3-PDO production and a specific family of bacteria was found, suggesting functional redundancies in the microbial community. However, 1,3-PDO production yield remained high over the range of pH studied and was comparable to the best obtained in the same conditions in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Moscoviz
- INRA, UR0050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de L’Environnement (LBE), Avenue des étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Eric Trably
- INRA, UR0050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de L’Environnement (LBE), Avenue des étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Nicolas Bernet
- INRA, UR0050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de L’Environnement (LBE), Avenue des étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
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Kaur G, Srivastava AK, Chand S. Debottlenecking product inhibition in 1,3-propanediol fermentation by In-Situ Product Recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 197:451-457. [PMID: 26356117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes the application of liquid-liquid extraction as an In-Situ product recovery (ISPR) technique to overcome the problem of product inhibition in 1,3-PD fermentation. As a part of initial screening experiments, six solvents were subjected to phase separation and biocompatibility tests to find the best extractant for in-situ removal of 1,3-PD from the bioreactor. These included tributylphosphate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, oleyl alcohol, oleic acid and hexanol. Of these, ethyl acetate was found to be the most suitable solvent for 1,3-PD extraction. Use of the selected extractant in continuous integrated fermentation-extraction was established by batch and fed-batch extractive fermentations which demonstrated a significantly improved 1,3-PD production of 35g/L and 74.5g/L, respectively. A steady state 1,3-PD concentration of 58g/L was obtained in continuous extractive system. Continuous cultivation with in-situ cell retention and in-situ 1,3-PD removal demonstrated a 5-fold enhancement in 1,3-PD productivity over non-extractive batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guneet Kaur
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - A K Srivastava
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Subhash Chand
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Xafenias N, Anunobi MO, Mapelli V. Electrochemical startup increases 1,3-propanediol titers in mixed-culture glycerol fermentations. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Szymanowska-Powałowska D, Kubiak P. Effect of 1,3-propanediol, organic acids, and ethanol on growth and metabolism of Clostridium butyricum DSP1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:3179-89. [PMID: 25524700 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of tolerance of bacteria to toxic stress is important, especially for processes targeted at high final titers of product. Information on environmental limits and stress responses may help during selection of strains or design and control of processes. The influence of the main product and its co-products on the process of 1,3-propanediol (PD) synthesis was determined. Adaptation to toxic compounds was noticed as Clostridium butyricum DSP1 was less sensitive to the addition of these factors during its exponential growth on glycerol than when the factor was present in the medium before inoculation. It was also shown that the response of the tested strain to the toxicity of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) has different proteomic profiles depending on the stage of culture when this substance is introduced. Relatively satisfactory activity of the analyzed strain was sustained up to a concentration of 1,3-PD of 40 g/L while 80 g/L of this metabolite was lethal to the bacterium. As for the by-products, acetic acid was determined to be the most toxic among the acids excreted during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Szymanowska-Powałowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-527, Poznan, Poland,
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Szymanowska-Powałowska D. 1,3-Propanediol production from crude glycerol by Clostridium butyricum DSP1 in repeated batch. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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