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Ramírez-Guzmán N, Torres-León C, Aguillón-Gutiérrez D, Aguirre-Joya JA. Insects, Plants, and Microorganisms from Dry Lands as Novel Sources of Proteins and Peptides for Human Consumption. Foods 2023; 12:4284. [PMID: 38231705 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein malnutrition is present in developing countries but also in developed ones due to actual eating habits involving insufficient protein intake. In addition to this, it is estimated by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations that the world's population will increase to 9.1 billion people in less than 30 years. This poses a significant challenge in terms of nourishing the population. Different strategies have been proposed to address this challenge, including exploring novel protein sources such as plants. For instance, Prosopis alba pods have an 85.5% protein content. Other examples are microorganisms, such as Halobacillus adaensis which produces 571 U/mL of protease, and insects such as those belonging to the Orthoptera order, like grasshoppers, which have a protein content of 65.96%. These sources have been found in dry lands and are being explored to address this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathiely Ramírez-Guzmán
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies and Research (CEII-UAdeC), Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico
| | - Cristian Torres-León
- Reaserch Center and Ethnobiological Garden (CIJE), Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Viesca 27480, Mexico
| | - David Aguillón-Gutiérrez
- Reaserch Center and Ethnobiological Garden (CIJE), Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Viesca 27480, Mexico
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Nwankwo C, Hou J, Cui HL. Extracellular proteases from halophiles: diversity and application challenges. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5923-5934. [PMID: 37566160 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12721-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Halophilic extracellular proteases offer promising application in various fields. Information on these prominent proteins including the synthesizing organisms, biochemical properties, domain organisation, purification, and application challenges has never been covered in recent reviews. Although extracellular proteases from bacteria pioneered the study of proteases in halophiles, progress is being made in proteases from halophilic archaea. Recent advances in extracellular proteases from archaea revealed that archaeal proteases are more robust and applicable. Extracellular proteases are composed of domains that determine their mechanisms of action. The intriguing domain structure of halophilic extracellular proteases consists of N-terminal domain, catalytic domain, and C-terminal extension. The role of C-terminal domains varies among different organisms. A high diversity of C-terminal domains would endow the proteases with diverse functions. With the development of genomics, culture-independent methods involving heterologous expression, affinity chromatography, and in vitro refolding are deployed with few challenges on purification and presenting novel research opportunities. Halophilic extracellular proteases have demonstrated remarkable potentials in industries such as detergent, leather, peptide synthesis, and biodegradation, with desirable properties and ability to withstand harsh industrial processes. KEY POINTS: • Halophilic extracellular proteases have robust properties suitable for applications. • A high diversity of C-terminal domains may endow proteases with diverse properties. • Novel protease extraction methods present novel application opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidiebele Nwankwo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Natural Sciences Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410002, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410002, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Jing Hou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heng-Lin Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Leng W, Wu X, Qi X, Liu H, Yuan L, Gao R. Systematic functional analysis and potential application of a serine protease from cold-adapted Planococcus bacterium. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Fahmy NM, El-Deeb B. Optimization, partial purification, and characterization of a novel high molecular weight alkaline protease produced by Halobacillus sp. HAL1 using fish wastes as a substrate. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:48. [PMID: 37121925 PMCID: PMC10149429 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrolytic enzymes from halophilic microorganisms have a wide range of industrial applications. Herein, we report the isolation of Halobacillus sp. HAL1, a moderately halophilic bacterium that produces a novel high molecular weight extracellular alkaline protease when grown in fish processing wastes as a substrate. RESULTS Results showed that the isolated strain belonged to the genus Halobacillus, and it was designated as Halobacillus sp. HAL1 with the GenBank accession number OK001470. The strain secreted an extracellular alkaline protease, and the highest yield was obtained when it was grown in a medium with fish wastes substrate as the sole nutritional source (10 g/L) and incubated at 25 °C under shaking conditions. The enzyme was partially purified by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Zymographic analysis showed two casein degrading bands of about 190 and 250 KDa. The optimum enzyme activity was at a temperature of 50 °C at pH 8. The proteolytic activity was enhanced in the presence of metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+), surfactants (Tween 80, SDS, and Triton-X100), H2O2, and EDTA. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that Haobacillus sp. HAL1 is a moderately halophilic strain and secrets a novel high molecular wight alkaline protease that is suitable for detergent formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayer M Fahmy
- Marine Microbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Bahig El-Deeb
- Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Gomez-Hinostroza ES, Gurdo N, Alvan Vargas MVG, Nikel PI, Guazzaroni ME, Guaman LP, Castillo Cornejo DJ, Platero R, Barba-Ostria C. Current landscape and future directions of synthetic biology in South America. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1069628. [PMID: 36845183 PMCID: PMC9950111 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1069628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology (SynBio) is a rapidly advancing multidisciplinary field in which South American countries such as Chile, Argentina, and Brazil have made notable contributions and have established leadership positions in the region. In recent years, efforts have strengthened SynBio in the rest of the countries, and although progress is significant, growth has not matched that of the aforementioned countries. Initiatives such as iGEM and TECNOx have introduced students and researchers from various countries to the foundations of SynBio. Several factors have hindered progress in the field, including scarce funding from both public and private sources for synthetic biology projects, an underdeveloped biotech industry, and a lack of policies to promote bio-innovation. However, open science initiatives such as the DIY movement and OSHW have helped to alleviate some of these challenges. Similarly, the abundance of natural resources and biodiversity make South America an attractive location to invest in and develop SynBio projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Sebastian Gomez-Hinostroza
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Citogenética y Biomoléculas de Anfibios (LICBA), Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Nicolás Gurdo
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Pablo I. Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Linda P. Guaman
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Raúl Platero
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental, Departamento de Bioquímica y Genómica Microbianas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Barba-Ostria
- Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud Quito, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador,Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador,*Correspondence: Carlos Barba-Ostria,
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Brandelli A, Daroit DJ. Unconventional microbial proteases as promising tools for the production of bioactive protein hydrolysates. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4714-4745. [PMID: 36377687 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2145262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis is the most prominent strategy to release bioactive peptides from different food proteins and protein-rich by-products. Unconventional microbial proteases (UMPs) have gaining increased attention for such purposes, particularly from the 2010s. In this review, we present and discuss aspects related to UMPs production, and their use to obtain bioactive protein hydrolysates. Antioxidant and anti-hypertensive potentials, commonly evaluated through in vitro testing, are mainly reported. The in vivo bioactivities of protein hydrolysates and peptides produced through UMPs action are highlighted. In addition to bioactivities, enzymatic hydrolysis acts by modulating the functional properties of proteins for potential food uses. The compiled literature indicates that UMPs are promising biocatalysts to generate bioactive protein hydrolysates, adding up to commercially available enzymes. From the recent interest on this topic, continuous and in-depth research is needed to advance toward the applicability and commercial utility of both UMPs and obtained hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Brandelli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel Joner Daroit
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Tecnologias Sustentáveis (PPGATS), Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Cerro Largo, Brazil
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Rios P, Bezus B, Cavalitto S, Cavello I. Production and characterization of a new detergent-stable keratinase expressed by Pedobacter sp. 3.14.7, a novel Antarctic psychrotolerant keratin-degrading bacterium. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:81. [PMID: 35612674 PMCID: PMC9133294 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antarctica is one of the harshest environments in the world. Despite this fact, it has been colonized by microorganisms, which had to develop different adaptations in order to survive. By studying their enzymes, we can harness these adaptations in order to use them in various industrial processes. Keratinases (E.C. 3.4.99.11) are characterized by their robustness in withstanding extreme conditions and, along with other enzymes, are commonly added to laundry detergents, which makes their study of industrial interest. RESULTS In this work, a novel keratinase producer, Pedobacter sp. 3.14.7 (MF 347939.1), isolated from Antarctic birds' nests, was identified. This psychrotolerant isolate displays a typical psychrotolerant growth pattern, with an optimal temperature of 20 °C (μmax=0.23 h-1). After 238 h, maximum proteolytic (22.00 ± 1.17 U ml-1) and keratinolytic (33.04 ± 1.09 U ml-1) activities were achieved with a feather sample conversion of approximately 85%. The keratinase present in crude extract was characterized as a metalloprotease with a molecular weight of 25 kDa, stable in a wide range of pH, with an optimum pH of 7.5. Optimum temperature was 55 °C. Wash performance at 20 °C using this crude extract could remove completely blood stain from cotton cloth. CONCLUSION We report a new keratinolytic bacteria from maritime Antarctica. Among its biochemical characteristics, its stability in the presence of different detergents and bleaching agents and its wash performance showed promising results regarding its potential use as a laundry detergent additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rios
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (CINDEFI, CCT La Plata-CONICET, UNLP), Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Calle 47 y 115, (B1900ASH), 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - B Bezus
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (CINDEFI, CCT La Plata-CONICET, UNLP), Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Calle 47 y 115, (B1900ASH), 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - S Cavalitto
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (CINDEFI, CCT La Plata-CONICET, UNLP), Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Calle 47 y 115, (B1900ASH), 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I Cavello
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (CINDEFI, CCT La Plata-CONICET, UNLP), Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Calle 47 y 115, (B1900ASH), 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
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Conventional and in silico approaches to select promising food-derived bioactive peptides: A review. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100183. [PMID: 35499000 PMCID: PMC9039911 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed and edible insects are considered new sources of bioactive peptides. Conventional approaches are necessary to validate the bioactivity of peptides. Bioinformatics tools accelerate the obtaining of bioactive peptides. The integrated approach is a promising strategy to obtain bioactive peptides.
The interest for food-derived bioactive peptides, either from common or unconventional sources, has increased due to their potential therapeutic effect against a wide range of diseases. The study of such bioactive peptides using conventional methods is a long journey, expensive and time-consuming. Hence, bioinformatic approaches, which can not only help to predict the formation of bioactive peptides from any known protein source, but also to analyze the protein structure/function relationship, have gained a new meaning in this scientific field. Therefore, this review aims to provides an overview of conventional characterization methods and the most recent advances in the field of in silico approaches for predicting and screening promising food-derived bioactive peptides.
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Microbial Peptidase in Food Processing: Current State of the Art and Future Trends. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-03965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Bioprospecting potentials of moderately halophilic bacteria and the isolation of squalene producers from Kuwait sabkha. Int Microbiol 2021; 24:373-384. [PMID: 33755814 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sabkhas in Kuwait are unique hypersaline marine environments under-explored for bacterial community composition and bioprospecting. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis of 46 isolates with distinct morphology from two Kuwait sabkhas recovered 11 genera. Phylum Firmicutes dominated these isolates, and Bacillus (32.6%) was recovered as the dominant genera, followed by Halococcus (17.4%). These isolates were moderately halophilic, and some of them showed tolerance and growth at extreme levels of salt (20%), pH (5 and/or 11), and temperature (55 °C). A higher percentage of isolates harbored protease (63.0), followed by DNase (41.3), amylase (41.3), and lipase (32.6). Selected isolates showed antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis and isolated Halomonas shengliensis, and Idiomarina piscisalsi harbored gene coding for dNDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase (Glu 1), indicating their potential to produce biomolecules with deoxysugar moieties. Palmitic acid or oleic acid was the dominant fatty acid, and seven isolates had some polyunsaturated fatty acids (linolenic or γ-linolenic acid). Interestingly, six isolates belonging to Planococcus and Oceanobacillus genus produced squalene, a bioactive isoprenoid molecule. Their content increased 30-50% in the presence of Terbinafine. The potential bioactivities and extreme growth conditions make this untapped bacterial diversity a promising candidate for future bioprospecting studies.
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Production of detergent stable thermophilic alkaline protease by Bacillus licheniformis ALW1. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Neves Junior A, da Silva Cardoso V, Mansoldo FRP, Cedrola SML, Reis Mansur MCPP, Godoy MG, Vermelho AB. A microplate assay for extracellular hydrolase detection. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 175:105948. [PMID: 32446912 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a new qualitative method to detect enzyme activity replacing the conventional Agar-Petri dishes. This new method is a simple rapid and low-cost technique that uses 24-well microplates. The detection of hydrolases producing microorganisms in bioprospecting studies by qualitative methods is time consuming, costly and requires a large quantity of strains or enzymatic extracts. Tests with different substrate concentrations (0 to 20 g/L) in agar solution for the enzymatic hydrolysis analysis were performed to determine the best substrate concentrations in 24-well microplates. Other quantitative and analytical methods, such as enzymatic assays and thin layer chromatography, were performed to validate this new method and to compare the relationship between enzymatic activity and substrate degradation. Statistically relevant results were observed for amylase, endoglucanase and polygalacturonase enzymes, even when there was a low substrate concentration in agar, where the halo diameter was high. The results also indicated that the concentrations for efficient enzyme index measurements were 4 g/L carboxymethylcellulose for endoglucanase detection and 8 g/L for amylase and polygalacturonase assays. The results were presented according to the traditional methods for detection of enzymatic activity. This new method can be used as a general test for the detection of important industrial hydrolases. It is a faster and less costly alternative for screening microbial enzyme producing microorganisms and is useful for studying the production of microbial enzymes under different growing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athayde Neves Junior
- Bioinovar Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Veronica da Silva Cardoso
- Bioinovar Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Raposo Passos Mansoldo
- Bioinovar Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina Martins Lage Cedrola
- Bioinovar Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina P P Reis Mansur
- Bioinovar Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mateus Gomes Godoy
- LABEM, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Alane Beatriz Vermelho
- Bioinovar Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Venegas-Ortega MG, Flores-Gallegos AC, Aguilar CN, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Martínez-Hernández JL, Nevárez-Moorillón GV. Multi-Functional Potential of Presumptive Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Chihuahua Cheese. Foods 2020; 9:E276. [PMID: 32138215 PMCID: PMC7142663 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional properties of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria can be of use for enhancing the sensorial properties of food, as well as in food preservation. An initial screening for antimicrobial, proteolytic, and lipolytic capacities was done in 214 presumptive lactic acid bacteria isolates obtained from Chihuahua cheese manufacturing and during a ripening period of nine months. The antimicrobial screening was done by spot-on-the-lawn tests, using Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli as indicator microorganisms; proteolysis was tested in casein-peptone agar and lipolysis in Mann-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS)-tributyrin agar. More than 90% of the isolates hydrolyzed the casein, but only 30% hydrolyzed tributyrin; the inhibition of L. monocytogenes in the spot-on-the-lawn assay was used to select 39 isolates that had a bigger inhibition zone (>11.15 mm ± 0.3) than the control (Nisin producer Lactococcus lactis BS-10 Chr Hansen). The selected isolates were grown in MRS to obtain the neutralized cell-free supernatants and verify their antimicrobial activity by agar diffusion and the percentage of growth inhibition techniques. The selected isolates were also growth in casein peptone broth, and the cell-free supernatants were used for the determination of antioxidant activity by the radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) techniques. The results were analyzed to identify similarities by cluster analysis, based on their antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities. The isolates were arranged into six clusters; one cluster that included 12 isolates demonstrated L. monocytogenes (784-2811 mm2/mL AU by agar diffusion assay) and E. coli (41%-47% growth inhibition) antimicrobial activity. The isolates clustered in these groups also showed competitive inhibition of both radicals (11%-19% of DPPH and 50%-60% of ABTS). The isolates from cluster one were also identified by 16S rDNA amplification and were identified as Enterococcus faecium. Traditional products such as Chihuahua cheese can be a source or lactic acid bacteria with metabolic properties that can be used in food preparation and preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Georgina Venegas-Ortega
- Research Group of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts. Department of Food Research, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Adriana Carolina Flores-Gallegos
- Research Group of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts. Department of Food Research, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal Noé Aguilar
- Research Group of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts. Department of Food Research, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera
- Research Group of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts. Department of Food Research, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - José Luis Martínez-Hernández
- Research Group of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts. Department of Food Research, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
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