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de Carvalho Silva AK, Lima FJL, Borges KRA, Wolff LAS, de Andrade MS, Alves RDNS, Cordeiro CB, da Silva MACN, Nascimento MDDSB, da Silva Espósito T, de Barros Bezerra GF. Utilization of Fusarium Solani lipase for enrichment of polyunsaturated Omega-3 fatty acids. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01411-0. [PMID: 38874742 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), offer numerous health benefits. Enriching these fatty acids in fish oil using cost-effective methods, like lipase application, has been studied extensively. This research aimed to investigate F. solani as a potential lipase producer and compare its efficacy in enhancing polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids with commercial lipases. Submerged fermentation with coconut oil yielded Lipase F2, showing remarkable activity (215.68 U/mL). Lipase F2 remained stable at pH 8.0 (activity: 93.84 U/mL) and active between 35 and 70 °C, with optimal stability at 35 °C. It exhibited resistance to various surfactants and ions, showing no cytotoxic activity in vitro, crucial for its application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Lipase F2 efficiently enriched EPA and DHA in fish oil, reaching 22.1 mol% DHA and 23.8 mol% EPA. These results underscore the economic viability and efficacy of Lipase F2, a partially purified enzyme obtained using low-cost techniques, demonstrating remarkable stability and resistance to diverse conditions. Its performance was comparable to highly pure commercially available enzymes in omega-3 production. These findings highlight the potential of F. solani as a promising lipase source, offering opportunities for economically producing omega-3 and advancing biotechnological applications in the food and supplements industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allysson Kayron de Carvalho Silva
- Doctoral Program in Biotechnology- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Jeniffer Lindoso Lima
- Doctoral Program in Biotechnology- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Katia Regina Assunção Borges
- Doctoral Program in Biotechnology- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Laís Araújo Souza Wolff
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Souza de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Rita de Nazaré Silva Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Carolina Borges Cordeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento
- Doctoral Program in Biotechnology- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Talita da Silva Espósito
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Laboratory of Biotechnology of Aquatic Organisms (BIOAQUA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Geusa Felipa de Barros Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Chen M, Jin T, Nian B, Cheng W. Solvent Tolerance Improvement of Lipases Enhanced Their Applications: State of the Art. Molecules 2024; 29:2444. [PMID: 38893320 PMCID: PMC11173743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipases, crucial catalysts in biochemical synthesis, find extensive applications across industries such as food, medicine, and cosmetics. The efficiency of lipase-catalyzed reactions is significantly influenced by the choice of solvents. Polar organic solvents often result in a decrease, or even loss, of lipase activity. Conversely, nonpolar organic solvents induce excessive rigidity in lipases, thereby affecting their activity. While the advent of new solvents like ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents has somewhat improved the activity and stability of lipases, it fails to address the fundamental issue of lipases' poor solvent tolerance. Hence, the rational design of lipases for enhanced solvent tolerance can significantly boost their industrial performance. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the structural characteristics and properties of lipases in various solvent systems and emphasizes various strategies of protein engineering for non-aqueous media to improve lipases' solvent tolerance. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further enhancing the solvent tolerance and industrial properties of lipases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wenjun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.C.); (T.J.); (B.N.)
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Gumbytė M, Makareviciene V, Sendzikiene E. Enzymatic Transesterification of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar) Oil with Isoamyl Alcohol. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1185. [PMID: 36770192 PMCID: PMC9919346 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this experimental study, biodiesel was synthesized from the salmon oil using the Lipozyme®RM IM (Bagsværd, Denmark) as a biocatalyst. Isoamyl alcohol was used as an acyl acceptor in the transesterification process. The aim of this study is to select the best process conditions, aiming to obtain the highest transesterification degree that meets the requirements of the EN 14214 standard. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for statistical analysis and optimization of process parameters. A four-factor experimental design was modelled by central compositional design (CCD) to investigate the effects of biocatalyst concentration, isoamyl alcohol-to-oil molar ratio, temperature, and duration on transesterification degree. It was determined that the optimal parameters for biodiesel synthesis were the following: an enzyme concentration of 11% (wt. of oil mass); a process temperature of 45 °C; a process duration of 4 h; and an alcohol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1. The transesterification degree of biodiesel reached 87.23%. The stepwise addition of isoamyl alcohol during the transesterification process further increased the degree of transesterification to 96.5%.
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Noro J, Cavaco-Paulo A, Silva C. Chemical modification of lipases: A powerful tool for activity improvement. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100523. [PMID: 35544709 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The demand for adequate and ecologically acceptable procedures to produce the most differentiated products has been growing in recent decades, with enzymes being excellent examples of the advances achieved so far. Lipases are astonishing catalysts with a vast range of applications including the synthesis of esters, flavours, biodiesel, and polymers. The broad specificity of the substrates, as well as the regio-, stereo-, and enantioselectivity, are the differentiating factors of these enzymes. Structural modification is a current approach to enhance the activity of lipases. Chemical modification of lipases to improve catalytic performance is of great interest considering the increasingly broad fields of application. Together with the physical immobilization onto solid supports, different strategies have been developed to produce catalysts with higher activity and stability. In this review, practical insights into the different strategies developed in recent years regarding the modification of lipases are described. For the first time, the impact of the modifications on the activity and stability of lipases, as well as on the biotechnological applications, is fully compiled. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Noro
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carla Silva
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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Maroa S, Inambao F. A review of sustainable biodiesel production using biomass derived heterogeneous catalysts. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:790-824. [PMID: 34899118 PMCID: PMC8638282 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of biodiesel through chemical production processes of transesterification reaction depends on suitable catalysts to hasten the chemical reactions. Therefore, the initial selection of catalysts is critical although it is also dependent on the quantity of free fatty acids in a given sample of oil. Earlier forms of biodiesel production processes relied on homogeneous catalysts, which have undesirable effects such as toxicity, high flammability, corrosion, by-products such as soap and glycerol, and high wastewater. Heterogeneous catalysts overcome most of these problems. Recent developments involve novel approaches using biomass and bio-waste resource derived heterogeneous catalysts. These catalysts are renewable, non-toxic, reusable, offer high catalytic activity and stability in both acidic and base conditions, and show high tolerance properties to water. This review work critically reviews biomass-based heterogeneous catalysts, especially those utilized in sustainable production of biofuel and biodiesel. This review examines the sustainability of these catalysts in literature in terms of small-scale laboratory and industrial applications in large-scale biodiesel and biofuel production. Furthermore, this work will critically review natural heterogeneous biomass waste and bio-waste catalysts in relation to upcoming nanotechnologies. Finally, this work will review the gaps identified in the literature for heterogeneous catalysts derived from biomass and other biocatalysts with a view to identifying future prospects for heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semakula Maroa
- College of Agriculture Science and EngineeringDiscipline of Mechanical EngineeringGreen Energy GroupUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Freddie Inambao
- College of Agriculture Science and EngineeringDiscipline of Mechanical EngineeringGreen Energy GroupUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
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Savickaite A, Sadauskas M, Gudiukaite R. Immobilized GDEst-95, GDEst-lip and GD-95RM lipolytic enzymes for continuous flow hydrolysis and transesterification reactions. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:421-434. [PMID: 33493559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study lipolytic biocatalysts GD-95RM, GDEst-95 and GDEst-lip were immobilized by encapsulation in calcium alginate beads. All three immobilized biocatalysts demonstrated significantly increased thermal stability at 60-70 °C temperatures and the activity of GD-95RM lipase increased by 50% at 70-80 °C following the immobilization. Moreover, encapsulated GDEst-95 esterase retained higher than 50% lipolytic activity after 3 months of incubation with butanol (25%) and ethanol (50%); GDEst-lip enzyme possessed 50% activity after 2 months of treatment with ethanol (25%) and methanol (25%); and GD-95RM lipase displayed higher that 50% activity after two-week incubation with methanol (50%). All three immobilized enzymes displayed long-term storage capability (>50% activity) at least until 3 months at 4 °C. It was also detected that immobilized GD-95RM and GDEst-lip can perform flow hydrolysis of both avocado oil and p-NP dodecanoate in prototype packed-bed column reactor. The analysis of continuous transesterification of avocado or sunflower oil with ethanol or methanol as substrates confirmed that encapsulated GD-95RM and GDEst-lip enzymes is a useful approach to produce fatty acid alkyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Savickaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mikas Sadauskas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Renata Gudiukaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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