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Wang S, Shan Y, Zhang S, Zhang L, Jiao Y, Xue D, Zhang L, Yi H. Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei X12 Strain Induces Apoptosis in HT-29 Cells through Activation of the Mitochondrial Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:2123. [PMID: 37432295 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
L. paracasei subsp. paracasei X12 was obtained from traditional cheese produced in northwestern China. In this study, we showed that whole peptidoglycan (WPG), extracted from L. paracasei subsp. paracasei X12, inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, WPG-induced apoptosis was associated with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm), the release of cytochrome c (Cyto-C) from mitochondrialto cytosolic spaces, activation of Caspase 3, and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that these events were accompanied by upregulation of proapoptotic genes (Bax or Bad) and downregulation of antiapoptotic genes (Bcl-xl). Taken together, our results demonstrated that WPG induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells through activation of the mitochondrial pathway. WPG exerted only minor toxicity upon noncancerous cells and therefore might be used as a natural agent in the treatment of cancer in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Wang
- College of Food Engineering, Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research, Harbin University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yi Shan
- College of Food Engineering, Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research, Harbin University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yuehua Jiao
- Center of Drug Safety Evaluation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dijia Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
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Whole Peptidoglycan Extracts from the Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei M5 Strain Exert Anticancer Activity In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2871710. [PMID: 29568745 PMCID: PMC5820549 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2871710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei M5 strain exerted potential anticancer activity through the cell wall. In this study, whole peptidoglycan (WPG) was extracted from the Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei M5 strain and was evaluated for anticancer effects as well as its properties. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the presence of WPG with dominant bands of approximately 14.4 kDa. Further analysis revealed that the amino acids present in the WPG consisted of alanine, glycine, glutamic acid, and lysine in a molar ratio of approximately 8 : 5 : 3 : 3.5. In addition, the cell viability of HT-29 cells with WPG addition was investigated with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and trypan blue exclusion (TBE) assays, and cell apoptosis was analyzed with a transmission electron microscope, flow cytometry, and semiquantitative RT-PCR. These results showed that WPG exerted cytotoxic effects on colon cancer HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner and upregulated proapoptotic genes, while downregulating antiapoptotic genes. The gene expression study definitively revealed that WPG induced a mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway.
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Shokryazdan P, Jahromi MF, Bashokouh F, Idrus Z, Liang JB. Antiproliferation effects and antioxidant activity of two new Lactobacillus strains. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.6416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The microorganisms most commonly used as probiotics are lactic acid bacteria, especially those of the genus Lactobacillus. In the present study, two Lactobacillus strains, L. pentosus ITA23 and L. acidipiscis ITA44, previously isolated from mulberry silage, were characterized for their antiproliferative and antioxidant activities. The antiproliferative effects of the strains were investigated using the MTT assay with breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), liver cancer (HepG2) and normal liver (Chang) cell lines. The strains were tested for their antioxidant activity using the FRAP and ABTS methods. The results showed that the two Lactobacillus strains had good antiproliferative effects against both cancer cell lines tested, while their effects on the normal cells were weak. Based on the results of the antioxidant tests, the intact cells and cell-free extracts of the two Lactobacillus strains showed more than 135 and less than 50 µg trolox/ml of antioxidant activity, respectively. Lactobacillus pentosus ITA23 and L. acidipiscis ITA44 can be considered as potential probiotic candidates for humans because of their antioxidant activity and antiproliferation effects against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shokryazdan
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Iran
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Shokryazdan P, Jahromi MF, Liang JB, Sieo CC, Kalavathy R, Idrus Z, Ho YW. In Vitro Assessment of Bioactivities of Lactobacillus Strains as Potential Probiotics for Humans and Chickens. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2734-2745. [PMID: 29023714 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Twelve previously isolated Lactobacillus strains were investigated for their in vitro bioactivities, including bile salt hydrolase (BSH), cholesterol-reducing and antioxidant activities, cytotoxic effects against cancer cells, enzyme activity, and biogenic amine production. Among them, only 4 strains showed relatively high BSH activity, whereas the rest exhibited low BSH activity. All 12 strains showed cholesterol-reducing and antioxidant activities, especially in their intact cells, which in most of the cases, the isolated strains were stronger in these activities than the tested commercial reference strains. None of the tested strains produced harmful enzymes (β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase) or biogenic amines. Among the 12 strains, 3 strains were tested for their cytotoxic effects against 3 cancer cell lines, which exhibited strong cytotoxic effects, and they also showed selectivity in killing cancer cells when compared to normal cells. Hence, all 12 Lactobacillus strains could be considered good potential probiotic candidates because of their beneficial functional bioactivities. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The Lactobacillus strains tested in this study could be considered good potential probiotic candidates for food/feed industry because of their beneficial functional bioactivities such as good cholesterol-reducing ability, high antioxidant activity, and good and selective cytotoxic effect against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shokryazdan
- Inst. of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Agriculture Biotechnology Research Inst. of Iran (ABRII), East and North-East Branch, P.O. Box 91735, 844 Mashhad, Iran
| | - M F Jahromi
- Inst. of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Agriculture Biotechnology Research Inst. of Iran (ABRII), East and North-East Branch, P.O. Box 91735, 844 Mashhad, Iran
| | - J B Liang
- Inst. of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C C Sieo
- Inst. of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Kalavathy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z Idrus
- Inst. of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Y W Ho
- Inst. of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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5
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de Oliveira MB, Fook-Alves VL, Eugenio AIP, Fernando RC, Sanson LFG, de Carvalho MF, Braga WMT, Davies FE, Colleoni GWB. Anti-myeloma effects of ruxolitinib combined with bortezomib and lenalidomide: A rationale for JAK/STAT pathway inhibition in myeloma patients. Cancer Lett 2017. [PMID: 28645562 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
JAK proteins have been linked with survival and proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells; therefore, JAK inhibition could be a therapeutic strategy for MM. We evaluated JAK1 and JAK2 expression in MM patients and the effects of JAK/STAT pathway inhibition on apoptosis, cell cycle, gene and protein expression in RPMI-8226 and U266 MM cell lines. 57% of patients presented overexpression of JAK2 and 27%, of JAK1. After treatment with ruxolitinib and bortezomib, RPMI-8226 and U266 presented 50% of cells in late apoptosis, reduction of anti-apoptotic genes expression and higher number of cells in SubG0 phase. Co-culture with stromal cells protected RPMI-8226 cells from apoptosis, which was reversed by lenalidomide addition. Combination of ruxolitinib, bortezomib and lenalidomide induced 72% of cell death, equivalent to bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone, combination used in clinical practice. Many JAK/STAT pathway genes, after treatment, had their expression reduced, mainly in RPMI-8226, with insignificant changes in U266. In this scenario, JAK/STAT pathway could pose as a new therapeutic target to be exploited, since it is constitutively active and contributes to survival of MM tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B de Oliveira
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Veruska L Fook-Alves
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Angela I P Eugenio
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C Fernando
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe G Sanson
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Mariana F de Carvalho
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Walter M T Braga
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Faith E Davies
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute at UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Gisele W B Colleoni
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil.
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Kaur B, Kaur R. Purification of a dimeric arginine deiminase from Enterococcus faecium GR7 and study of its anti-cancerous activity. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 125:53-60. [PMID: 26363115 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The arginine deiminase (ADI, E.C 3.5.3.6) - a key enzyme of ADI pathway of Enterococcus faecium GR7 was purified to homogeneity. A sequential purification strategy involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, molecular sieve followed by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration was applied to the crude culture filtrate to obtain a pure enzyme preparation. The enzyme was purified with a fold of 16.92 and showed a final specific activity of 76.65IU/mg with a 49.17% yield. The dimeric ADI has a molecular mass of about 94,364.929Da, and comprises of hetrodimers of 49.1kDa and 46.5kDa as determined by MALDI-TOF and PAGE analysis. To assess anti-cancerous activity of ADI by MTT assay was carried out against cancer cell lines (MCF-7, Sp2/0-Ag14 and Hep-G2). Purified ADI exhibited the most profound antiproliferative activity against Hep-G2 cells; with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.95μg/ml. Purified ADI from E. faecium GR7 was observed to induce apoptosis in the Hep-G2 cells by DNA fragmentation assay. Our findings suggest the possibility of a future use of ADI from E. faecium GR7 as a potential anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India.
| | - Rajinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India
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Kostrzewa-Nowak D, Tarasiuk J. Bioreductive activation of mitoxantrone by NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase does not change its apoptotic stimuli properties in regard to sensitive and multidrug resistant leukaemia HL60 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 721:141-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Hamed SS, Straubinger RM, Jusko WJ. Pharmacodynamic modeling of cell cycle and apoptotic effects of gemcitabine on pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 72:553-63. [PMID: 23835677 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The standard of care for treating patients with pancreatic adenocarcinomas includes gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine). Gemcitabine primarily elicits its response by stalling the DNA replication forks of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. To provide a quantitative framework for characterizing the cell cycle and apoptotic effects of gemcitabine, we developed a pharmacodynamic model in which the activation of cell cycle checkpoints or cell death is dependent on gemcitabine exposure. METHODS Three pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines (AsPC-1, BxPC-3, and MiaPaca-2) were exposed to varying concentrations (0-100,000 ng/mL) of gemcitabine over a period of 96 h in order to quantify proliferation kinetics and cell distributions among the cell cycle phases. The model assumes that the drug can inhibit cycle-phase transitioning in each of the 3 phases (G1, S, and G2/M) and can cause apoptosis of cells in G1 and G2/M phases. Fitting was performed using the ADAPT5 program. RESULTS The time course of gemcitabine effects was well described by the model, and parameters were estimated with good precision. Model predictions and experimental data show that gemcitabine induces cell cycle arrest in the S phase at low concentrations, whereas higher concentrations induce arrest in all cell cycle phases. Furthermore, apoptotic effects of gemcitabine appear to be minimal and take place at later time points. CONCLUSION The pharmacodynamic model developed provides a quantitative, mechanistic interpretation of gemcitabine efficacy in 3 pancreatic cancer cell lines, and provides useful insights for rational selection of chemotherapeutic agents for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salaheldin S Hamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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Motevaseli E, Shirzad M, Akrami SM, Mousavi AS, Mirsalehian A, Modarressi MH. Normal and tumour cervical cells respond differently to vaginal lactobacilli, independent of pH and lactate. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:1065-1072. [PMID: 23618799 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.057521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a human papilloma virus (HPV)-related cancer, but most HPV infections are transient or intermittent and resolve spontaneously. Thus, other factors, such as cervical microflora, which are dominated by lactobacilli, must be involved in invasive cervical carcinoma development after HPV infection. Previous studies have demonstrated that lactobacilli have antitumour effects, and it is possible that vaginal lactobacilli prevent cervical cancer. Here we examined the proliferative and apoptotic responses of normal and tumour cervical cells to common vaginal lactobacilli components by investigating human normal fibroblast-like cervical (normal cervical) and HeLa (cervical tumour) cell responses to Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus crispatus. The effects of different lactobacilli components, such as culture supernatants, cytoplasmic extracts, cell-wall extracts and live cells, were determined by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, trypan blue staining, lactate dehydrogenase assay and colorimetric caspase-3 activity assay. Changes in caspase-3 and human chorionic gonadotropin β (hCGβ) expression were analysed by quantitative RT-PCR. Tumour cell growth inhibition by culture supernatants was higher than that by pH- and lactate-adjusted controls. However, the effects of the supernatants on normal cells were similar to those of lactate-adjusted controls. Apoptosis was inhibited by supernatants, which was consistent with higher hCGβ expression since hCG inhibits apoptosis. Our study demonstrated that common vaginal lactobacilli exert cytotoxic effects on cervical tumour cells, but not on normal cells, and that this cytotoxicity is independent of pH and lactate. Our results encourage further studies on the interaction between lactobacilli and cervical cells, and administration of common vaginal lactobacilli as probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Shirzad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azam-Sadat Mousavi
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Valli-e-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Mirsalehian
- Department of Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nowak R, Tarasiuk J. Retaining cytotoxic activity of anthrapyridone CO1 against multidrug resistant cells is related to the ability to induce concomitantly apoptosis and lysosomal death of leukaemia HL60/VINC and HL60/DOX cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:855-67. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The effect of anthrapyridone compound CO1 retaining cytotoxic activity against multidrug resistant (MDR) tumour cells on inducing cell death of the sensitive leukaemia HL60 cell line and its MDR sublines (HL60/VINC and HL60/DOX) was examined.
Methods
The effects of CO1 and the reference compound doxorubicin (DOX) on examined cells were analysed by studying their cytotoxicity, drug intracellular accumulation, cell cycle distribution, caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity, Fas expression and lysosomal integrity.
Key findings
CO1 was much less effective at influencing the cell cycle of examined cells than DOX a well-known antitumour drug targeting cellular DNA and causing G2/M checkpoint arrest. CO1 caused much less pronounced appearance of the sub-G1 population and oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation, characteristic of apoptosis, compared with DOX. Significantly lower caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity was also observed in the response of these cells to CO1 compared with DOX treatment. CO1 did not change the expression of the Fas death receptor, characteristic of apoptotic pathways, on the surface of studied cells. Interestingly, the results showed that CO1 caused lysosomal membrane permeability (LMP) of the cells, whereas DOX did not perturb the lysosomal integrity of the studied cells.
Conclusions
The results suggest that CO1 could induce LMP-mediated cell death as a main lethal effect in a caspase-independent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nowak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Tarasiuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Anthraquinone antitumour agents, doxorubicin, pirarubicin and benzoperimidine BP1, trigger caspase-3/caspase-8-dependent apoptosis of leukaemia sensitive HL60 and resistant HL60/VINC and HL60/DOX cells. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:380-92. [PMID: 22198116 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32834f8ab4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effect of selected anthraquinone antitumour agents - doxorubicin (DOX), pirarubicin (PIRA) and benzoperimidine BP1 - on inducing apoptosis of the sensitive leukaemia HL60 cell line and its multidrug resistance sublines overexpressing P-glycoprotein (HL60/VINC) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (HL60/DOX). All agents used at IC50 and IC90 were able to influence the cell cycle of sensitive HL60 and resistant cells and induce apoptosis. Interestingly, it was seen that HL60/VINC cells were more susceptible to undergo caspase-3/caspase-8-dependent apoptosis induced by the studied anthraquinone compounds compared with HL60 and HL60/DOX cells. However, the examined agents did not change the expression of Fas receptors on the surface of HL60-sensitive and-resistant cells.
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Mathematical modeling to distinguish cell cycle arrest and cell killing in chemotherapeutic concentration response curves. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2011; 38:385-403. [DOI: 10.1007/s10928-011-9199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kumar CNSSP, Parida DK, Santhoshi A, Kota AK, Sridhar B, Rao VJ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of tetrazole containing compounds as possible anticancer agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shen L, Au WY, Wong KY, Shimizu N, Tsuchiyama J, Kwong YL, Liang RH, Srivastava G. Cell death by bortezomib-induced mitotic catastrophe in natural killer lymphoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 7:3807-15. [PMID: 19074855 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (PS-341/Velcade) is used for the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma and mantle-cell lymphoma. We recently reported its therapeutic potential against natural killer (NK)-cell neoplasms. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of bortezomib-induced cell death in NK lymphoma cells. NK lymphoma cell lines (SNK-6 and NK-YS) and primary cultures of NK lymphomas treated with bortezomib were examined for alterations in cell viability, apoptosis, cellular senescence, and cell cycle status. Bortezomib primarily induced mitochondrial apoptosis in NK-YS cells and in primary lymphoma cells at the same concentration as reported in myeloma cells. Unexpectedly, SNK-6 cells required a significantly higher median inhibitory concentration of bortezomib (23 nmol/L) than NK-YS and primary lymphoma cells (6-13 nmol/L). Apoptosis was limited in SNK-6 cells due to the extensively delayed turnover of Bcl-2 family members. These cells were killed by bortezomib, albeit at higher pharmacologic concentrations, via mitotic catastrophe-a mitotic cell death associated with M-phase arrest, cyclin B1 accumulation, and increased CDC2/CDK1 activity. Our results suggest that, in addition to cell death by apoptosis at lower bortezomib concentrations, NK lymphoma cells resistant to bortezomib-induced apoptosis can be killed via mitotic catastrophe, an alternative cell death mechanism, at higher pharmacologic concentrations of bortezomib. Hence, activating mitotic catastrophe by bortezomib may provide a novel therapeutic approach for treating apoptosis-resistant NK-cell malignancies and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Han X, Li C, Mosher MD, Rider KC, Zhou P, Crawford RL, Fusco W, Paszczynski A, Natale NR. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel class of anticancer agents: anthracenylisoxazole lexitropsin conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:1671-80. [PMID: 19167892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vitro anti-tumor 60 cell lines screen of a novel series of anthracenyl isoxazole amides (AIMs) (While not a strict acronym, the designation AIM is in honor of the memory of Professor Albert I. Meyers.) (22-33) are described. The molecules consist of an isoxazole that pre-organizes a planar aromatic moiety and a simple amide and/or lexitropsin-oligopeptide. The new conjugate molecules were prepared via doubly activated amidation modification of Weinreb's amide formation technique, using SmCl(3) as an activating agent which produces improved yields for sterically hindered 3-aryl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic esters. The results of the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) 60 cell line screening assay show a distinct structure activity relationship (SAR), wherein a trend of the highest activity for molecules with one N-methylpyrrole peptide. Evidence consistent with a mechanism of action via the interaction of these compounds with G-quadruplex (G4) DNA and a structural based rational for the observed selectivity of the AIMs for G4 over B-DNA is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
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Rozanova Torshina N, Zhang JZ, Heck DE. Catalytic therapy of cancer with ascorbate and extracts of medicinal herbs. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2007; 7:203-12. [PMID: 18955293 PMCID: PMC2862925 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic therapy (CT) is a cancer treatment modality based on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using a combination of substrate molecules and a catalyst. The most frequently used substrate/catalyst pair is ascorbate/Co phthalocyanine (PcCo). In the present work, herb extracts containing pigments have been studied as a catalyst in place of PcCo. Extracts from herbs are expected to have efficiency comparable with that of phthalocyanines but as natural products, to exhibit fewer side effects. The present studies demonstrate that a combined use of ascorbate and herbal extracts results in ROS production and a significant decrease in the number of cancer cells after a single in vitro treatment. Treatment with ascorbate in conjunction with extracts prepared from several medicinal herbs stimulated apoptosis and disrupted the cell cycle. The number of cells accumulating in the sub-G0/G1 stage of the cell cycle was increased 2- to 7-fold, and cells in G2/M increased 1.5- to 20-fold, indicating that the treatment protocol was highly effective in suppressing DNA synthesis and potentially reflecting DNA damage in the tumor cells. In addition, 20–40% of the cells underwent apoptosis within 24 h of completing treatment. Our results suggest that herbal extracts can function as CT catalysts in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadejda Rozanova Torshina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 and Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
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Rozanova Torshina N, Zhang JZ, Heck DE. Catalytic therapy of cancer with porphyrins and ascorbate. Cancer Lett 2007; 252:216-24. [PMID: 17275175 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic therapy (CT) is a cancer treatment modality based on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using a combination of substrate molecules and a catalyst. The most frequently used substrate and catalyst pair is ascorbate/Co phthalocyanine (PcCo). In the present study, porphyrins containing transition metal ions as catalysts in place of PcCo were studied. Porphyrins that are expected to be as efficient as phthalocyanines, but may have fewer side effects, were analyzed. ROS production through the combined use of ascorbate and porphyrins decreased the number of breast cancer tumor cells by 20-40% after a single in vitro treatment, as compared to control cells. Treatment with ascorbate in conjunction with porphyrins stimulated apoptosis and disrupted the cell cycle. These treatments enhanced apoptosis by 20-40% when compared to treatments with ascorbate and porphyrins. In addition, the number of cells accumulating in the sub G0/G1 stage of the cell cycle increased from 3- to 10-fold, potentially reflecting that the treatment was highly effective in inducing DNA damage in the tumor cells, suggesting that porphyrins may be beneficial as a CT catalyst in the treatment of cancer.
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Choi SS, Kim Y, Han KS, You S, Oh S, Kim SH. Effects of Lactobacillus strains on cancer cell proliferation and oxidative stress in vitro. Lett Appl Microbiol 2006; 42:452-8. [PMID: 16620202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.01913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to assess in vitro, whether heat-killed (HK) lactic acid bacteria cells and fractionations of HK cells could suppress the viability of human cancer cells and inhibit the cytotoxicity associated with oxidative stress. METHODS AND RESULTS Among the strains, the HK cells of Lactobacillus acidophilus 606 and Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 exhibited the most profound inhibitory activity in all of the tested cell lines. HK cells of L. acidophilus 606 were determined to be less toxic to healthy human embryo fibroblasts (hEF cells) than were HK cells of L. casei ATCC 393. The soluble polysaccharides from L. acidophilus 606 evidenced the most effective anticancer activity, but inhibited hEF cell growth by only 20%. The soluble polysaccharides from L. acidophilus 606 were partly observed to induce apoptosis in the HT-29 cells by DNA fragmentation and propidium iodine staining. Both the HK cells of L. acidophilus 606 and the soluble polysaccharide components of this strain also exhibited potent antioxidative activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the soluble polysaccharide fraction from L. acidophilus 606 may constitute a novel anticancer agent, which manifests a high degree of selectivity for human cancer cells and antioxidative agent in the food industry. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These soluble polysaccharide components from Lactobacillus may be applied to various foods, and used as adjuncts for cancer therapy and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Choi
- Division of Food Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Petrov SV, Raskin GA, Khasanov RS. A new hypothesis on the role of c-erbB2 oncogene in the progress of breast cancer. Bull Exp Biol Med 2006; 142:94-7. [PMID: 17369913 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-006-0301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation and the state of adhesion molecules (E-cadherin, galectin-3) and estrogen and progesterone receptors were immunohistochemically analyzed in breast cancer biopsy specimens under conditions of c-erbB2 overexpression with and without gene amplification. It was hypothesized that c-erbB2 overexpression without gene amplification led to suppression of proliferation and "conservation" of tumor cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Petrov
- Clinical Oncological Center, Ministry of Health of Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan.
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Fletcher L, Muschel RJ. The centrosome and the DNA damage induced checkpoint. Cancer Lett 2006; 243:1-8. [PMID: 16764987 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The centrosome, the microtubule-organizing center of the cell, acts as a localization point, where signaling molecules are able to interact. Many kinases and phosphatases critical for regulation of DNA damage signaling pathways localize to the centrosome. This review will discuss the possible involvement of the centrosome in mediating DNA damage checkpoint control, in particular the effect of DNA damage signaling pathways involved in initiation or maintenance of cell cycle arrest on the centrosome. The mechanisms that lead to centrosome abnormalities such as centrosome hyperamplification and multipolarity in response to DNA damage will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Thomadaki H, Tsiapalis CM, Scorilas A. Polyadenylate polymerase modulations in human epithelioid cervix and breast cancer cell lines, treated with etoposide or cordycepin, follow cell cycle rather than apoptosis induction. Biol Chem 2005; 386:471-80. [PMID: 15927891 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2005.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer results from an imbalance between cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Therefore, most anticancer drugs exert their antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity via cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis, a controlled form of cell death that is dysregulated in cancer. Many polyadenylation trans-acting factors, including polyadenylate polymerase (PAP), are increasingly found to be involved in cell cycle, apoptosis and cancer prognosis. The objective of the present study was to identify PAP modulations in the response of two epithelial cancer cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7) to apoptosis induction by the anticancer drugs etoposide and cordycepin. Cells were assessed for PAP activity and isoforms by the highly sensitive PAP activity assay and Western blotting, respectively. Induction of apoptosis was determined by endonucleosomal DNA cleavage, 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindol (DAPI) staining and caspase-6 activity assay, whereas cytotoxicity and cell cycle status were assessed by trypan blue staining, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. Our results indicate that PAP changes very early in response to either etoposide or cordycepin treatment, even prior to the hallmarks of apoptosis (chromatin condensation and cleavage), in both cell lines tested, but in a different mode. Our results suggest, for the first time, that in the epithelial cancer cell lines used, PAP modulations follow cell cycle progression rather than the course of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellinida Thomadaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, GR-15701 Athens, Greece
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