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Mohtasham N, Zarepoor M, Shooshtari Z, Hesari KK, Mohajertehran F. Genes involved in metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1977. [PMID: 38665153 PMCID: PMC11043498 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancy in the oral cavity, with a significant mortality rate. In oral squamous cell carcinoma patients, the survival rate could decrease because of delayed diagnosis. Thus, prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment can effectively increase the survival rate in patients. In this systematic review, we discussed the role of different genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis. Herein, we aimed to summarize clinical results, regarding the potential genes that promote oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis. Methods This systematic review was carried out under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. An electronic search for all relevant articles published in English between January 2018 and April 2022 was performed using Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar search engines. All original studies published in English were included, and we excluded studies that were in a non-English language. Results A total of 4682 articles were found, of which 14 were relevant and detected significant genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma progression. These findings investigated the overexpression of interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 3 (IFIT1, IFT3), high-mobility group A2 (HMGA2), transformed growth factor-beta-induced, lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP), bromodomain containing 4, COP9 signaling complex 6, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2B1 (HNRNPA2B1), 5'-3' exoribonuclease 2 (XRN2), cystatin-A (CSTA), fibroblast growth factors 8 (FGF8), forkhead box P3, cadherin-3, also known as P-cadherin and Wnt family member 5A, ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 7, and retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 genes lead to promote metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Overexpression of some genes (IFIT1, 3, LGALS3BP, HMGA2, HNRNPA2B1, XRN2, CSTA, and FGF8) was proven to be correlated with poor survival rates in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Conclusion Studies suggest that metastatic genes indicate a poor prognosis for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Detecting these metastatic genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients may be of predictive value and can also facilitate assessing oral squamous cell carcinoma development and its response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Mohtasham
- Dental Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial PathologySchool of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Marzieh Zarepoor
- Dental Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Zahra Shooshtari
- Dental Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Kiana Kamyab Hesari
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine StudentSciences and Research UniversityTehranIran
| | - Farnaz Mohajertehran
- Dental Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial PathologySchool of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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2
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Hou H, Tang Y, Coole JB, Kortum A, Schwarz RA, Carns J, Gillenwater AM, Ramalingam P, Milbourne A, Salcedo MP, Schmeler KM, Richards-Kortum RR. Scanning darkfield high-resolution microendoscope for label-free microvascular imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5097-5112. [PMID: 37854554 PMCID: PMC10581811 DOI: 10.1364/boe.498584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of microvascular changes during neoplastic progression has the potential to assist in discriminating precancer and early cancer from benign lesions. Here, we introduce a novel high-resolution microendoscope that leverages scanning darkfield reflectance imaging to characterize angiogenesis without exogenous contrast agents. Scanning darkfield imaging is achieved by coupling programmable illumination with a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera rolling shutter, eliminating the need for complex optomechanical components and making the system portable, low-cost (<$5,500) and simple to use. Imaging depth is extended by placing a gradient-index (GRIN) lens at the distal end of the imaging fiber to resolve subepithelial microvasculature. We validated the capability of the scanning darkfield microendoscope to visualize microvasculature at different anatomic sites in vivo by imaging the oral cavity of healthy volunteers. Images of cervical specimens resected for suspected neoplasia reveal distinct microvascular patterns in columnar and squamous epithelium with different grades of precancer, indicating the potential of scanning darkfield microendoscopy to aid in efforts to prevent cervical cancer through early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Hou
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Yubo Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jackson B. Coole
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Alex Kortum
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Carns
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Ann M. Gillenwater
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Preetha Ramalingam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrea Milbourne
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mila P. Salcedo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)/Santa Casa Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kathleen M. Schmeler
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Xing L, Feng Z, Nie H, Liu M, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhou H. Research progress and clinical application prospects of miRNAs in oral cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10653-10665. [PMID: 35725854 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and it is also one of the most important and difficult clinical problems to be solved. Due to the regional differences in diet culture, some areas have taken the 'hardest hit' of oral cancer cases. However, the existing clinical treatment methods (surgery as the main treatment method, radiotherapy and chemotherapy as the auxiliary ones) do not have satisfactory treatment effects; therefore, new diagnosis and treatment methods need to be developed and utilized. Micro RNAs (miRNAs), as a class of substances that play an important regulatory role in the development of tumors, have an important value in the diagnosis and treatment of various tumors. At the same time, many miRNAs have obvious expression differences in oral cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. Therefore, they may have diagnostic and therapeutic effects on oral cancer. In this review, we evaluate the miRNAs that play a regulatory role in the development of oral cancer and those that are expected to be applied in the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer. At the same time, we summarize the important challenges that need to be addressed, aiming to provide evidence and suggestions for the application of miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xing
- Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Yali Liu
- Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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Sasahira T, Kurihara-Shimomura M, Shimojjukoku Y, Shima K, Kirita T. Searching for New Molecular Targets for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with a View to Clinical Implementation of Precision Medicine. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030413. [PMID: 35330413 PMCID: PMC8954939 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is the eighth most common malignancy globally and is characterized by local invasiveness and high nodal metastatic potential. The OSCC incidence is also increasing, and the number of deaths is also rising steadily in Japan. The development of molecular markers to eradicate OSCC is an urgent issue for humankind. The increase in OSCC despite the declining smoking rate may be due to several viral infections through various sexual activities and the involvement of previously unfocused carcinogens, and genetic alterations in individual patients are considered to be more complicated. Given this situation, it is difficult to combat OSCC with conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy using cell-killing anticancer drugs alone, and the development of precision medicine, which aims to provide tailor-made medicine based on the genetic background of each patient, is gaining attention. In this review article, the current status of the comprehensive search for driver genes and biomarkers in OSCC will be briefly described, and some of the candidates for novel markers of OSCC that were found will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Oral Pathology and Oncology, Field of Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Miyako Kurihara-Shimomura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (M.K.-S.); (T.K.)
| | - Yudai Shimojjukoku
- Department of Molecular Oral Pathology and Oncology, Field of Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Kaori Shima
- Department of Molecular Oral Pathology and Oncology, Field of Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (M.K.-S.); (T.K.)
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Xu Y, Jiang E, Shao Z, Shang Z. LncRNA FENDRR in Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts Regulates the Angiogenesis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:616576. [PMID: 34327132 PMCID: PMC8315042 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.616576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for the development of tumors. Studies have shown that carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are involved in regulating tumor angiogenesis, but the mechanism remains unclear. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proved to play an important role in the angiogenesis of various tumors. However, there is currently no research involving the regulation of CAFs on the angiogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) mediated by lncRNAs. By analyzing microarray data, we identified that the expression of lncRNA FOXF1 adjacent noncoding developmental regulatory RNA (FENDRR) in OSCC patients is downregulated, compared to that in normal tissues. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results demonstrated that FENDRR expression is lower in CAFs compared to normal fibroblasts (NFs) of OSCC patients. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that some genes differentially expressed between CAFs and NFs of HNSCC patients are enriched to the PI3K/AKT pathway. Further experiments confirmed that the downregulation of FENDRR can activate the PI3K/AKT pathway in NFs and enhances the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). The overexpression of FENDRR had the opposite effect. Besides, we co-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with CAFs, and the tube-forming ability of HUVECs co-cultured with CAFs overexpressing FENDRR decreased significantly. However, activation of the AKT pathway of CAFs overexpressing FENDRR can weaken the inhibitory effect of FENDRR on angiogenesis. In summary, our experiments are focused on the influence of lncRNAs in CAFs on OSCC angiogenesis for the first time and prove that FENDRR mediates CAFs’ regulation of OSCC angiogenesis through the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Xu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Erhui Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Shao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head Neck Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengjun Shang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head Neck Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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6
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Sasahira T, Kurihara-Shimomura M, Shimomura H, Kirita T. SERPINE2 is an oral cancer-promoting factor that induces angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 26:1831-1839. [PMID: 34173120 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-01970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LEM domain containing 1 (LEMD1) is a novel factor involved in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We previously performed a microarray analysis and found that serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 2 (SERPINE2) is an LEMD1-related signal. SERPINE2 is an extracellular serine proteinase inhibitor with secretory capacity. Although SERPINE2 displays tumor-promoting properties in many cancers, some reports indicate that SRPINE2 also has a tumor-suppressing function. Therefore, there are many unclear points about its role in cancer. In this study, we investigated SERPINE2 expression in OSCC. METHODS The gene expression and secretion levels of SERPINE2 were examined in 42 frozen specimens of OSCC, and SERPINE2 immunostaining was investigated in 167 cases of OSCC. Furthermore, the effect of SERPINE2 on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis was analyzed using OSCC cells and endothelial cells. RESULTS In the frozen specimens, the gene expression (P < 0.0001) and secretion levels (P < 0.0001) of SERPINE2 were higher in OSCC than in the normal oral mucosa. According to the immunohistochemical analysis, SERPINE2 expression was correlated with the depth of invasion (P = 0.0163), nodal metastasis (P = 0.0085), microvessel density (P < 0.0001), and lymphovessel density (P < 0.0001). Additionally, univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the SERPINE2 expression level was an independent poor prognostic factor for OSCC. In vitro studies using OSCC cells revealed that SERPINE2 promotes angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SRPX2 might be a useful tumor marker for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan. .,Department of Oral Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8‑35‑1, Sakuragaoka, Kashihara, 890‑8544, Japan.
| | - Miyako Kurihara-Shimomura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimomura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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7
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Xu Y, Jiang E, Shao Z, Shang Z. Long Noncoding RNAs in the Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:616717. [PMID: 33520725 PMCID: PMC7845733 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.616717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide. Metastasis is the main cause of the death of OSCC patients. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), one of the key factors affecting OSCC metastasis, are a subtype of RNA with a length of more than 200 nucleotides that has little or no coding potential. In recent years, the important role played by lncRNAs in biological processes, such as chromatin modification, transcription regulation, RNA stability regulation, and mRNA translation, has been gradually revealed. More and more studies have shown that lncRNAs can regulate the metastasis of various tumors including OSCC at epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. In this review, we mainly discussed the role and possible mechanisms of lncRNAs in OSCC metastasis. Most lncRNAs act as oncogenes and only a few lncRNAs have been shown to inhibit OSCC metastasis. Besides, we briefly introduced the research status of cancer-associated fibroblasts-related lncRNAs in OSCC metastasis. Finally, we discussed the research prospects of lncRNAs-mediated crosstalk between OSCC cells and the tumor microenvironment in OSCC metastasis, especially the potential research value of exosomes and lymphangiogenesis. In general, lncRNAs are expected to be used for screening, treatment, and prognosis monitoring of OSCC metastasis, but more work is still required to better understand the biological function of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Xu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Erhui Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Shao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengjun Shang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Md Yusof K, Rosli R, Abdullah M, Avery-Kiejda KA. The Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Tumor-Associated Lymphangiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113290. [PMID: 33172072 PMCID: PMC7694641 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The lymphatic system plays key roles in the bodies’ defence against disease, including cancer. The expansion of this system is termed lymphangiogenesis and it is orchestrated by factors and conditions within the microenvironment. One approach to prevent cancer progression is by interfering with these microenvironment factors that promote this process and that facilitate the spread of cancer cells to distant organs. One of these factors are non-coding RNAs. This review will summarize recent findings of the distinct roles played by non-coding RNAs in the lymphatic system within normal tissues and tumours. Understanding the mechanisms involved in this process can provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention for inhibiting the spread of cancer. Abstract Lymphatic vessels are regarded as the ”forgotten” circulation. Despite this, growing evidence has shown significant roles for the lymphatic circulation in normal and pathological conditions in humans, including cancers. The dissemination of tumor cells to other organs is often mediated by lymphatic vessels that serve as a conduit and is often referred to as tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis. Some of the most well-studied lymphangiogenic factors that govern tumor lymphangiogenesis are the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-C/D and VEGFR-2/3), neuroplilin-2 (NRP2), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), to name a few. However, recent findings have illustrated that non-coding RNAs are significantly involved in regulating gene expression in most biological processes, including lymphangiogenesis. In this review, we focus on the regulation of growth factors and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the lymphatic development in normal and cancer physiology. Then, we discuss the lymphangiogenic factors that necessitate tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis, with regards to ncRNAs in various types of cancer. Understanding the different roles of ncRNAs in regulating lymphatic vasculature in normal and cancer conditions may pave the way towards the development of ncRNA-based anti-lymphangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnisa’ Md Yusof
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.M.Y.); (R.R.)
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Medical Genetics, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.M.Y.); (R.R.)
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Kelly A. Avery-Kiejda
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Medical Genetics, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Correspondence:
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9
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Sasahira T, Kurihara-Shimomura M, Nishiguchi Y, Shimomura H, Kirita T. Sushi Repeat Containing Protein X-linked 2 Is a Downstream Signal of LEM Domain Containing 1 and Acts as a Tumor-Promoting Factor in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103655. [PMID: 32455867 PMCID: PMC7279144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Because oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) have a high potential for locoregional invasion and nodal metastasis, early detection and treatment are essential. A LAP2, emerin, MAN1 (LEM) domain containing 1 (LEMD1) is associated with local progression, clinical stage, nodal metastasis, poor prognosis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis in OSCC. Although LEMD is a cancer-testis antigen, the cancer-related signals related to LEMD1 remain unknown. In this study, we used a microarray analysis of OSCC cells to identify sushi repeat containing protein X-linked 2 (SRPX2) as a LEMD1-related downstream signal. LEMD1 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis of OSCC according to the immunohistochemistry analysis. Furthermore, patients expressing SRPX2 had a significantly worse prognosis than those without SRPX2 expression. The concentration of SRPX2 in OSCC was positively correlated with the concentrations of LEMD1, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In OSCC cells, SRPX2 secretion levels were elevated by interactions with uPAR and HGF. We also found that SRPX2 promotes endothelial cell proliferation and adhesion between endothelial cells and OSCC cells. These results suggest that SRPX2 might be a useful tumor marker for OSCC.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/mortality
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Prognosis
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (M.K.-S.); (Y.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-744-29-8849; Fax: +81-744-25-7308
| | - Miyako Kurihara-Shimomura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (M.K.-S.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (H.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Yukiko Nishiguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (M.K.-S.); (Y.N.)
| | - Hiroyuki Shimomura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (H.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (H.S.); (T.K.)
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Kurihara-Shimomura M, Sasahira T, Shimomura H, Bosserhoff AK, Kirita T. Mast cell chymase promotes angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis mediated by activation of melanoma inhibitory activity gene family members in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1093-1100. [PMID: 32319583 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are present in the tumor stroma, and MCs that express the mast cell‑specific proteases tryptase and chymase (MCTC) exhibit several tumor‑related functions. It was previously reported that melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) gene family members, including MIA, MIA2, and transport and Golgi organization protein 1 (TANGO), possess oncogenic functions in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the relationships between MCTC, and clinicopathological characteristics and activation of the MIA gene family in OSCC remain unknown. In the present study, the functional roles of MCTC in patients with OSCC were investigated using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. In addition, the effects of extracellular chymase on oral cancer cells were examined. In patients with OSCC, MCTC density was significantly affected by tumor progression and nodal metastasis, and was correlated with vessel density. MCTC density was also correlated with MIA and MIA2 expression. In OSCC cells, extracellular chymase promoted the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor family proteins, and the transmigration and adhesion of HSC3 cells to endothelial cells; knockdown of MIA, MIA2 and TANGO attenuated these effects. The present findings indicated that MCTC act as tumor‑progressive factors in OSCC via the activation and secretion of MIA and MIA2, and the induction of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634‑8521, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimomura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634‑8521, Japan
| | - Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute for Biochemistry, Friedrich‑Alexander University Erlangen‑Nürnberg, D‑91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634‑8521, Japan
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11
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Non-SMC Condensin I Complex Subunit H (NCAPH) Is Associated with Lymphangiogenesis and Drug Resistance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010072. [PMID: 31892156 PMCID: PMC7019401 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and neck cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is the sixth most common malignancy. OSCC has strong invasive ability, and its malignant potential is closely associated with local expansion and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, local or nodal recurrence worsens OSCC prognosis. In our previous cDNA microarray analysis, non-structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) condensin I complex subunit H (NCAPH) was identified as an upregulated gene in recurrent OSCC. Although NCAPH has several functions in tumors, its role in OSCC is unknown. Methods: In this study, we examined NCAPH expression in OSCC and performed a functional analysis of human OSCC cells. Results: NCAPH expression was higher in OSCC than in normal oral mucosa. In immunohistochemistry using 142 OSCC specimens, the immunostaining of NCAPH was strongly associated with nodal metastasis and lymphatic infiltration. In multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model, NCAPH expression was an independent poor prognostic indicator for OSCC. Moreover, NCAPH promoted the migration and adhesion of endothelial cells to OSCC cells and promoted the resistance to platinum anticancer drugs. Conclusions: Our present findings suggest that NCAPH is a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target in OSCC.
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12
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Almahmoudi R, Kasanen M, Sieviläinen M, Salem A, Pirinen M, Salo T, Al-Samadi A. Prognostic value of blood and lymphatic vessel markers in tongue cancer: A systematic review. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3424-3433. [PMID: 31495050 PMCID: PMC6824997 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) has a poor prognosis due to its early metastasis through blood and lymphatic vessels. We undertook a systematic review to investigate the prognostic significance of blood microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in TSCC patients. We carried out a systematic search in Ovid Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane libraries. All studies that evaluated the prognostic significance of MVD/LVD markers in TSCC were systematically retrieved. Our results showed that MVD/LVD markers, CD31, CD34, CD105, factor VIII, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor‐1, and D2‐40 were evaluated in TSCC patients until 28 June 2018. Six out of 13 studies reported markers that were associated with poor prognosis in TSCC. Two out of three studies suggested that a high number of D2‐40+ vessels predicated low overall survival (OS); the third study reported that the ratio of D2‐40+ over factor VIII+ vessels is associated with low OS. Most of the other markers had controversial results for prognostication. We found higher expression of MVD/LVD markers were commonly, but not always, associated with shorter survival in TSCC patients. It is therefore not currently possible to recommend implementation of these markers as reliable prognosticators in clinical practice. More studies (especially for D2‐40) with larger patient cohorts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeia Almahmoudi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merimaija Kasanen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Meri Sieviläinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Abdelhakim Salem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,HUS, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahmed Al-Samadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Cao MX, Tang YL, Zhang WL, Tang YJ, Liang XH. Non-coding RNAs as Regulators of Lymphangiogenesis in Lymphatic Development, Inflammation, and Cancer Metastasis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:916. [PMID: 31616631 PMCID: PMC6763613 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which do not encode proteins, have pivotal roles in manipulating gene expression in development, physiology, and pathology. Emerging data have shown that ncRNAs can regulate lymphangiogenesis, which refers to lymphatics deriving from preexisting vessels, becomes established during embryogenesis, and has a close relationship with pathological conditions such as lymphatic developmental diseases, inflammation, and cancer. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis in lymphatic development, inflammation and cancer metastasis, and discusses ncRNAs' regulatory effects on them. Therapeutic targets with regard to lymphangiogenesis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is most serious reasons of women death around worldwide result in increasing its morbidity and mortality. MicroRNAs are considered as significant regulators of cancer biological processes. The main aim of this study is restoration of miR-126 could lead to modulate breast cell line and impairs their proliferation by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor gene (VEGF-A). Methods: Breast cancer cell line (MCF7) was transfected by miR-126 lipofectamine and negative miR control for 24 hr. Cytotoxic effects of miR-126 lipofectamine were determined by cell viability assay. Cell proliferation and cell cycle were quantitatively measured using PicoGreen assay and DAPI stain-flow cytometer analysis. For further investigation, Taq-Man real time PCR assay was performed to detect relative VEGF-A and miRNA-126 level. Results: MiR-126 was overexpressed in treated breast cancer cell (MCF7) compared with control cells. miR-126 expression has been associated –with a decrease in cell proliferation and arrested MCF7 cells at G1 phase. The study found that vascular endothelial growth factor is regulated by miR-126. Hence, VEGF-A is considered as functional vital and direct target to miR-126 in breast cancer cell line (MCF7). Conclusions: This study provided that manipulated miR-126 level may suggest a novel therapeutic approach in breast cancer treatment. However, an animal models study is needed to address and prove predictive ability of miR-126 on breast cancer controlling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Alhasan
- Department of Biology, College Education for Pure Sciences, Thi-Qar University, Nasiriya, Iraq. :
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15
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Kurihara-Shimomura M, Sasahira T, Nakashima C, Kuniyasu H, Shimomura H, Kirita T. The Multifarious Functions of Pyruvate Kinase M2 in Oral Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102907. [PMID: 30257458 PMCID: PMC6213602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), are the sixth most common malignancies worldwide. OSCC frequently leads to oral dysfunction, which worsens a patient’s quality of life. Moreover, its prognosis remains poor. Unlike normal cells, tumor cells preferentially metabolize glucose by aerobic glycolysis. Pyruvate kinase (PK) catalyzes the final step in glycolysis, and the transition from PKM1 to PKM2 is observed in many cancer cells. However, little is known about PKM expression and function in OSCC. In this study, we investigated the expression of PKM in OSCC specimens and performed a functional analysis of human OSCC cells. We found that the PKM2/PKM1 ratio was higher in OSCC cells than in adjacent normal mucosal cells and in samples obtained from dysplasia patients. Furthermore, PKM2 expression was strongly correlated with OSCC tumor progression on immunohistochemistry. PKM2 expression was higher during cell growth, invasion, and apoptosis in HSC3 cells, which show a high energy flow and whose metabolism depends on aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. PKM2 expression was also associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and integration of glutamine into lactate. Our results suggested that PKM2 has a variety of tumor progressive functions in OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Kurihara-Shimomura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Chie Nakashima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Shimomura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
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16
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Hallmarks of Cancer-Related Newly Prognostic Factors of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082413. [PMID: 30115834 PMCID: PMC6121568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is the sixth leading malignancy worldwide. OSCC is an aggressive tumor and its prognosis has exhibited little improvement in the last three decades. Comprehensive elucidation of OSCC's molecular mechanism is imperative for early detection and treatment, improving patient survival. Based on broadly accepted notions, OSCC arises from multiple genetic alterations caused by chronic exposure to carcinogens. In 2011, research revealed 10 key alterations fundamental to cancer cell development: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, avoiding immune destruction, activating invasion and metastasis, tumor-promoting inflammation, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, genome instability and mutation, resisting cell death, and deregulating energetics. This review describes molecular pathological findings on conventional and novel hallmarks of OSCC prognostic factors. In addition, the review summarizes the functions and roles of several molecules as novel OSCC prognosticators.
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17
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Bayci AWL, Baker DA, Somerset AE, Turkoglu O, Hothem Z, Callahan RE, Mandal R, Han B, Bjorndahl T, Wishart D, Bahado-Singh R, Graham SF, Keidan R. Metabolomic identification of diagnostic serum-based biomarkers for advanced stage melanoma. Metabolomics 2018; 14:105. [PMID: 30830422 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melanoma is a highly aggressive malignancy and is currently one of the fastest growing cancers worldwide. While early stage (I and II) disease is highly curable with excellent prognosis, mortality rates rise dramatically after distant spread. We sought to identify differences in the metabolome of melanoma patients to further elucidate the pathophysiology of melanoma and identify potential biomarkers to aid in earlier detection of recurrence. METHODS Using 1H NMR and DI-LC-MS/MS, we profiled serum samples from 26 patients with stage III (nodal metastasis) or stage IV (distant metastasis) melanoma and compared their biochemical profiles with 46 age- and gender-matched controls. RESULTS We accurately quantified 181 metabolites in serum using a combination of 1H NMR and DI-LC-MS/MS. We observed significant separation between cases and controls in the PLS-DA scores plot (permutation test p-value = 0.002). Using the concentrations of PC-aa-C40:3, DL-carnitine, octanoyl-L-carnitine, ethanol, and methylmalonyl-L-carnitine we developed a diagnostic algorithm with an AUC (95% CI) = 0.822 (0.665-0.979) with sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 56%, respectively. Furthermore, we identified arginine, proline, tryptophan, glutamine, glutamate, glutathione and ornithine metabolism to be significantly perturbed due to disease (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Targeted metabolomic analysis demonstrated significant differences in metabolic profiles of advanced stage (III and IV) melanoma patients as compared to controls. These differences may represent a potential avenue for the development of multi-marker serum-based assays for earlier detection of recurrences, allow for newer, more effective targeted therapy when tumor burden is less, and further elucidate the pathophysiologic changes that occur in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W L Bayci
- Department of General Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - D A Baker
- Department of General Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Beaumont Health, 3601 W. 13 Mile Rd., Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA.
| | - A E Somerset
- Department of General Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - O Turkoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Z Hothem
- Department of General Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - R E Callahan
- Department of General Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - R Mandal
- Department of Biological and Computing Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - B Han
- Department of Biological and Computing Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - T Bjorndahl
- Department of Biological and Computing Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D Wishart
- Department of Biological and Computing Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R Bahado-Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - S F Graham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - R Keidan
- Department of General Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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18
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Sasahira T, Bosserhoff AK, Kirita T. The importance of melanoma inhibitory activity gene family in the tumor progression of oral cancer. Pathol Int 2018; 68:278-286. [PMID: 29655307 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma has a high potential for locoregional invasion and nodal metastasis. Consequently, early detection of such malignancies is of immense importance. The melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) gene family comprises MIA, MIA2, transport and Golgi organization protein 1 (TANGO), and otoraplin (OTOR). These members of the MIA gene family have a highly conserved Src homology 3 (SH3)-like structure. Although the molecules of this family share 34-45% amino acid homology and 47-59% cDNA sequence homology, those members, excluding OTOR, play different tumor-associated functions. MIA has a pivotal role in the progression and metastasis of melanoma; MIA2 and TANGO have been suggested to possess tumor-suppressive functions; and OTOR is uniquely expressed in cochlea of the inner ear. Therefore, the definite functions of the MIA gene family in cancer cells remain unclear. Since the members of the MIA gene family are secreted proteins, these molecules might be useful tumor markers that can be detected in the body fluids, including serum and saliva. In this review, we described the molecular biological functions of the MIA gene family in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute for Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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19
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Sasahira T, Nishiguchi Y, Kurihara-Shimomura M, Nakashima C, Kuniyasu H, Kirita T. NIPA-like domain containing 1 is a novel tumor-promoting factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:875-882. [PMID: 29464350 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In our previous global gene expression analysis, we identified NIPA-like domain containing 1 (NIPAL1), which encodes a magnesium transporter, as one of the most overexpressed genes in recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although has been NIPAL1 linked with gout pathogenesis, little is known about its expression and function in human malignancies. METHODS In this study, we examined NIPAL1 expression in 192 cases of OSCC by immunohistochemistry and performed a functional analysis of human OSCC cells. RESULTS NIPAL1 immunostaining was observed in 39 of 192 OSCC patients (20.3%). NIPAL1 expression correlated significantly with cancer cell intravsation (P = 0.0062), as well as with poorer disease-free survival in a Kaplan-Meier analysis (P < 0.0001). Moreover, a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed that NIPAL1 expression was an independent predictor of disease-free survival in OSCC (P < 0.0001). In a functional analysis, NIPAL1 regulated the growth and adhesion of OSCC tumor cells and endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that NIPAL1 might be a novel factor promoting OSCC tumorigenesis, as well as a useful molecular marker of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Nishiguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Miyako Kurihara-Shimomura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Chie Nakashima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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20
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Sasahira T, Kirita T, Nishiguchi Y, Kurihara M, Nakashima C, Bosserhoff AK, Kuniyasu H. A comprehensive expression analysis of the MIA gene family in malignancies: MIA gene family members are novel, useful markers of esophageal, lung, and cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:31137-52. [PMID: 27145272 PMCID: PMC5058745 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) gene family members include MIA, MIA2, and Transport and Golgi organization protein 1 (TANGO). Although MIA gene family members have several tumor-related functions, their detailed roles in malignancies remain poorly elucidated. In this study, 477 tumor specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical screening to evaluate MIA gene family expression. For a validation analysis, we also examined the association between MIA gene family expression and clinicopathological factors in 66 cases of esophageal cancer, 145 cases of lung cancer, and 126 cases of cervical cancer. The frequency of MIA gene family expression was higher among squamous cell carcinomas than among other tumor types subjected to screening. In the validation analysis, MIA gene family staining was observed frequently in esophageal and lung cancers associated with nodal and/or distant metastasis. In cervical cancers, MIA and TANGO immunostaining also correlated with tumor progression and metastasis. Furthermore, MIA2 expression levels in invasive cervical cancer were upregulated relative to those in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3. A disease-free survival analysis revealed that MIA-, MIA2, or TANGO-positive patients had a significantly shorter disease-free survival than did those patients who were negative. Our results suggest that MIA, MIA2, and TANGO may be useful diagnostic and therapeutic molecular targets in human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishiguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Miyako Kurihara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Chie Nakashima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute for Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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21
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Sasahira T, Nishiguchi Y, Fujiwara R, Kurihara M, Kirita T, Bosserhoff AK, Kuniyasu H. Storkhead box 2 and melanoma inhibitory activity promote oral squamous cell carcinoma progression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26751-64. [PMID: 27050375 PMCID: PMC5042012 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Storkhead box protein 2 (STOX2) is a transcriptional factor associated with pre-eclampsia with fetal growth restriction. We recently reported that melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression. However, the relationship between STOX2 and MIA remains unknown in malignancies. Methods We used immunohistochemistry and PCR to investigate MIA and STOX2 expression in OSCC. We also performed functional analysis in human OSCC cells. Results MIA and STOX2 mRNA levels were higher in OSCCs than in normal oral epithelial cells, and upregulation of STOX2 was significantly correlated with overexpression of MIA. Immunostaining for STOX2 was associated with nodal metastasis (P = 0.0002) and MIA expression (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, MIA expression (P = 0.0035) and STOX2 expression (P = 0.0061) were associated with poor outcome in OSCCs. In vitro analysis using OSCC cells revealed that MIA increased expression of STOX2 by paracrine manner. Moreover, STOX2 accelerated OSCC cell growth, invasion, suppressed apoptosis, and enhanced resistance to paclitaxel, cisplatin, and 5-FU. Conclusions Our results suggest that MIA-STOX2 signaling may be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic target in OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishiguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Rina Fujiwara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Miyako Kurihara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute for Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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22
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Kurihara-Shimomura M, Sasahira T, Nakamura H, Nakashima C, Kuniyasu H, Kirita T. Zinc finger AN1-type containing 4 is a novel marker for predicting metastasis and poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2017; 71:436-441. [PMID: 29074611 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Head and neck cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and has a high potential for locoregional invasion and nodal metastasis. Therefore, discovery of a useful molecular biomarker capable of predicting tumour progression and metastasis of OSCC is crucial. We have previously reported zinc finger AN1-type containing 4 (ZFAND4) as one of the most upregulated genes in recurrent OSCC using a cDNA microarray analysis. Although ZFAND4 has been shown to promote cell proliferation of gastric cancer, its expression and clinicopathological roles in OSCC remain unclear. METHODS In this study, we examined ZFAND4 expression by immunohistochemistry in 214 cases of OSCC. RESULTS High cytoplasmic expression of ZFAND4 was observed in 45 out of 214 (21%) patients with OSCC. Expression levels of ZFAND4 were strongly associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes (p=0.0429) and distant organs (p=0.0068). Cases with high expression of ZFAND4 had a significantly unfavourable prognosis compared with patients with low expression of ZFAND4 (p<0.0001). Furthermore, ZFAND4 overexpression was an independent poor prognostic factor for OSCC as determined by multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ZFAND4 is a useful marker for predicting metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Chie Nakashima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Nakao Y, Yamada S, Yanamoto S, Tomioka T, Naruse T, Ikeda T, Kurita H, Umeda M. Natriuretic peptide receptor A is related to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factors A and C, and is associated with the invasion potential of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 46:1237-1242. [PMID: 28521969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA) is one of the natriuretic peptide receptors. NPRA has been reported to play a role in the carcinogenesis of various tumours, as well as functional roles in renal, cardiovascular, endocrine, and skeletal homeostasis. The clinicopathological significance of NPRA in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) was examined in this study. The overexpression of NPRA was more frequent in TSCC (21/58, 36.2%) than in the normal oral epithelium (0/10, 0%) (P<0.05). It was also more frequently observed in cancers with higher grades according to the pattern of invasion (grades 1-2 vs. grades 3-4, P<0.01). Additionally, there was a tendency towards an association between the N classification and NPRA expression (N0 vs. N1-2, P=0.06). Significant correlations were also observed between the expression of NPRA and that of VEGF-A (P<0.001) and VEGF-C (P<0.001). The high-NPRA expression group had a significantly poorer prognosis, with a 5-year disease-specific survival rate of 39.7%, compared to 97.0% in the low-expression group (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis suggested that the overexpression of NPRA may also be an independent prognostic factor (P<0.05). In conclusion, NPRA is associated with VEGF expression levels, invasion, and metastasis, and may be a prognostic factor in TSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nakao
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - S Yamada
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - S Yanamoto
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - T Tomioka
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - T Naruse
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - T Ikeda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - H Kurita
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - M Umeda
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Marinho Bezerra de Oliveira Moura J, de Souza Martins Câmara AC, Weege Nonaka CF, Pinto LP, de Souza LB. Immunohistochemical comparative analysis of lymphatic vessel density and VEGF-C expression in squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue between young and old patients. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:1095-1101. [PMID: 27876236 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity is a malignant epithelial tumor that most commonly involves the tongue, and mainly affects men between the fifth and seventh decades of life. This study compared the lymphatic vessel density and VEGF-C expression in SCCs of the tongue between young and old patients. METHODS Thirty-four SCCs of the tongue, 17 diagnosed in young patients (≤40y) and 17 diagnosed in old patients (>50y), were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Lymphatic microdensity was determined based on the number of vessels immunoreactive to anti-D2-40 antibody. The percentage of neoplastic cells exhibiting cytoplasmic staining for VEGF-C was established for each case. RESULTS Assessment of intratumoral lymphatic microdensity (ILMD) disclosed a median number of 6.20 lymphatic vessels in young patients and of 6.60 in old patients (p=0.809). Analysis of peritumoral lymphatic microdensity (PLMD) revealed a median number of 3.60 lymphatic vessels in young patients and of 3.40 in old patients (p=0.769). In the tumor core, analysis of the percentage of immunopositive cells for VEGF-C revealed a median number of 95.95% in young patients and of 55.48% in old patients (p<0.001). In the deep invasive front, the median number of immunopositive cells for VEGF-C was 97.93% in young patients and 66.09% in old patients (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the more aggressive biological behavior of SCC of the tongue in young patients may be related to a higher expression of VEGF-C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leão Pereira Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Lélia Batista de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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25
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LEM domain containing 1 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion and endothelial transmigration. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:52-8. [PMID: 27280633 PMCID: PMC4931378 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinomas have high potential for locoregional invasion and nodal metastasis. Thus, early detection and elucidation of detailed molecular mechanisms of OSCCs are important. Roles of LEM domain containing 1 (LEMD1), a novel cancer–testis antigen, in OSCCs are unclear. Methods: We performed immunohistochemical analysis of LEMD1 in 289 OSCC patients and examined functions of LEMD1 in these carcinomas. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis showed that 101 patients were positive for LEMD1. LEM domain containing 1 expression levels in OSCCs significantly correlated with tumour progression (T factor and clinical stage), nodal metastasis, and poor prognosis. LEM domain containing 1 expression was an independent predictor of disease-free survival in OSCC patients. In OSCCs, LEMD1 knockdown suppressed cancer cell invasion. Moreover, downregulation of LEMD1 expression inhibited adhesion and transmigration of OSCCs and vascular or lymphatic vascular endothelial cells. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that LEMD1 is a novel tumour progressive factor and may be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic target in OSCCs.
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26
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Zhao W, Wang J, Zhu B, Duan Y, Chen F, Nian W, Sun J, Zhang B, Tong Z, Chen Z. IGFBP7 functions as a potential lymphangiogenesis inducer in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1483-92. [PMID: 26706909 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is not only involved in the processes of embryonic development, tissue repair and chronic inflammation, but also in tumor lymphatic metastasis. Metastatic tumor cells spreading through lymphatic vessels occur in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), with regional lymph node metastasis often being the most important prognostic factor for carcinoma patients. Recent research has identified a range of lymphangiogenic growth factors that could conceivably play a great role in promoting tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. The most extensively accepted signaling pathways promoting lymphangiogenesis in tumors include the secreted lymphangiogenic proteins: vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D, and their cognate receptor on lymphatic endothelium VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3). Targeting VEGF pathway strategy sometimes failed to decrease tumor metastasis in vivo experiments and clinical trials. It is unclear whether the tumor cells induced the lymphangiogenesis process, while VEGF pathway could not completely illustrate the mechanism of tumor cell lymphatic metastasis. To explore the novel tumor lymphangiogenesis targets, we screened 181 candidate genes between high lymphatic vascular density (LVD) and low LVD in lung adenocarcinomas using Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Microarray. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) was proven to be associated with metastatic clinicopathological features and high LVD. Furthermore, by assessing the capability of lymphatic endothelial cell forming lymphatic vessel-like structures in vitro, it appears to enhance lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People's Liberation Army, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhong Duan
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Fanglin Chen
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Weiqi Nian
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zhongsheng Tong
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhengtang Chen
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Matsui T, Shigeta T, Umeda M, Komori T. Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) expression predicts metastasis in tongue cancer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015. [PMID: 26216169 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated predictive factors for cervical lymph node metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). STUDY DESIGN We present a retrospective analysis of 90 patients with T1-2 N0 SCC who underwent primary excision as initial treatment without preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy. We examined the clinicopathologic factors (gender, age, clinical stage, surgical margin, grade of differentiation, lymphatic invasion, tumor depth of invasion, pattern of invasion [POI]) and immunohistochemical factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]-A and VEGF-C expression) to predict the probability of lymph node metastasis. RESULTS The local progression-free 5-year survival rate was 100%. Tumor depth of invasion (≥4 mm, P = .022), POI (score >4, P = .000), and VEGF-C expression (P = .008) were associated with the lymph node metastasis of tongue SCC in a multiple logistic regression analysis (odds ratios [ORs]: 5.075, 17.383, and 9.533, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The local control rate of tongue SCC in the early stages has significantly improved as a result of development of surgical techniques. On the other hand, we believe that tumor depth of invasion (≥4 mm), POI, and VEGF-C expression all need to be considered in the preoperative and postoperative planning stages for tongue cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Matsui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Takashi Shigeta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masashiro Umeda
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takahide Komori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Imayama N, Yamada SI, Yanamoto S, Naruse T, Matsushita Y, Takahashi H, Seki S, Fujita S, Ikeda T, Umeda M. FOXC2 expression is associated with tumor proliferation and invasion potential in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:783-91. [PMID: 25573594 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) is a gene encoding a transcription factor that controls the generation of mesodermal tissue including vascular and lymphatic tissues. FOXC2 has previously been associated with EMT and tumor angiogenesis in various cancers. Moreover, a relationship between the expression of FOXC2 and poor prognosis has been reported in various cancers. We herein examined the clinicopathological significance of FOXC2 in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) and attempted to clarify the function of FOXC2 in OTSCC cell lines in vitro. The overexpression of FOXC2 was more frequent in cancers with higher grades according to the pattern of invasion (grade 4 vs. 1-3; p < 0.05). A correlation was observed between the expression of FOXC2 and that of VEGF-A and -C (VEGF-A; p < 0.05, VEGF-C; p < 0.001). The high-FOXC2 expression group had a significantly poorer prognosis than that of the low-expression group (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that the overexpression of FOXC2 may also be an independent prognostic factor, similar to N classification (N0 vs 1/2; p < 0.05), stage classification (stage I/II vs III/IV; p < 0.05), pattern of invasion (grade 1-3vs 4; p < 0.05), local recurrence (local recurrence (+) vs (-); p < 0.01), and the overexpression of FOXC2 (FOXC2 overexpression (-) vs.(+); p < 0.05). In the OTSCC cell line analysis, the expression of FOXC2 was also associated with proliferation and invasion potential. These results strongly suggest that the overexpression of FOXC2 may be a potent predictor of survival in OTSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Imayama
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
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Sasahira T, Kurihara M, Yamamoto K, Ueda N, Nakashima C, Matsushima S, Bhawal UK, Kirita T, Kuniyasu H. HuD promotes progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Pathobiology 2014; 81:206-14. [PMID: 25278027 DOI: 10.1159/000366022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), ranks as the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Overall 5-year survival rates of OSCC have not significantly improved during the past 3 decades and the 5-year survival rate is less than 50%. Several invasion grading systems have been employed in OSCC, however, their utility is still controversial. HuD belongs to the Hu protein family and acts as an RNA-binding protein involved in mRNA stability and translational regulation. Although HuD has a pivotal role for neuronal differentiation, the functional role of HuD in OSCCs is still unclear. In this study, we examined HuD expression in 82 OSCC cases. Expression of HuD was observed in 36.6% of OSCCs and significantly associated with histological differentiation, nodal metastasis and mode of invasion. HuD expression in high-metastatic HSC3 cells was higher than in low-metastatic HSC4 cells, and inhibition of invasion ability and activation of caspase-3 were shown by HuD siRNA-treated HSC3 cells. Furthermore, we clarified that HuD regulates expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, VEGF-D, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. These results suggest that HuD is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic target in OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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30
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Sasahira T, Kirita T, Yamamoto K, Ueda N, Kurihara M, Matsushima S, Bhawal UK, Bosserhoff AK, Kuniyasu H. Transport and Golgi organisation protein 1 is a novel tumour progressive factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:2142-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Yanase M, Kato K, Yoshizawa K, Noguchi N, Kitahara H, Nakamura H. Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factors A and C in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:514-20. [PMID: 24762199 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members play a major role in angiogenesis and vascularization. VEGF-A promotes tumor angiogenesis by stimulating the growth of tumor vascular endothelial cells. In addition, VEGF-C has been identified as a potent inducer of lymphangiogenesis in tumor and lymph node metastasis. Previous studies have investigated the association between clinicopathological factors and the expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in oral squamous cell carcinoma cancer (OSCC), but the results are contradictory. In this study, we investigated the relationship between VEGF-A and VEGF-C expression and OSCC clinicopathological factors and prognosis. METHODS Expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C was evaluated in surgical specimens from 61 patients with OSCC and three human oral cancer cell lines (OSC-19, OSC-20 and HOC313) by immunohistochemical staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. We also determined the relationship between the 5-year survival rate and clinicopathological factors, such as TNM classification (Union for International Cancer Control, UICC), lymph node metastasis, recurrence, histological differentiation, location, and mode of invasion. RESULTS VEGF-A expression correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis. VEGF-C expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, recurrence, and a poorer 5-year survival rate. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that VEGF-C is an independent prognostic factor for patients with OSCC. VEGF-C expression was significantly up-regulated in HOC313 cells compared to OSC-19 and OSC-20 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that VEGF-C may be a predictive factor for OSCC outcome, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence. Moreover, VEGF-C may be an important factor in the development of new therapies for OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Yanase
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
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Sasahira T, Kirita T, Kuniyasu H. Update of molecular pathobiology in oral cancer: a review. Int J Clin Oncol 2014; 19:431-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-014-0684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sasahira T, Ueda N, Yamamoto K, Kurihara M, Matsushima S, Bhawal UK, Kirita T, Kuniyasu H. Prox1 and FOXC2 act as regulators of lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92534. [PMID: 24647631 PMCID: PMC3960274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospero homeobox 1 (Prox1) and forkhead box (FOX) C2 regulate angiogenesis and/or lymphangiogenesis. However, the detailed role and function of Prox1 and FOXC2 in cancer remains controversial. In the present study, we examined the expression of Prox1 and FOXC2 proteins in specimens from 163 cases with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Furthermore, the role of Prox1 and FOXC2 in cancer cell growth and invasion was evaluated in cultured OSCC cells. Prox1 expression was significantly associated with local progression of the tumor (P = 0.0023), clinical stage (P<0.0001), lymphovessel density (LVD) (P<0.0001), nodal metastasis (P<0.0001), and worse prognosis (P<0.0001). Immunoreactivity of FOXC2 was strongly correlated with microvessel density (MVD) (P<0.0001) and poor prognosis (P = 0.0076). In vitro analysis demonstrated that Prox1 regulates cell growth, proliferation, invasion, and lymphangiogenesis by activating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C expression. Furthermore, FOXC2 enhanced the expression level of Prox1 and promoted angiogenesis by enhancement of VEGF-A expression. Our results suggested that Prox1 and FOXC2 play key roles in OSCC progression and that further studies focusing on these proteins may yield useful insights for diagnosis and therapy of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ueda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Miyako Kurihara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Sayako Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Rogers MS, Novak K, Zurakowski D, Cryan LM, Blois A, Lifshits E, Bø TH, Oyan AM, Bender ER, Lampa M, Kang SY, Naxerova K, Kalland KH, Straume O, Akslen LA, Watnick RS, Folkman J, Naumov GN. Spontaneous reversion of the angiogenic phenotype to a nonangiogenic and dormant state in human tumors. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:754-64. [PMID: 24574516 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0532-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The angiogenic switch, a rate-limiting step in tumor progression, has already occurred by the time most human tumors are detectable. However, despite significant study of the mechanisms controlling this switch, the kinetics and reversibility of the process have not been explored. The stability of the angiogenic phenotype was examined using an established human liposarcoma xenograft model. Nonangiogenic cells inoculated into immunocompromised mice formed microscopic tumors that remained dormant for approximately 125 days (vs. <40 days for angiogenic cells) whereupon the vast majority (>95%) initiated angiogenic growth with second-order kinetics. These original, clonally derived angiogenic tumor cells were passaged through four in vivo cycles. At each cycle, a new set of single-cell clones was established from the most angiogenic clone and characterized for in vivo for tumorigenic activity. A total of 132 single-cell clones were tested in the second, third, and fourth in vivo passage. Strikingly, at each passage, a portion of the single-cell clones formed microscopic, dormant tumors. Following dormancy, like the original cell line, these revertant tumors spontaneously switched to the angiogenic phenotype. Finally, revertant clones were transcriptionally profiled and their angiogenic output determined. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the angiogenic phenotype in tumors is malleable and can spontaneously revert to the nonangiogenic phenotype in a population of human tumor cells. IMPLICATIONS Leveraging the rate of reversion to the nonangiogenic phenotype and tumor dormancy may be a novel anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Rogers
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Surgery and 2Anesthesia; 3the Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital; 4Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital; 6Section for Microbiology, The Gade Institute; 7Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine; and 8Section of Oncology, Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Yeremenko N, Härle P, Cantaert T, van Tok M, van Duivenvoorde LM, Bosserhoff A, Baeten D. The cartilage protein melanoma inhibitory activity contributes to inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:438-47. [PMID: 24287514 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) is a small chondrocyte-specific protein with unknown function. MIA knockout mice (MIA(-/-)) have a normal phenotype with minor microarchitectural alterations of cartilage. Our previous study demonstrated that immunodominant epitopes of MIA are actively presented in an HLA-DR4-restricted manner in the inflamed RA joint. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential role of MIA as an autoantigen. METHODS Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and anti-collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) were induced in MIA(-/-) mice. Anti-type II collagen (anti-CII) antibodies were measured by ELISA. T cell proliferation and cytokine production were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS MIA(-/-) mice had a markedly reduced incidence and severity of CIA and CAIA compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Attenuation of disease was not related to defective binding of anti-CII antibodies to cartilage in the absence of MIA. However, MIA(-/-) mice had significantly reduced anti-CII IgG1 and IgG2a antibody levels accompanied by an increase in FoxP3-expressing CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells. This was paralleled by a significant reduction in CII-specific IFN-γ production by T cells in MIA(-/-) but not WT animals, suggesting a qualitative impact of MIA on the collagen-induced Th1 response. Furthermore, Ag-specific proliferation of T cells after restimulation with MIA in WT but not MIA(-/-) mice indicated the existence of MIA-specific T cells in the context of CIA. CONCLUSION These data support a role for MIA as an autoantigen during arthritis development. Whether MIA can influence the balance of pathogenic vs regulatory responses in human RA remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Yeremenko
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Yu M, Liu L, Liang C, Li P, Ma X, Zhang Q, Wei Y. Intratumoral vessel density as prognostic factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis of literature. Head Neck 2013; 36:596-602. [PMID: 23780885 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to comprehensively and quantitatively summarize the prognostic value of microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) for the survival of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS Relevant literatures were identified using Medline and EMBASE. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the prognostic role of MVD and LVD. RESULTS A total of 18 articles (13 for MVD and 5 for LVD; n = 1279 and n = 408) were pooled for the global meta-analysis. The mortality was 1.23-fold higher for patients whose MVD counts were above the cutoff (risk ratio [RR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.52), compared with those below it, and this result was on a borderline (p = .06). The mortality of patients with high LVD counts was 2.07-fold higher (RR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.16-3.71; p = .01). CONCLUSION High counts of LVD, not MVD, are associated with worse 5-year overall survival (OS) in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Kurihara M, Kirita T, Sasahira T, Ohmori H, Matsushima S, Yamamoto K, Bosserhoff AK, Kuniyasu H. Protumoral roles of melanoma inhibitory activity 2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1460-9. [PMID: 23511560 PMCID: PMC3629429 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of melanoma inhibitory activity 2 (MIA2) was examined in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS MIA2 role was examined by immunohistochemistry of human OSCCs and knockdown studies using human 3 OSCC cell lines with MIA2 expression. RESULTS MIA2 expression was observed in 62 (66.7%) of 93 OSCCs and was associated with tumour expansion and nodal metastasis. Melanoma inhibitory activity 2 expression was inversely correlated with intratumoral infiltration of lymphocytes. Invasion and anti-apoptotic survival were reduced by MIA2 knockdown in HSC3 cells. MOLT-3 lymphocytes infiltrating the HSC3 cell layer was enhanced by MIA2 knockdown or MIA2 depletion with the antibody. In HSC3 cells, MIA2 knockdown decreased the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-C, and VEGF-D. The downregulation of VEGF-C and -D was caused by inhibition of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, respectively. Melanoma inhibitory activity 2 was co-precipitated with integrin α4 andα5 in HSC3 cells. Integrin α4 knockdown decreased p38 phosphorylation and increased apoptosis, whereas integrin α5 knockdown decreased c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and apoptosis. Inhibition of JNK decreased apoptosis in the HSC3 cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the roles of MIA2 might be based on the variety of the integrins and the subtypes of mitogen-activated protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kurihara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - T Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - T Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - H Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - S Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - K Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - A K Bosserhoff
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Sasahira T, Ueda N, Kurihara M, Matsushima S, Ohmori H, Fujii K, Bhawal UK, Yamamoto K, Kirita T, Kuniyasu H. Tropomyosin receptor kinases B and C are tumor progressive and metastatic marker in colorectal carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1098-106. [PMID: 23332094 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Members of the tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) family have a high affinity for neurotrophins and regulate neuronal survival. The role of Trks in cancer is still controversial. The expression and role of TrkB and TrkC were examined in colorectal cancer (CRC). Immunohistochemical analysis of TrkB and TrkC was performed in 133 patients with CRC. Using human CRC cell lines, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β, cell growth, invasion, and apoptosis were examined by knockdown methods. Immunohistochemistry showed positive results of TrkB and TrkC (23.3% and 12.8%, respectively). TrkB expression was associated with local progression (P = .0284), clinical stage (P = .0026), nodal metastasis (P = .0068), and peritoneal metastasis (P = .0026). TrkC expression was only related to liver metastasis (P = .0001). Coexpression of TrkB or TrkC and their ligands was found in 80.6% and 82.4% of cases, respectively. In vitro analysis using human CRC cells showed that TrkB positively regulated gene expression of VEGF-A (P < .05) and VEGF-C (P < .05), whereas TrkC suppressed transforming growth factor β expression (P < .05). TrkB and TrkC induced cell growth (P < .05) and invasion (P < .05), respectively. Both TrkB and TrkC showed antiapoptotic effect (P < .05). These results suggest that TrkB and TrkC have a tumor progressive function and may be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Relationship Between High Density of Peritumoral Lymphatic Vessels and Biological Behavior of Cervical Cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2012; 22:1435-41. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e31826aa702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in cervical squamous carcinoma.MethodsEighty cases of invasive cervical squamous cancer were selected as objects of our study. Double immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 and Ki-67 was used to label the lymphatic vessels and mark the proliferative lymphatic vessels in cervical squamous cancer. The peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and intratumoral lymphatic vessel density was assessed. The lymphatic vessels proliferation index was evaluated by calculating Ki-67 proliferation index (PI) to reflect the lymphangiogenesis of cervical squamous cancer. Then the correlation between lymphangiogenesis and clinicopathologic features of cervical squamous cancer was analyzed.ResultsThe LVD of cervical cancer (15.23 ± 3.6) was clearly higher than that of the adjacent normal cervical subepithelial tissues (9.9 ± 2.5, P < 0.001). The peritumoral lymphatic vessel density of cervical cancer (18.75 ± 4.3) was significantly higher than the intratumoral lymphatic vessel density of cervical cancer (11.71 ± 4.9, P < 0.001). Lymphatic PI (LPI) of cervical cancer (0.258 ± 0.07) was higher than that of the adjacent normal cervical subepithelial tissues (0.068 ± 0.08, P < 0.001). The peritumoral lymphatic vessel PI of cervical cancer (0.324 ± 0.06) was notably higher than the intratumoral lymphatic vessel PI of cervical cancer (0.232 ± 0.06, P < 0.001). Peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and peritumoral lymphatic vessel were clearly associated with the lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively) and lymphovascular space invasion (P = 0.024 and P = 0.01, respectively).ConclusionsThe high density of peritumoral lymphatic vessels is a potential predictor of more aggressive phenotype of cervical squamous cancer.
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Sasahira T, Ueda N, Yamamoto K, Bhawal UK, Kurihara M, Kirita T, Kuniyasu H. Trks are novel oncogenes involved in the induction of neovascularization, tumor progression, and nodal metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 30:165-76. [PMID: 22886570 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The function of tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) family including TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC in cancer remains unknown. The role of Trks in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was examined. Knockdown of Trks provided inhibition of growth or invasion and decrease of apoptosis in OSCC cells, which expressed Trks at high levels. VEGF expression was associated with TrkA and TrkB expression; a decrease of VEGF-C and VEGF-D was observed in OSCC cells with TrkB knockdown. TrkC did not affect the expression of VEGF family. An immunohistochemical analysis of 102 OSCCs showed that TrkB expression was related to microvessel density (MVD), lymph vessel density (LVD), and poor prognosis. TrkC expression was correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, MVD, LVD, and poor prognosis. TrkA expression was associated with VEGF expression, whereas TrkB expression was associated with the expressions of VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGF-D. No significant association was found between the expression of TrkC and genes of the VEGF family. Expression of Trks was not associated with RUNX3 silencing by methylation in OSCC cells. Trks expression was inversely correlated with RUNX3 expression in the OSCC cases. These results suggested that Trks enhances progression of OSCC through angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Immunohistochemical comparative analysis of cell proliferation and angiogenic index in squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue between young and older patients. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2012; 20:291-7. [PMID: 22505011 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e31823277f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant epithelial tumor that is uncommon in individuals younger than 45 years. This study compared the cell proliferation and angiogenic index in SCCs of the tongue between young and older patients. Forty SCCs of the tongue, 20 diagnosed in young patients (≤ 40 y) and 20 diagnosed in older patients (>50 y) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation was evaluated using the Ki-67 labeling index (LI). The angiogenic index was determined by microvessel count (MVC) using anti- von Willebrand factor antibody. The mean Ki-67 LI in SCCs of the tongue was 43.8% (range, 26.0% to 72.4%) in young patients and 42.5% (range, 9.0% to 59.4%) in older patients (P=0.968). No significant difference in the Ki-67 LI was observed in relation to clinical stage or histologic grade of malignancy in either group (P>0.05). The mean MVC in SCCs of the tongue was 24.3 (range, 8.6 to 51.6) in young patients and 25.6 (range, 5.4 to 42.4) in older patients (P=0.543). There was no significant difference in MVC in relation to clinical stage or histologic grade of malignancy in either group (P>0.05). In addition, no significant correlation was observed between the Ki-67 LI and the angiogenic index (P>0.05). The results of this study suggest that the more aggressive biological behavior of SCC of the tongue in young patients may not be related to a higher cell proliferation rate or a higher angiogenic index.
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Downregulation of miR-126 induces angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by activation of VEGF-A in oral cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:700-6. [PMID: 22836510 PMCID: PMC3419968 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNA (miRNA)-126 (miR-126) is an endothelial-specific miRNA located within intron 7 of epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7). However, the role of miR-126 in cancer is controversial. Methods: We examined the function of miR-126 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Furthermore, a series of 118 cases with OSCC were evaluated for the expression levels of miR-126. Results: MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) was associated with cell growth and regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-A activity, and demethylation treatment increased expression levels of miR-126 and EGFL7 in OSCC cells. A significant association was found between miR-126 expression and tumour progression, nodal metastasis, vessel density, or poor prognosis in OSCC cases. In the multivariate analysis, decreased miR-126 expression was strongly correlated with disease-free survival. Conclusion: The present results suggest that miR-126 might be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic target in OSCC.
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Ohmori H, Luo Y, Kuniyasu H. Non-histone nuclear factor HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:183-93. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.546785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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