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Alrfooh A, Patel A, Laroia S. Transarterial Radioembolization Agents: a Review of the Radionuclide Agents and the Carriers. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 55:162-172. [PMID: 34422126 PMCID: PMC8322227 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-021-00709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver tumors, both primary and secondary to metastatic disease, remain a major challenge, with an increasing incidence. In this context, taking advantage of the dual blood supply of the liver, and the fact that liver tumors derive majority of their blood supply from the hepatic artery, intraarterial therapies are gaining popularity. Intraarterial liver-directed therapy (IALDT) is the option when the surgery is not feasible due to the number of metastases or for other reasons. Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is a specific type of IALDT, where a carrier particle/microsphere is labeled with a radioactive substance and then is injected into hepatic artery for therapeutic purposes. As this field is rapidly evolving, with multiple agents being investigated and being introduced into clinical practice, it is hard for the practitioners and researchers to encompass all the available information concisely. This article aims to present a comprehensive review of the prominent TARE technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysheh Alrfooh
- University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Aditi Patel
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Sandeep Laroia
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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Peer-Firozjaei M, Tajik-Mansoury MA, Ghorbani R, Mazinani M. Evaluation of Dosimetric Parameters for Tumor Therapy with 177Lu and 90Y Radionuclides in Gate Monte Carlo Code. J Biomed Phys Eng 2021; 11:263-270. [PMID: 34189114 PMCID: PMC8236104 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2101-1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 90Y and 177Lu are two well-known radionuclides used in radionuclide therapy to treat neuroendocrine tumors. OBJECTIVE This current study aims to evaluate, compare and optimize tumor therapy with 90Y and 177Lu for different volumes of the tumor using the criterion of self-absorbed dose, cross-absorbed dose, absorbed dose profile, absorbed dose uniformity, and dose-volume histogram (DVH) curve using Gate Monte Carlo simulation code. MATERIAL AND METHODS In our analytical study, Gate Monte Carlo simulation code has been used to model tumors and simulate particle transport. Spherical tumors were modeled from radius 0.5 to 20 mm. Tumors were uniformly designed from water (soft tissue reagent). The full energy spectrum of each radionuclide of 177Lu and 90Y was used in the total volume of tumors with isotropic radiation, homogeneously. Self-absorbed dose, cross-absorbed dose, absorbed dose profile, absorbed dose uniformity, and DVH curve parameters were evaluated. RESULTS The absorbed dose for 90Y is higher than 177Lu in all tumors (p-value <5%). The uniformity of the absorbed dose for 177Lu is much greater than 90Y. As the tumor size increases, the DVH graph improves for 90Y. CONCLUSION Based on self-absorbed dose, cross-absorbed dose, absorbed dose uniformity, and DVH diagram, 177Lu and 90Y are appropriate for smaller and larger tumors, respectively. Next, we can evaluate the appropriate cocktail of these radionuclides, in terms of the type of composition, for the treatment of tumors with a specific size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Peer-Firozjaei
- MSc, Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Tajik-Mansoury
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Raheb Ghorbani
- PhD, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mazinani
- MSc, Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Farzin A, Etesami SA, Quint J, Memic A, Tamayol A. Magnetic Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901058. [PMID: 32196144 PMCID: PMC7482193 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is urgency for the development of nanomaterials that can meet emerging biomedical needs. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer high magnetic moments and surface-area-to-volume ratios that make them attractive for hyperthermia therapy of cancer and targeted drug delivery. Additionally, they can function as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and can improve the sensitivity of biosensors and diagnostic tools. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have resulted in the realization of the next generation of MNPs suitable for these and other biomedical applications. This review discusses methods utilized for the fabrication and engineering of MNPs. Recent progress in the use of MNPs for hyperthermia therapy, controlling drug release, MRI, and biosensing is also critically reviewed. Finally, challenges in the field and potential opportunities for the use of MNPs toward improving their properties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Farzin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
| | - S. Alireza Etesami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Memphis. Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Jacob Quint
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Adnan Memic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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Rezazadeh F, Sadeghzadeh N. Tumor targeting with 99m Tc radiolabeled peptides: Clinical application and recent development. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:205-221. [PMID: 30299570 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Targeting overexpressed receptors on the cancer cells with radiolabeled peptides has become very important in nuclear oncology in the recent years. Peptides are small and have easy preparation and easy radiolabeling protocol with no side-effect and toxicity. These properties made them a valuable tool for tumor targeting. Based on the successful imaging of neuroendocrine tumors with 111 In-octreotide, other receptor-targeting peptides such as bombesin (BBN), cholecystokinin/gastrin analogues, neurotensin analogues, glucagon-like peptide-1, and RGD peptides are currently under development or undergoing clinical trials. The most frequently used radionuclides for tumor imaging are 99m Tc and 111 In for single-photon emission computed tomography and 68 Ga and 18 F for positron emission tomography imaging. This review presents some of the 99m Tc-labeled peptides, with regard to their potential for radionuclide imaging of tumors in clinical and preclinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Rezazadeh
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nourollah Sadeghzadeh
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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177Lu-DOTA-coupled minigastrin peptides: promising theranostic agents in neuroendocrine cancers. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1759-1767. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Boschi A, Martini P, Uccelli L. 188Re(V) Nitrido Radiopharmaceuticals for Radionuclide Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10010012. [PMID: 28106830 PMCID: PMC5374416 DOI: 10.3390/ph10010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The favorable nuclear properties of rhenium-188 for therapeutic application are described, together with new methods for the preparation of high yield and stable 188Re radiopharmaceuticals characterized by the presence of the nitride rhenium core in their final chemical structure. 188Re is readily available from an 188W/188Re generator system and a parallelism between the general synthetic procedures applied for the preparation of nitride technetium-99m and rhenium-188 theranostics radiopharmaceuticals is reported. Although some differences between the chemical characteristics of the two metallic nitrido fragments are highlighted, it is apparent that the same general procedures developed for the labelling of biologically active molecules with technetium-99m can be applied to rhenium-188 with minor modification. The availability of these chemical strategies, that allow the obtainment, in very high yield and in physiological condition, of 188Re radiopharmaceuticals, gives a new attractive prospective to employ this radionuclide for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Boschi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
| | - Petra Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
- Italy and Legnaro National Laboratories, Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNL-INFN), Legnaro (PD) 35020, Italy.
| | - Licia Uccelli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
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Development of Drugs and Technology for Radiation Theragnosis. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Gomes AR, Abrantes AM, Brito AF, Laranjo M, Casalta-Lopes JE, Gonçalves AC, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Botelho MF, Tralhão JG. Influence of P53 on the radiotherapy response of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol 2015; 21:257-67. [PMID: 26527121 PMCID: PMC4612287 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2015.21.3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and it has a poor prognosis and few therapeutic options. Radiotherapy is one of the most effective forms of cancer treatment, and P53 protein is one of the key molecules determining how a cell responds to radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of iodine-131 in three human HCC cell lines. Methods Western blotting was used to measure P53 expression. The effects of radiotherapy with iodine-131 were assessed by using the clonogenic assay to evaluate cell survival. Flow cytometry was carried out to examine the effects of iodine-131 on cell death, oxidative stress, reduced intracellular glutathione expression, the mitochondrial membrane potential, and the cell cycle. Results The P53 protein was not expressed in Hep3B2.1-7 cells, was expressed at normal levels in HepG2 cells, and was overexpressed in HuH7 cells. P53 expression in the HuH7 and HepG2 cell lines increased after internal and external irradiation with iodine-131. Irradiation induced a decrease in cell survival and led to a decrease in cell viability in all of the cell lines studied, accompanied by cell death via late apoptosis/necrosis and necrosis. Irradiation with 131-iodine induced mostly cell-cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Conclusions These results suggest that P53 plays a key role in the radiotherapy response of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Gomes
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M Abrantes
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ; Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana F Brito
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ; Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ; Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João E Casalta-Lopes
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ; Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Gonçalves
- Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ; Applied Molecular Biology and Hematology Group, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana B Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ; Applied Molecular Biology and Hematology Group, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria F Botelho
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ; Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José G Tralhão
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ; Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ; Surgical Department A, CHUC, Coimbra, Portugal
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Dash A, Chakraborty S, Pillai MRA, Knapp FFR. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy: an overview. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2015; 30:47-71. [PMID: 25710506 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2014.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a site-directed targeted therapeutic strategy that specifically uses radiolabeled peptides as biological targeting vectors designed to deliver cytotoxic levels of radiation dose to cancer cells, which overexpress specific receptors. Interest in PRRT has steadily grown because of the advantages of targeting cellular receptors in vivo with high sensitivity as well as specificity and treatment at the molecular level. Recent advances in molecular biology have not only stimulated advances in PRRT in a sustainable manner but have also pushed the field significantly forward to several unexplored possibilities. Recent decades have witnessed unprecedented endeavors for developing radiolabeled receptor-binding somatostatin analogs for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors, which have played an important role in the evolution of PRRT and paved the way for the development of other receptor-targeting peptides. Several peptides targeting a variety of receptors have been identified, demonstrating their potential to catalyze breakthroughs in PRRT. In this review, the authors discuss several of these peptides and their analogs with regard to their applications and potential in radionuclide therapy. The advancement in the availability of combinatorial peptide libraries for peptide designing and screening provides the capability of regulating immunogenicity and chemical manipulability. Moreover, the availability of a wide range of bifunctional chelating agents opens up the scope of convenient radiolabeling. For these reasons, it would be possible to envision a future where the scope of PRRT can be tailored for patient-specific application. While PRRT lies at the interface between many disciplines, this technology is inextricably linked to the availability of the therapeutic radionuclides of required quality and activity levels and hence their production is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Dash
- 1 Isotope Production and Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
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Emission of β+ Particles Via Internal Pair Production in the 0+ – 0+ Transition of 90Zr: Historical Background and Current Applications in Nuclear Medicine Imaging. ATOMS 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms1010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Fani M, Maecke HR, Okarvi SM. Radiolabeled peptides: valuable tools for the detection and treatment of cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:481-501. [PMID: 22737187 PMCID: PMC3364555 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cancer cells overexpress many peptide receptors as molecular targets. Radiolabeled peptides that bind with high affinity and specificity to the receptors on tumor cells hold great potential for both diagnostic imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy. The advantage of solid-phase peptide synthesis, the availability of different chelating agents and prosthetic groups and bioconjugation techniques permit the facile preparation of a wide variety of peptide-based targeting molecules with diverse biological and tumor targeting properties. Some of these peptides, including somatostatin, bombesin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin, neurotensin, exendin and RGD are currently under investigation. It is anticipated that in the near future many of these peptides may find applications in nuclear oncology. This article presents recent developments in the field of small peptides, and their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Bousis C, Emfietzoglou D, Nikjoo H. Monte Carlo single-cell dosimetry of I-131, I-125 and I-123 for targeted radioimmunotherapy of B-cell lymphoma. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:908-15. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.666004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Habib EE, El-Kashef AT, Fahmy ES. Management of neuroblastoma: a study of first- and second-line chemotherapy responses, a single institution experience. Oncol Rev 2012; 6:e3. [PMID: 25992205 PMCID: PMC4419637 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2012.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a high-grade malignancy of childhood. It is chemo- and radio-sensitive but prone to relapse after initial remission. The aim of the current study was to study the results of the first- and second-line chemotherapy on the short-term response and long-term survival of children, and to further describe the side effects of treatment. Ninety-five children with advanced neuroblastoma were included in the study, divided into two groups according to the treatment strategy: 65 were treated by first-line chemotherapy alone, and 30 children who were not responding or relapsed after first-line chemotherapy were treated by second-line chemotherapy. External beam radiotherapy was given to bone and brain secondary cancers when detected. Staging workup was performed before, during and after management. Response was documented after surgery for the primary tumor. Median follow up was 32 months (range 24–60 months). Chemothe rapy was continued until toxicity or disease progression occurred, indicating interruption of chemotherapy. Patients received a maximum of 8 cycles. Toxicity was mainly myelo-suppression, with grade II-III severity in 60% of the firstline and 70% of the second-line chemotherapy patients. Median total actuarial survival was nearly 51 months for the first-line chemotherapy group and 30 months for the second-line line group, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmad E Habib
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Amr T El-Kashef
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ezzat S Fahmy
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Walrand S, Flux GD, Konijnenberg MW, Valkema R, Krenning EP, Lhommel R, Pauwels S, Jamar F. Dosimetry of yttrium-labelled radiopharmaceuticals for internal therapy: 86Y or 90Y imaging? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 38 Suppl 1:S57-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-011-1771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Experimental facts supporting a red marrow uptake due to radiometal transchelation in 90Y-DOTATOC therapy and relationship to the decrease of platelet counts. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 38:1270-80. [PMID: 21318451 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-011-1744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate whether the red marrow (RM) takes up (111)In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-D-Phe(1)-octreotide and (86)Y-DOTATOC and to assess the correlation between the RM absorbed doses and platelet count reduction as a biological dose estimate. METHODS Data from 12 patients who underwent at 24 h p.i. high statistics (111)In single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and (86)Y positron emission tomography (PET) acquisitions of the chest were analysed. Uptake was measured on >7 cm spine length and converted to total RM uptake using standard RM distribution in man. RM absorbed doses were calculated assuming specific RM uptake and using the plasma and remainder of the body models. RM doses were correlated with the platelet count reduction at 4 weeks. In vitro experiments explored the metabolism of (111)In-DTPA-D-Phe(1)-octreotide and (90)Y-DOTATOC in plasma. RESULTS The correlation between the uptake of both tracers was excellent (R = 0.80), indicating that RM uptake of (86)Y-DOTATOC reflects a real physiological process and not reconstruction artefacts. The kinetics of (86)Y-DOTATOC RM activity was different than that in blood and tumours, with no activity at 4 h p.i. indicating that the uptake is not somatostatin receptor dependent. In vitro experiments showed a transchelation of both radiometals to free transferrin that could explain the RM uptake. In patients without chemotherapy and with a normal platelet count recovery, a good correlation (R = 0.96) was found between the RM doses and the platelet count reduction at the nadir. CONCLUSION These experimental facts support the existence of a true RM uptake likely related to transchelation of the radiometal to transferrin. RM uptake correlates well with the observed acute RM toxicity.
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Walrand S, Jamar F, van Elmbt L, Lhommel R, Bekonde EB, Pauwels S. 4-Step Renal Dosimetry Dependent on Cortex Geometry Applied to 90Y Peptide Receptor Radiotherapy: Evaluation Using a Fillable Kidney Phantom Imaged by 90Y PET. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:1969-73. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.080093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Lhommel R, van Elmbt L, Goffette P, Van den Eynde M, Jamar F, Pauwels S, Walrand S. Feasibility of 90Y TOF PET-based dosimetry in liver metastasis therapy using SIR-Spheres. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010; 37:1654-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-010-1470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Veiseh O, Gunn JW, Zhang M. Design and fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:284-304. [PMID: 19909778 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1056] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent a class of non-invasive imaging agents that have been developed for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. These MNPs have traditionally been used for disease imaging via passive targeting, but recent advances have opened the door to cellular-specific targeting, drug delivery, and multi-modal imaging by these nanoparticles. As more elaborate MNPs are envisioned, adherence to proper design criteria (e.g. size, coating, molecular functionalization) becomes even more essential. This review summarizes the design parameters that affect MNP performance in vivo, including the physicochemical properties and nanoparticle surface modifications, such as MNP coating and targeting ligand functionalizations that can enhance MNP management of biological barriers. A careful review of the chemistries used to modify the surfaces of MNPs is also given, with attention paid to optimizing the activity of bound ligands while maintaining favorable physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Veiseh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2120, USA
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Hosseinimehr SJ. Potential Utility of Radioprotective Agents in the Practice of Nuclear Medicine. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2009; 24:723-31. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2009.0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Mazanadran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Bousis C, Emfietzoglou D, Hadjidoukas P, Nikjoo H. A Monte Carlo study of cellularS-factors for 1 keV to 1 MeV electrons. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:5023-38. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/16/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Emfietzoglou D, Kostarelos K, Hadjidoukas P, Bousis C, Fotopoulos A, Pathak A, Nikjoo H. Subcellular S-factors for low-energy electrons: A comparison of Monte Carlo simulations and continuous-slowing-down calculations. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 84:1034-44. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000802460180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Marques F, Gano L, Batista MKS, Gomes CAR, Gomes P, Santos I. Radiochemical and biological evaluation of novel153Sm/166Ho-amino acid-chitosan complexes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dong S, Huang G, Liu P, Ma Y, Yan W, Wan L, Zhu C. Efficacy and safety of (32)P-nanocolloid for treatment of distant lymph node metastasis in VX2 tumor-bearing rabbits. Ann Nucl Med 2009; 22:849-58. [PMID: 19142703 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-008-0188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eradication of micrometastases present in lymph nodes of cancer patients improves their prognosis significantly. Radionuclide therapy possesses the potential to eliminate such metastases. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of (32)P-nanocolloid therapy in the treatment of distant carcinoma cell metastases in lymph nodes of VX2 tumor-bearing rabbits. METHODS To obtain VX2 tumor micrometastases in right armpit lymph nodes of 12 male New Zealand white rabbits, VX2 tumors were implanted by hypodermal inoculation into the right anterior limb. Animals were randomly divided into therapy (n = 6) and control (n = 6) groups. (32)P-nanocolloid (0.5 mCi), 95% of which was >50 nm in diameter, was administered to the therapy group, and saline was administered to the control group. Injections were given once weekly for 4 weeks. RESULTS 2-Deoxy-2[(18)F]-fluoro-D -glucose positron emission tomography revealed that the number of involved lymph nodes and the maximum standardized uptake value decreased in the (32)P-nanocolloid therapy group as compared with the baseline or saline control group (P < 0.05). The expression of the lymphangiogenesis factors vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D by VX2 tumor cells present in lymph nodes was significantly lower in the therapy group as compared with the control group. Additionally, apoptotic VX2 tumor cell death was significantly greater in lymph nodes of the therapy as compared with the control group (P < 0.01). With the exception of a decrease in white blood cells of peripheral blood (P < 0.05), standard laboratory values were unaffected throughout the course of therapy with (32)P-nanocolloid. CONCLUSIONS These findings support treatment with (32)P-nanocolloid as a safe and effective approach for eradication of lymph node micrometastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, Medical School of Shanghi Jiaotong University, No. 1630, Rd Dong Fang, 200127 Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
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Abraham JM, Cheng Y, Hamilton JP, Paun B, Jin Z, Agarwal R, Kan T, David S, Olaru A, Yang J, Ito T, Selaru FM, Mori Y, Meltzer SJ. Generation of small 32P-labeled peptides as a potential approach to colorectal cancer therapy. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2508. [PMID: 18575578 PMCID: PMC2423481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers have been revealed to be extremely heterogenous in terms of the frequency and types of mutations present in cells from different malignant tumors. Thus, it is likely that uniform clinical treatment is not optimal for all patients, and that the development of individualized therapeutic regimens may be beneficial. We describe the generation of multiple, unique small peptides nine to thirty-four amino acids in length which, when labeled with the radioisotope (32)P, bind with vastly differing efficiencies to cell lines derived from different colon adenocarcinomas. In addition, the most effective of these peptides permanently transfers the (32)P radioisotope to colorectal cancer cellular proteins within two hours at a rate that is more than 150 times higher than in cell lines derived from other cancers or from the normal tissues tested. Currently, the only two FDA-approved radioimmunotherapeutic agents in use both employ antibodies directed against the B cell marker CD20 for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. By using the method described herein, large numbers of different (32)P-labeled peptides can be readily produced and assayed against a broad spectrum of cancer types. This report proposes the development and use of (32)P-labeled peptides as potential individualized peptide-binding therapies for the treatment of colon adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Abraham
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
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Wang XM, Yin ZY, Yu RX, Peng YY, Liu PG, Wu GY. Preventive effect of regional radiotherapy with phosphorus-32 glass microspheres in hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after hepatectomy. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:518-23. [PMID: 18203282 PMCID: PMC2681141 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Revised: 10/07/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the preventive effects of phosphorus-32 glass microspheres (P32-GMS) in the recurrence of massive hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) after tumor resection. METHODS Twenty-nine patients with massive HCCs received local P32-GMS implantation after liver tumors were removed, while the other 38 patients with massive HCCs were not treated with P32-GMS after hepatectomies. The radioactivity of the blood, urine and liver were examined. The complications, HCC recurrence and overall survival rates in the patients were analyzed. RESULTS P32-GMS implanted in the liver did not cause systemic absorption of P32. There were no significant differences of postoperative complications between the patients with and without P32-GMS treatment. The short-term (six months and 1 year) and long-term (2, 3 and over 3 years) recurrence rates in patients who received P32-GMS radiotherapy were significantly decreased, and the overall survival rates in this group were significantly improved. CONCLUSION P32-GMS implantation in the liver can significantly decrease the postoperative recurrence and improve the overall survival in HCCs patients after hepatectomy. This therapy may provide an innovative method in prevention of HCC recurrence after operation.
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Wu H, Engelhard MH, Wang J, Fisher DR, Lin Y. Synthesis of lutetium phosphate–apoferritin core–shell nanoparticles for potential applications in radioimmunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy of cancers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b717613a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Although systemic radionuclide therapy (SRT) is effective as a palliative therapy in patients with metastatic cancer, there has been limited success in expanding patterns of utilization and in bringing novel systemic radiotherapeutic agents to routine clinical use. Although there are many factors that contribute to this situation, we hypothesize that a better understanding of the radiobiology and mechanism of action of SRT will facilitate the development of future compounds and the future designs of prospective clinical trials. If these trials can be rationalized to the biological basis of the therapy, it is likely that the long-term outcome would be enhanced therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we provide perspectives of the current state of low-dose-rate (LDR) radiation research and offer linkages where appropriate with current clinical knowledge. These include the recently described phenomena of low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity-increased radioresistance (LDH-IRR), adaptive responses, and biological bystander effects. Each of these areas require a major reconsideration of existing models for radiation action and an understanding of how this knowledge will integrate into the evolution of clinical SRT practice. Validation of a role in vivo for both LDH-IRR and biological bystander effects in SRT would greatly impact the way we would assess therapeutic response to SRT, the design of clinical trials of novel SRT radiopharmaceuticals, and risk estimates for both therapeutic and diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. We believe that the current state of research in LDR effects offers a major opportunity to the nuclear medicine community to address the basic science of clinical SRT practice, to use this new knowledge to expand the use and roles of SRT, and to facilitate the introduction of new therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Murray
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines recent data on the pathophysiology and mechanisms of bone pain; it highlights the use of multiple and interdisciplinary treatments rather than sole use of traditional analgesics. RECENT FINDINGS Bone pain has been shown to have a unique pathophysiology. Recent experimental (animal) models have revealed that, parallel to increased bone destruction, ipsilateral spinal cord segments that receive primary input from the cancerous femur exhibit several notable neurochemical changes. These mandate the use of opioid doses sufficient to inhibit the observed nociceptive behaviours; these doses are greater than those required to alleviate pain behaviours of comparable magnitude generated by inflammatory pain. Several substances have been tested in this animal model. SUMMARY According to new preclinical data, treatment of bone cancer pain requires multidisciplinary therapies such as radiotherapy applied to the painful area along with systemic treatment (hormone therapy or chemotherapy) and supportive care (analgesic therapy and bisphosphonates). In some selected cases use of radioisotopes and other noninvasive or minimally invasive techniques may be useful in the management of metastatic bone pain. The treatment should be individualized according to the patient's clinical condition, life expectancy, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Mercadante
- Anesthesia & Intensive Care Unit - La Maddalena Cancer Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Hamada N, Matsumoto H, Hara T, Kobayashi Y. Intercellular and intracellular signaling pathways mediating ionizing radiation-induced bystander effects. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2007; 48:87-95. [PMID: 17327686 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.06084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A rapidly growing body of experimental evidence indicates that ionizing radiation induces biological effects in non-irradiated bystander cells that have received signals from adjacent or distant irradiated cells. This phenomenon, which has been termed the ionizing radiation-induced bystander effect, challenges the long-standing paradigm that radiation traversal through the nucleus of a cell is a prerequisite to elicit genetic damage or a biological response. Bystander effects have been observed in a number of experimental systems, and cells whose nucleus or cytoplasm is irradiated exert bystander responses. Bystander cells manifest a multitude of biological consequences, such as genetic and epigenetic changes, alterations in gene expression, activation of signal transduction pathways, and delayed effects in their progeny. Several mediating mechanisms have been proposed. These involve gap junction-mediated intercellular communication, secreted soluble factors, oxidative metabolism, plasma membrane-bound lipid rafts, and calcium fluxes. This paper reviews briefly the current knowledge of the bystander effect with a focus on proposed mechanisms. The potential benefit of bystander effects to cancer radiotherapy will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hamada
- Department of Quantum Biology, Division of Bioregulatory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
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Feridani AHI, Holmqvist B, Sjögren HO, Strand SE, Tennvall J, Baldetorp B. Combined flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy for evaluation of BR96 antibody cancer cell targeting and internalization. Cytometry A 2007; 71:361-70. [PMID: 17366637 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are important tools in the management of tumor disease, and the discovery of antibodies with both specific cancer cell targeting and capacity to enter the cells by internalization are critical to improve the therapeutic efficacy. METHOD Antibody cancer cell targeting and internalization properties of fluoroscein-conjugated mAb made against Lewis Y (BR96) were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively by means of flow cytometry (FCM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), respectively, on cells from a rat tumor cell line (BN7005-H1D2). RESULTS The study demonstrated a specific binding of BR96 to LewisY (LeY) located in the cell membrane and as BR96/LeY immunocomplexes (BR96/LeY) internalized into the cytoplasm. BR96/LeY was internalized into about 15% of the cells, usually distributed throughout the cytoplasm, but also located close to the nuclei. Cytotoxic effects by BR96 were indicated, and CLSM visualized subpopulations containing cells with bound or internalized BR96/LeY that possessed morphologically pyknotic nuclei and disrupted DNA. CONCLUSION The spatial-temporal pattern by BR96 cell targeting and internalization processes of BR96/LeY into the cancer cells expressing LeY was demonstrated by FCM and CLSM. Used together, the FCM and CLSM techniques provide a valuable tool for preclinical analyses of antibody targeting and their capacities as carriers of cytotoxic conjugates for the use in cancer therapy.
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