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Buchou C, Laud-Duval K, van der Ent W, Grossetête S, Zaidi S, Gentric G, Corbé M, Müller K, Del Nery E, Surdez D, Delattre O. Upregulation of the Mevalonate Pathway through EWSR1-FLI1/EGR2 Regulatory Axis Confers Ewing Cells Exquisite Sensitivity to Statins. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092327. [PMID: 35565457 PMCID: PMC9100622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The objective of this project was to search for new dependencies in Ewing sarcoma, a deadly disease for which new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. A pharmacological screening of off-patent approved drugs (FDA agency) and the investigation of downstream targets of EGR2 were performed. The two approaches showed the MVA pathway as a major dependency in Ewing sarcoma and statin, an inhibitor of this pathway, as a potential new therapeutic agent for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma. Abstract Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is an aggressive primary bone cancer in children and young adults characterized by oncogenic fusions between genes encoding FET-RNA-binding proteins and ETS transcription factors, the most frequent fusion being EWSR1-FLI1. We show that EGR2, an Ewing-susceptibility gene and an essential direct target of EWSR1-FLI1, directly regulates the transcription of genes encoding key enzymes of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. Consequently, Ewing sarcoma is one of the tumors that expresses the highest levels of mevalonate pathway genes. Moreover, genome-wide screens indicate that MVA pathway genes constitute major dependencies of Ewing cells. Accordingly, the statin inhibitors of HMG-CoA-reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme of the MVA pathway, demonstrate cytotoxicity in EwS. Statins induce increased ROS and lipid peroxidation levels, as well as decreased membrane localization of prenylated proteins, such as small GTP proteins. These metabolic effects lead to an alteration in the dynamics of S-phase progression and to apoptosis. Statin-induced effects can be rescued by downstream products of the MVA pathway. Finally, we further show that statins impair tumor growth in different Ewing PDX models. Altogether, the data show that statins, which are off-patent, well-tolerated, and inexpensive compounds, should be strongly considered in the therapeutic arsenal against this deadly childhood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Buchou
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Karine Laud-Duval
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Wietske van der Ent
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Sandrine Grossetête
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Sakina Zaidi
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Géraldine Gentric
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Stress and Cancer Laboratory, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Maxime Corbé
- Department of Translational Research, The Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (M.C.); (K.M.); (E.D.N.)
| | - Kévin Müller
- Department of Translational Research, The Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (M.C.); (K.M.); (E.D.N.)
| | - Elaine Del Nery
- Department of Translational Research, The Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (M.C.); (K.M.); (E.D.N.)
| | - Didier Surdez
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
- Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Delattre
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Oxidative and Antioxidative Status Expressed as OSI Index and GSH/GSSG Ratio in Children with Bone Tumors after Anticancer Therapy Completion. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061663. [PMID: 35329989 PMCID: PMC8955670 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims. There are no data on the redox status of children with bone tumors in complete disease remission. Therefore, the presented study examined the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, total oxidant capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values as well as the oxidative stress index (OSI) for assessing alterations in the oxidant/antioxidant balance in 35 children with osteosarcoma or Ewing’s sarcoma after anticancer therapy completion (median 14 months) compared with a control group. Methods. GSH, GSSG, TOC, TAC concentrations and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) activity were evaluated by immunoenzymatic (ELISA) and enzymatic methods. Results. We found no differences in serum BALP activity between all survivors with bone tumors and the control group. Patients with osteosarcoma after anticancer therapy completion had significantly higher values of TAC, GSH and the GSH/GSSG ratio as well as GSSG than healthy subjects. In patients with Ewing’s sarcoma, we found significantly higher values of TOC concentration compared with healthy children. In addition, survivors with Ewing’s sarcoma had higher TOC concentrations and OSI index values (p < 0.01), but a lower GSH/GSSG ratio (p < 0.05) than survivors with osteosarcoma. A positive correlation between TOC and the post-therapy period was observed in survivors. Conclusions. We found that in survivors with bone tumors, a disturbed balance between prooxidants and antioxidants persists after the completion of anticancer treatment. Moreover, an increased TOC value together with the post-therapy period may suggest increasing oxidative processes in survivors with bone tumors after treatment. Further observations will allow assessment of the relationship between the oxidant/antioxidant status and the predisposition of survivors to bone neoplastic disease recurrence.
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Chen L, Wang BZ, Xie J, Zhang RY, Jin C, Chen WK, Fang KH, Hong CX, Xu TH, Huang CB, Yang L, Weng SJ. Therapeutic effect of SIRT3 on glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head via intracellular oxidative suppression. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:228-240. [PMID: 34260898 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GIONFH) is a serious complication after long-term or excess administration of clinical glucocorticoids intervention, and the pathogenic mechanisms underlying have not been clarified yet. Oxidative stress is considered as a major cause of bone homeostasis disorder. This study is aimed to explore the potential relevance between SIRT3 and GIONFH, as well as the effect of resveratrol, which has been reported for its role in SIRT3 activation, on dexamethasone-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial compromise in bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). In this study, our data showed that SIRT3 level was declined in GIONFH rat femoral head, corresponding to a resultant decrease of SIRT3 expression in dexamethasone-treated BMSCs in vitro. We also found that dexamethasone could result in oxidative injury in BMSCs, and resveratrol treatment reduced this deleterious effect via a SIRT3-dependent manner. Moreover, our results demonstrated that rewarding effect of resveratrol on BMSCs osteogenic differentiation was via activation of AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 axis. Meanwhile, resveratrol administration prevented the occurrence of GIONFH, enhanced SIRT3 expression and reduced oxidative level in GIONFH model rats. Therefore, our study provides basic evidence that SIRT3 may be a promising therapeutic target for GIONFH treatment and resveratrol could be an ideal agent for clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing-Zhang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ri-Yan Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Kai Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Kang-Hao Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen-Xuan Hong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian-Hao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - She-Ji Weng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Chen K, Liu Y, He J, Pavlos N, Wang C, Kenny J, Yuan J, Zhang Q, Xu J, He W. Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head reveals enhanced reactive oxygen species and hyperactive osteoclasts. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1888-1900. [PMID: 32398957 PMCID: PMC7211180 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.40917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a progressive bone disorder which typically results in femoral head collapse and hip joint dysfunction. It is well-accepted that abnormal osteoclast activity contributes to loss of bone structural integrity and subchondral fracture in ONFH. However, the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the recruitment and hyperactivation of osteoclasts in ONFH remain incompletely understood. We assessed the changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and subsequent osteoclast alterations in steroid-induced osteonecrotic femoral heads from both patients and rat ONFH models. When compared with healthy neighboring bone, the necrotic region of human femoral head was characterized by robust up-regulated expression of osteoclast-related proteins [cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)] but pronounced down-regulation of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase [γ-GCSc], and superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD1]). In addition, the ratio of TNFSF11 (encoding RANKL)/TNFRSF11B (encoding OPG) was increased within the necrotic bone. Consistently, in rat ONFH models induced by methylprednisolone (MPSL) and imiquimod (IMI), significant bone loss in the femoral head was observed, attributable to increased numbers of TRAP positive osteoclasts. Furthermore, the decreased expression of antioxidant enzymes observed by immunoblotting was accompanied by increased ex-vivo ROS fluorescence signals of dihydroethidium (DHE) in rat ONFH models. Therefore, this study lends support to the rationale that antioxidant agents may be a promising therapeutic avenue to prevent or mitigate the progression of steroid-induced ONFH by inhibiting ROS level and hyperactive osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yuhao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.,Department of Joint Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Jianbo He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Nathan Pavlos
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jacob Kenny
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jinbo Yuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Department of Joint Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.,Department of Joint Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Joint Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China.,Research Institute of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510378, China
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5
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Hosseinabadi MB, Khanjani N. The Effect of Extremely Low‐Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on the Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Role of Oxidative Stress. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 40:354-360. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research CentreKerman University of Medical SciencesKerman Iran
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β3-Adrenoreceptor Activity Limits Apigenin Efficacy in Ewing Sarcoma Cells: A Dual Approach to Prevent Cell Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092149. [PMID: 31052299 PMCID: PMC6540192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing Sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive paediatric tumour where oxidative stress and antioxidants play a central role in cancer therapy response. Inhibiting antioxidants expression, while at the same time elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, have been proposed as a valid strategy to overcome ES cancer progression. Flavonoid intake can affect free radical and nutritional status in children receiving cancer treatment, but it is not clear if it can arrest cancer progression. In particular, apigenin may enhance the effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy by inducing cell growth arrest, apoptosis, and by altering the redox state of the cells. Little is known about the use of apigenin in paediatric cancer. Recently, β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) antagonism has been proposed as a possible strategy in cancer therapy for its ability to induce apoptosis by increasing intracellular levels of ROS. In this study we show that apigenin induces cell death in ES cells by modulating apoptosis, but not increasing ROS content. Since ES cells are susceptible to an increased oxidative stress to reduce cell viability, here we demonstrate that administration of β3-ARs antagonist, SR59230A, improves the apigenin effect on cell death, identifying β3-AR as a potential discriminating factor that could address the use of apigenin in ES.
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Herrero Martín D, Boro A, Schäfer BW. Cell-based small-molecule compound screen identifies fenretinide as potential therapeutic for translocation-positive rhabdomyosarcoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55072. [PMID: 23372815 PMCID: PMC3555977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of paediatric sarcomas are characterized by chromosomal translocations encoding specific oncogenic transcription factors. Such fusion proteins represent tumor specific therapeutic targets although so far it has not been possible to directly inhibit their activity by small-molecule compounds. In this study, we hypothesized that screening a small-molecule library might identify already existing drugs that are able to modulate the transcriptional activity of PAX3/FOXO1, the fusion protein specifically found in the pediatric tumor alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS). Towards this end, we established a reporter cell line based on the well characterized PAX3/FOXO1 target gene AP2ß. A library enriched in mostly FDA approved drugs was screened using specific luciferase activity as read-out and normalized for cell viability. The most effective inhibitor identified from this screen was Fenretinide. Treatment with this compound resulted in down-regulation of PAX3/FOXO1 mRNA and protein levels as well as in reduced expression of several of its direct target genes, but not of wild-type FOXO1, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, fenretinide induced reactive oxygen species and apoptosis as shown by caspase 9 and PARP cleavage and upregulated miR-9. Importantly, it demonstrated a significant anti-tumor effect in vivo. These results are similar to earlier reports for two other pediatric tumors, namely neuroblastoma and Ewing sarcoma, where fenretinide is under clinical development. Our results suggest that fenretinide might represent a novel treatment option also for translocation-positive rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Herrero Martín
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Cooper JP, Bang S, Singh H, Williams SC, Kang MH. Fenretinide cytotoxicity is independent of both constitutive and pharmacologically modulated glutathione levels in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells cultured at hypoxia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58:994-7. [PMID: 22532987 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fenretinide (4-HPR) cytotoxicity relative to glutathione levels in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines cultured at bone marrow level hypoxia (5% O2) is evaluated. 4-HPR cytotoxicity correlated with reactive oxygen species generation (P < 0.001),but not with levels of intracellular glutathione, g-glutamylcysteine synthase, or glutathione peroxidase. Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)reduced glutathione levels in 10 cell lines (P < 0.001), but 4-HPR þ BSO was markedly synergistic in only 1 of 10 lines. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine increased glutathione (P < 0.02)but did not alter 4-HPR cytotoxicity. Our data suggest that 4-HPR cytotoxicity is independent of glutathione under physiologic oxygen tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Cooper
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University HealthSciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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9
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Heterogeneous role of the glutathione antioxidant system in modulating the response of ESFT to fenretinide in normoxia and hypoxia. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28558. [PMID: 22174837 PMCID: PMC3234283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is implicated in drug resistance mechanisms of several cancers and is a key regulator of cell death pathways within cells. We studied Ewing's sarcoma family of tumours (ESFT) cell lines and three mechanistically distinct anticancer agents (fenretinide, doxorubicin, and vincristine) to investigate whether the GSH antioxidant system is involved in the reduced sensitivity to these chemotherapeutic agents in hypoxia. Cell viability and death were assessed by the trypan blue exclusion assay and annexin V-PI staining, respectively. Hypoxia significantly decreased the sensitivity of all ESFT cell lines to fenretinide-induced death, whereas the effect of doxorubicin or vincristine was marginal and cell-line-specific. The response of the GSH antioxidant system in ESFT cell lines to hypoxia was variable and also cell-line-specific, although the level of GSH appeared to be most dependent on de novo biosynthesis rather than recycling. RNAi-mediated knockdown of key GSH regulatory enzymes γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase or glutathione disulfide reductase partially reversed the hypoxia-induced resistance to fenretinide, and increasing GSH levels using N-acetylcysteine augmented the hypoxia-induced resistance in a cell line-specific manner. These observations are consistent with the conclusion that the role of the GSH antioxidant system in modulating the sensitivity of ESFT cells to fenretinide is heterogeneous depending on environment and cell type. This is likely to limit the value of targeting GSH as a therapeutic strategy to overcome hypoxia-induced drug resistance in ESFT. Whether targeting the GSH antioxidant system in conjunction with other therapeutics may benefit some patients with ESFT remains to be seen.
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Cuperus R, van Kuilenburg ABP, Leen R, Bras J, Caron HN, Tytgat GAM. Promising effects of the 4HPR-BSO combination in neuroblastoma monolayers and spheroids. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1213-20. [PMID: 21741474 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the efficacy of fenretinide (4HPR)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neuroblastoma, 4HPR was combined with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, in neuroblastoma cell lines and spheroids, the latter being a three-dimensional tumor model. 4HPR exposure (2.5-10 μM, 24 h) resulted in ROS induction (114-633%) and increased GSH levels (68-120%). A GSH depletion of 80% of basal levels was observed in the presence of BSO (25-100 μM, 24 h). The 4HPR-BSO combination resulted in slightly increased ROS levels (1.1- to 1.3-fold) accompanied by an increase in cytotoxicity (110-150%) compared to 4HPR treatment alone. A correlation was observed between the ROS-inducing capacity of each cell line and the increase in cytotoxicity induced by 4HPR-BSO compared to 4HPR. No significant correlation between baseline antioxidant levels and sensitivity to 4HPR or BSO was observed. In spheroids, 4HPR-BSO induced a strong synergistic growth retardation and induction of apoptosis. Our data show that BSO increased the cytotoxic effects of 4HPR in neuroblastoma monolayers and spheroids in ROS-producing cell lines. This indicates that the 4HPR-BSO combination might be a promising new strategy in the treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos Cuperus
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases and Department of Pediatrics/Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Smith DG, Magwere T, Burchill SA. Oxidative stress and therapeutic opportunities: focus on the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2011; 11:229-49. [PMID: 21342042 DOI: 10.1586/era.10.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive by-products of energy production that can have detrimental as well as beneficial effects. Unchecked, high levels of ROS result in an imbalance of cellular redox state and oxidative stress. High levels of ROS have been detected in most cancers, where they promote tumor development and progression. Many anticancer agents work by further increasing cellular levels of ROS, to overcome the antioxidant detoxification capacity of the cancer cell and induce cell death. However, adaptation of the level of cellular antioxidants can lead to drug resistance. The challenge for the design of effective cancer therapeutics exploiting oxidative stress is to tip the cellular redox balance to induce ROS-dependent cell death but without increasing the antioxidant activity of the cancer cell or inducing toxicity in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle G Smith
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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Boivin A, Hanot M, Malesys C, Maalouf M, Rousson R, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C, Ardail D. Transient alteration of cellular redox buffering before irradiation triggers apoptosis in head and neck carcinoma stem and non-stem cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14558. [PMID: 21283807 PMCID: PMC3023721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive and recurrent malignancy owing to intrinsic radioresistance and lack of induction of apoptosis. The major focus of this work was to design a transient glutathione depleting strategy during the course of irradiation of HNSCC in order to overcome their radioresistance associated with redox adaptation. Methodology/Principal Findings Treatment of SQ20B cells with dimethylfumarate (DMF), a GSH-depleting agent, and L-Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis 4 h before a 10 Gy irradiation led to the lowering of the endogenous GSH content to less than 10% of that in control cells and to the triggering of radiation-induced apoptotic cell death. The sequence of biochemical events after GSH depletion and irradiation included ASK-1 followed by JNK activation which resulted in the triggering of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway through Bax translocation to mitochondria. Conclusions This transient GSH depletion also triggered radiation-induced cell death in SQ20B stem cells, a key event to overcome locoregional recurrence of HNSCC. Finally, our in vivo data highlight the relevance for further clinical trials of endogenous redox modulation to enhance the cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Boivin
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon-I, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EA-3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France
| | - Maité Hanot
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon-I, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EA-3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France
| | - Céline Malesys
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon-I, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EA-3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France
| | - Mira Maalouf
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon-I, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EA-3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France
| | | | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon-I, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EA-3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Ardail
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon-I, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EA-3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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Wauquier F, Leotoing L, Coxam V, Guicheux J, Wittrant Y. Oxidative stress in bone remodelling and disease. Trends Mol Med 2009; 15:468-77. [PMID: 19811952 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is characterised by an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that disrupts the intracellular reduction-oxidation (redox) balance. Although initially shown to be involved in aging, physiological roles for ROS in regulating cell functions and mediating intracellular signals have emerged. In bone tissues, recent studies have demonstrated that ROS generation is a key modulator of bone cell function and that oxidative status influences the pathophysiology of mineralised tissues. Here, we review the crucial role of oxidative stress in bone pathophysiology, and discuss the possibility that ROS production might be a relevant therapeutic target under certain conditions. Further studies will be needed to investigate whether manipulation of the redox balance in bone cells represents a useful approach in the design of future therapies for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Wauquier
- Inra, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, F-63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, France
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14
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Luo W, Gangwal K, Sankar S, Boucher KM, Thomas D, Lessnick SL. GSTM4 is a microsatellite-containing EWS/FLI target involved in Ewing's sarcoma oncogenesis and therapeutic resistance. Oncogene 2009; 28:4126-32. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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