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The trehalose glycolipid C18Brar promotes antibody and T-cell immune responses to Mannheimia haemolytica and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae whole cell antigens in sheep. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278853. [PMID: 36656850 PMCID: PMC9851559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopneumonia is a common respiratory disease in livestock. Mannheimia haemolytica is considered the main causative pathogen leading to lung damage in sheep, with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and ParaInfluenza virus type 3, combined with adverse physical and physiological stress, being predisposing factors. A balance of humoral and cellular immunity is thought to be important for protection against developing respiratory disease. In the current study, we compared the ability of the trehalose glycolipid adjuvant C18Brar (C18-alkylated brartemicin analogue) and three commercially available adjuvant systems i.e., Quil-A, Emulsigen-D, and a combination of Quil-A and aluminium hydroxide gel, to stimulate antibody and cellular immune responses to antigens from inactivated whole cells of M. haemolytica and M. ovipneumoniae in sheep. C18Brar and Emulsigen-D induced the strongest antigen-specific antibody responses to both M. haemolytica and M. ovipneumoniae, while C18Brar and Quil-A promoted the strongest antigen-specific IL-17A responses. The expression of genes with known immune functions was determined in antigen-stimulated blood cultures using Nanostring nCounter technology. The expression levels of CD40, IL22, TGFB1, and IL2RA were upregulated in antigen-stimulated blood cultures from animals vaccinated with C18Brar, which is consistent with T-cell activation. Collectively, the results demonstrate that C18Brar can promote both antibody and cellular responses, notably Th17 immune responses in a ruminant species.
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Mansour GH, Razzak LA, Suvik A, Wahid MEA. Stimulating immunoglobulin response by intramuscular delivery of exopolysaccharides-adjuvanted mannheimiosis vaccine in goats. Vet World 2022; 15:2945-2952. [PMID: 36718330 PMCID: PMC9880838 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2945-2952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Pneumonic mannheimiosis (PM) is a common respiratory bacterial disease among small ruminants. Despite numerous management methods, vaccination remains a suitable strategy to combat or reduce PM in goats and sheep. Thus, a study was conducted in Malaysia to evaluate the immunogenicity of exopolysaccharide-adjuvanted Mannheimia haemolytica A2 vaccine (EPS-MHA2) under laboratory and field conditions for its potential use as an efficient vaccine against PM. Materials and Methods This study induced immunoglobulin (Ig) responses following intramuscular (IM) delivery of the EPS-MHA2 vaccine on 12 goats for about 7 months. Goats were divided into three groups, with three goats per group, and they were vaccinated intramuscularly as follows: Group 1 was vaccinated with an adjuvanted vaccine prepared from formalin-killed M. haemolytica serotypes A2 and EPS excipient; Group 2 was vaccinated with formalin-killed M. haemolytica seed only, whereas Group 3 was injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as the negative control. Measures of specific immunity included serum IgM, IgG, and IgA as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid secretory IgA and the size and number of the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). Results From the 1st day of vaccination, Groups 1 and 2 showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum IgM, IgG, and IgA levels. However, the antibodies started to decline 5-week post-vaccination, indicating that the booster dose was necessary. On the second exposure to the same vaccine (booster), the level of antibodies showed a significant increase (p < 0.05), particularly IgG. All groups were challenged intratracheally by virulent MHA2 2 weeks after the decline of second antibodies on the administration of booster. All goats were euthanatized and necropsied 4-week post-challenge. The number and size of the BALT in Group 1 goats significantly increased compared with those in Group 2 and the unvaccinated control. Bacteriological parameters were evaluated, in which MHA2 was reisolated successfully from lung samples in Group 3. The IgA level produced by the group vaccinated with EPS-MHA2 was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that the MHA2 vaccine and PBS groups. All data obtained were analyzed statistically using a one-way analysis of variance. The results indicate that IM injection of EPS-MHA2 vaccine significantly enhanced the immune response against MHA2. Conclusion Therefore, the addition of EPS to MHA2 (EPS-MHA2 vaccine) can effectively protect goats from lethal mannheimiosis infection. Factors such as the ideal concentration of EPS should be further studied to verify its application potential as a vaccine adjuvant, and the extraction of EPS from different microalgae species should be further investigated. This study showed a novel and exciting set of data and a vaccination system, in which the suppressive effects of mannheimiosis may be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith Hussein Mansour
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Laith Abdul Razzak
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - A. Suvik
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Effendy Abd. Wahid
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Terengganu, Malaysia,Faculty of Fisheries and Food Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Terengganu, Malaysia,Corresponding author: Mohd Effendy Abd. Wahid, e-mail: Co-authors: GHM: , LAR: , AS:
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Cowick CA, Russ BP, Bales AR, Nanduri B, Meyer F. Mannheimia haemolytica Negatively Affects Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1.1 Replication Capacity In Vitro. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112158. [PMID: 36363750 PMCID: PMC9697469 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is a multifactorial condition affecting cattle worldwide resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality. The disease can be triggered by Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) infection, stress, and the subsequent proliferation and lung colonization by commensal bacteria such as Mannheimia haemolytica, ultimately inducing severe pneumonic inflammation. Due to its polymicrobial nature, the study of BRD microbes requires co-infection models. While several past studies have mostly focused on the effects of co-infection on host gene expression, we focused on the relationship between BRD pathogens during co-infection, specifically on M. haemolytica’s effect on BoHV-1 replication. This study shows that M. haemolytica negatively impacts BoHV-1 replication in a dose-dependent manner in different in vitro models. The negative effect was observed at very low bacterial doses while increasing the viral dose counteracted this effect. Viral suppression was also dependent on the time at which each microbe was introduced to the cell culture. While acidification of the culture medium did not grossly affect cell viability, it significantly inhibited viral replication. We conclude that M. haemolytica and BoHV-1 interaction is dose and time-sensitive, wherein M. haemolytica proliferation induces significant viral suppression when the viral replication program is not fully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn A. Cowick
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 408 Dorman Hall, 32 Creelman St., Box 9655, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Brynnan P. Russ
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 408 Dorman Hall, 32 Creelman St., Box 9655, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Anna R. Bales
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 408 Dorman Hall, 32 Creelman St., Box 9655, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Florencia Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 408 Dorman Hall, 32 Creelman St., Box 9655, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(662)-325-2640; Fax: +1-(662)-325-8955
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Azhar NA, Paul BT, Jesse FFA, Chung ELT, Kamarulrizal MI, Mohd Lila MA. Seminal and histopathological alterations in bucks challenged with Mannheimia haemolytica serotype a2 and its LPS endotoxin. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:265. [PMID: 35962250 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonic mannheimiosis is a widespread respiratory bacterial disease of small ruminants caused by Mannheimia haemolytica serotype A2. The disease is known to affect the respiratory organs of infected animals, but its effect on other vital and reproductive organs has not been fully explored. Previous studies have demonstrated increased serum pro-inflammatory cytokine concentration post-challenge with M. haemolytica A2 and its LPS, indicating systemic inflammation in the host. This study determined the potential tissue changes and alterations of sperm parameters due to infection of M. haemolytica A2 and its LPS endotoxin. In this study, twelve experimental bucks were randomly assigned to three groups of four bucks each: group 1 (control group) were intranasally inoculated with 2 mL of PBS pH 7.0, group 2 received 2 mL of 1.2 × 109 CFU/mL M. haemolytica A2 intranasally, and group 3 received 2 mL of LPS extracted from 1.2 × 109 CFU/mL of M. haemolytica A2 intravenously. Semen samples were collected at pre-determined intervals using an electro-ejaculator and analysed immediately after collection. All experimental bucks were slaughtered via exsanguination on day 60 to collect their vital and reproductive organs at necropsy, and the samples were processed and analysed for histopathological changes. The current study has revealed that bucks challenged with M. haemolytica A2 and its LPS exhibited alterations in semen parameters such as motility, wave pattern, viability, and morphological abnormalities. Mild to moderate histopathological changes of the lung, liver, testis, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, and lymph nodes were also observed in both challenged groups. Therefore, this study revealed the potential harmful effects of respiratory mannheimiosis on the reproductive organs of the infected bucks and sheds light on the expanse of systemic effects of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amira Azhar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bura Thlama Paul
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, 600230, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Eric Lim Teik Chung
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mat Isa Kamarulrizal
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Pasteurellosis Vaccine Commercialization: Physiochemical Factors for Optimum Production. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella spp. are Gram-negative facultative bacteria that cause severe economic and animal losses. Pasteurella-based vaccines are the most promising solution for controlling Pasteurella spp. outbreaks. Remarkably, insufficient biomass cultivation (low cell viability and productivity) and lack of knowledge about the cultivation process have impacted the bulk production of animal vaccines. Bioprocess optimization in the shake flask and bioreactor is required to improve process efficiency while lowering production costs. However, its state of the art is limited in providing insights on its biomass upscaling, preventing a cost-effective vaccine with mass-produced bacteria from being developed. In general, in the optimum cultivation of Pasteurella spp., production factors such as pH (6.0–8.2), agitation speed (90–500 rpm), and temperature (35–40 °C) are used to improve production yield. Hence, this review discusses the production strategy of Pasteurella and Mannheimia species that can potentially be used in the vaccines for controlling pasteurellosis. The physicochemical factors related to operational parameter process conditions from a bioprocess engineering perspective that maximize yields with minimized production cost are also covered, with the expectation of facilitating the commercialization process.
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Bkiri D, Semmate N, Boumart Z, Safini N, Fakri FZ, Bamouh Z, Tadlaoui KO, Fellahi S, Tligui N, Fihri OF, El Harrak M. Biological and molecular characterization of a sheep pathogen isolate of Mannheimia haemolytica and leukotoxin production kinetics. Vet World 2021; 14:2031-2040. [PMID: 34566318 PMCID: PMC8448628 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2031-2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Mannheimia haemolytica (Mha) is a common agent of pneumonia in ruminants globally, causing economic losses by morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs. Infection by Mha is often associated with or promoted by respiratory viral pathogens and environmental conditions. Infections due to Mha have rarely been described in small ruminants. This study reports the biological and molecular characteristics of a new Moroccan Mha isolate from small ruminants presenting typical respiratory symptoms. We also studied the cultural parameters, growth kinetics, and Lkt excretion of the isolate and its pathogenicity on laboratory animals and small ruminants. Materials and Methods Suspected pasteurellosis cases in sheep and goat flocks in Morocco were investigated. A local strain of Mha was isolated and identified using biochemical and molecular methods. Polymerase chain reaction-targeting specific genes were used for serotyping and phylogenetic analyses; further, leukotoxin production, cytotoxicity, and pathogenicity of the isolate in mice, goats, and sheep were investigated. Results Phylogeny analysis revealed 98.76% sequence identity with the USA isolate of 2013; the strain growth with a cycle of 9-10 h with leukotoxin secretion was detected by NETosis and quantified by cytotoxicity and mortality of mice. Goat and sheep infections cause hyperthermia, with characteristic postmortem lesions in the trachea and lung. Conclusion A local isolate of Mha from sheep that died of pneumonia was characterized for the 1st time in North Africa using biological and molecular methods. Although growth on appropriate culture media is accompanied by intense leukotoxin secretion, experimental infections of sheep and goats cause hyperthermia and typical lesions of pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dounia Bkiri
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Noha Semmate
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Zineb Boumart
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Najete Safini
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zohra Fakri
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Zahra Bamouh
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Khalid Omari Tadlaoui
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Siham Fellahi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Noursaid Tligui
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ouafaa Fassi Fihri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mehdi El Harrak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
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Influence of amino acids and vitamins on the growth of gdhA derivative Pasteurella multocida B:2 for use as an animal vaccine. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 42:355-365. [PMID: 30483888 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 is the causative agent of haemorrhagic septicaemia, a fatal disease in cattle and buffaloes. For use as a vaccine in the treatment of HS disease, an efficient cultivation of attenuated gdhA derivative P. multocida B:2 (mutant) for mass production of viable cells is required. In this study, the role of amino acids and vitamins on the growth of this particular bacterium was investigated. Initially, three basal media (Brain-heart infusion, Terrific broth, and defined medium YDB) were assessed in terms of growth performance of P. multocida B:2. YDB medium was selected and redesigned to take into account the effects of amino acids (glutamic acid, cysteine, glycine, methionine, lysine, tyrosine, and histidine) and vitamins (vitamin B1, nicotinic acid, riboflavin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, and biotin). High viable cell number was largely affected by the availability of micronutrient components and macronutrients. Histidine was essential for the growth whereby a traceable amount (20 mM) was found to greatly enhance the growth of gdhA derivative P. multocida B:2 mutant (6.6 × 109 cfu/mL) by about 19 times as compared to control culture (3.5 × 108 cfu/mL). In addition, amongst the vitamins added, riboflavin exhibited the highest impact on the viability of gdhA derivative P. multocida B:2 mutant (5.3 × 109 cfu/mL). Though the combined histidine and riboflavin in the culture eventually did not promote the stacking impact on cell growth and cell viability, nonetheless, they were still essential and important in either growth medium or production medium.
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