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Papadimitropoulou A, Makri M, Zoidis G. MYC the oncogene from hell: Novel opportunities for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116194. [PMID: 38340508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer comprises a heterogeneous disease, characterized by diverse features such as constitutive expression of oncogenes and/or downregulation of tumor suppressor genes. MYC constitutes a master transcriptional regulator, involved in many cellular functions and is aberrantly expressed in more than 70 % of human cancers. The Myc protein belongs to a family of transcription factors whose structural pattern is referred to as basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper. Myc binds to its partner, a smaller protein called Max, forming an Myc:Max heterodimeric complex that interacts with specific DNA recognition sequences (E-boxes) and regulates the expression of downstream target genes. Myc protein plays a fundamental role for the life of a cell, as it is involved in many physiological functions such as proliferation, growth and development since it controls the expression of a very large percentage of genes (∼15 %). However, despite the strict control of MYC expression in normal cells, MYC is often deregulated in cancer, exhibiting a key role in stimulating oncogenic process affecting features such as aberrant proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, genomic instability and oncogenic transformation. In this review we aim to meticulously describe the fundamental role of MYC in tumorigenesis and highlight its importance as an anticancer drug target. We focus mainly on the different categories of novel small molecules that act as inhibitors of Myc function in diverse ways hence offering great opportunities for an efficient cancer therapy. This knowledge will provide significant information for the development of novel Myc inhibitors and assist to the design of treatments that would effectively act against Myc-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Papadimitropoulou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Makri
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, GR-15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Grigoris Zoidis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, GR-15771, Athens, Greece.
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2
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Prieto C, Kharas MG. RNA Regulators in Leukemia and Lymphoma. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a034967. [PMID: 31615866 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional regulation of mRNA is a powerful and tightly controlled process in which cells command the integrity, diversity, and abundance of their protein products. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are the principal players that control many intermediary steps of posttranscriptional regulation. Recent advances in this field have discovered the importance of RBPs in hematological diseases. Herein we will review a number of RBPs that have been determined to play critical functions in leukemia and lymphoma. Furthermore, we will discuss the potential therapeutic strategies that are currently being studied to specifically target RBPs in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Prieto
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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3
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Chen YH, Wang CW, Wei MF, Tzeng YS, Lan KH, Cheng AL, Kuo SH. Maintenance BEZ235 Treatment Prolongs the Therapeutic Effect of the Combination of BEZ235 and Radiotherapy for Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081204. [PMID: 31430901 PMCID: PMC6721476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that administration of NVP-BEZ235 (BEZ235), a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, before radiotherapy (RT) enhanced the radiotherapeutic effect in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we evaluated whether maintenance BEZ235 treatment, after combinatorial BEZ235 + RT therapy, prolonged the antitumor effect in CRC. K-RAS mutant CRC cells (HCT116 and SW480), wild-type CRC cells (HT29), and HCT116 xenograft tumors were separated into the following six study groups: (1) untreated (control); (2) RT alone; (3) BEZ235 alone; (4) RT + BEZ235; (5) maintenance BEZ235 following RT + BEZ235 (RT + BEZ235 + mBEZ235); and (6) maintenance BEZ235 following BEZ235 (BEZ235 + mBEZ235). RT + BEZ235 + mBEZ235 treatment significantly inhibited cell viability and increased apoptosis in three CRC cell lines compared to the other five treatments in vitro. In the HCT116 xenograft tumor model, RT + BEZ235 + mBEZ235 treatment significantly reduced the tumor size when compared to the other five treatments. Furthermore, the expression of mTOR signaling molecules (p-rpS6 and p-eIF4E), DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair-related molecules (p-ATM and p-DNA-PKcs), and angiogenesis-related molecules (VEGF-A and HIF-1α) was significantly downregulated after RT + BEZ235 + mBEZ235 treatment both in vitro and in vivo when compared to the RT + BEZ235, RT, BEZ235, BEZ235 + mBEZ235, and control treatments. Cleaved caspase-3, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), 53BP1, and γ-H2AX expression in the HCT116 xenograft tissue and three CRC cell lines were significantly upregulated after RT + BEZ235 + mBEZ235 treatment. Maintenance BEZ235 treatment in CRC cells prolonged the inhibition of cell viability, enhancement of apoptosis, attenuation of mTOR signaling, impairment of the DNA-DSB repair mechanism, and downregulation of angiogenesis that occurred due to concurrent BEZ235 and RT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Wei
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Cancer Research Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Shin Tzeng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Hsueh Lan
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Cancer Research Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Torniai M, Scortichini L, Tronconi F, Rubini C, Morgese F, Rinaldi S, Mazzanti P, Berardi R. Systemic treatment for lung carcinoids: from bench to bedside. Clin Transl Med 2019; 8:22. [PMID: 31273555 PMCID: PMC6609661 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-019-0238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the huge spectrum of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms, typical and atypical carcinoids should be considered as a separate biological entity from poorly differentiated forms, harboring peculiar molecular alterations. Despite their indolent behavior, lung carcinoids correlate with a worse survival. To date, only limited therapeutic options are available and novel drugs are strongly needed. In this work, we extensively reviewed scientific literature exploring available therapeutic options, new molecular targets and future perspectives in the management of well differentiated neoplasms of bronchopulmonary tree. Systemic therapy represents the main option in advanced and unresectable disease; accepted choices are somatostatin analogs, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, everolimus and chemotherapy. To date, an univocal treatment strategy has not been identified yet, thus tailored therapeutic algorithms should consider treatment efficacy as well as safety profiles. Several molecular alterations found in carcinoid tumors might act as molecular targets leading to development of new therapeutic options. Further studies are necessary to identify new potential “druggable” molecular targets in the selected subset of low-grade lung carcinoids. Furthermore, evaluating the available therapies in more homogeneous population might improve their efficacy through a perfect tailoring of treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Torniai
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Scortichini
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Tronconi
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Section of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, Department of Neuroscience, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Morgese
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Rinaldi
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Mazzanti
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
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Wang H, Liu Y, Ding J, Huang Y, Liu J, Liu N, Ao Y, Hong Y, Wang L, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhang Y. Targeting mTOR suppressed colon cancer growth through 4EBP1/eIF4E/PUMA pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:448-460. [PMID: 31257364 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed malignancies among both men and women, which has an increased mortality but a poor prognosis. Targeting mTOR becomes an effective approach that shows promising antitumor activities in various cancers including colonic carcinoma. However, the potential mechanism against colon cancer remains incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrated that the anti-cancer effect of AZD8055 and OSI-027 is at least in part modulated by the gradual process of apoptosis initiation, progressing from mTOR suppression, 4EBP1 dephosphorylation, or EZH2 suppression, thereby leading to PUMA-dependent apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, AZD8055 inhibited colorectal cancer tumor growth in mice significantly. PUMA deletion caused resistance of dual mTOR inhibitors, suggesting PUMA mediated carcinogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these findings established a vital status of PUMA in driving the antineoplastic efficacy of targeting mTOR by AZD8055 and OSI-027 and offered the rationales for the current clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yeying Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Ao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lefeng Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China. .,Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, China.
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Pal I, Safari M, Jovanovic M, Bates SE, Deng C. Targeting Translation of mRNA as a Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2019; 14:219-227. [DOI: 10.1007/s11899-019-00530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lee L, Ito T, Jensen RT. Everolimus in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors: efficacy, side-effects, resistance, and factors affecting its place in the treatment sequence. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:909-928. [PMID: 29757017 PMCID: PMC6064188 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1476492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the initial approval of everolimus in 2011, there have been a number of important changes in therapeutic/diagnostic modalities as well as classification/staging systems of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), which can significantly impact the use of everolimus in patients with advanced NETs. Areas covered: The efficacy of everolimus monotherapy and combination therapy demonstrated in clinical studies involving patients with advanced NETs are reviewed. Several factors affecting everolimus use are described including: the development and routine use of NET classification/staging systems; widespread use of molecular imaging modalities; side effects; drug resistance; and the availability of other treatment options. Furthermore, the current position of everolimus in the treatment approach is discussed, taking into account the recommendations from the recent guidelines. Expert opinion: Although everolimus demonstrated its high efficacy and tolerability in the RADIANT trials and other clinical studies, there still remain a number of controversies related to everolimus treatment in the management of NETs. The synergistic anti-growth effect of other agents in combination with everolimus or its effect on overall survival have not been established. The appropriate order of the use of everolimus in the treatment of advanced NETs still remains unclear, which needs to be defined in further studies and will be addressed in the new guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingaku Lee
- a Digestive Diseases Branch , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Tetsuhide Ito
- b Neuroendocrine Tumor Centre , Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Robert T Jensen
- a Digestive Diseases Branch , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Liu S, Gao J, Chen Z, Qiao X, Huang H, Cui B, Zhu Q, Dai Z, Wu H, Pan Y, Yang C, Liu J. Comparative proteomics reveals the physiological differences between winter tender shoots and spring tender shoots of a novel tea (Camellia sinensis L.) cultivar evergrowing in winter. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:206. [PMID: 29157222 PMCID: PMC5697017 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recently discovered tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] cultivar can generate tender shoots in winter. We performed comparative proteomics to analyze the differentially accumulated proteins between winter and spring tender shoots of this clonal cultivar to reveal the physiological basis of its evergrowing character during winter. RESULTS We extracted proteins from the winter and spring tender shoots (newly formed two leaves and a bud) of the evergrowing tea cultivar "Dongcha11" respectively. Thirty-three differentially accumulated high-confidence proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF / TOF MS). Among these, 24 proteins had increased abundance while nine showed were decreased abundance in winter tender shoots as compared with the spring tender shoots. We categorized the differentially accumulated proteins into eight critical biological processes based on protein function annotation including photosynthesis, cell structure, protein synthesis & destination, transporters, metabolism of sugars and polysaccharides, secondary metabolism, disease/defense and proteins with unknown functions. Proteins with increased abundance in winter tender shoots were mainly related to the processes of photosynthesis, cytoskeleton and protein synthesis, whereas those with decreased abundance were correlated to metabolism and the secondary metabolism of polyphenolic flavonoids. Biochemical analysis showed that the total contents of soluble sugar and amino acid were higher in winter tender shoots while tea polyphenols were lower as compared with spring tender shoots. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that the simultaneous increase in the abundance of photosynthesis-related proteins rubisco, plastocyanin, and ATP synthase delta chain, metabolism-related proteins eIF4 and protease subunits, and the cytoskeleton-structure associated proteins phosphatidylinositol transfer protein and profilin may be because of the adaptation of the evergrowing tea cultivar "Dongcha11" to low temperature and light conditions. Histone H4, Histone H2A.1, putative In2.1 protein and protein lin-28 homologs may also regulate the development of winter shoots and their response to adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Liu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631 China
| | - Jiadong Gao
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiao
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Hualin Huang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Baiyuan Cui
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Zhangyan Dai
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Hualing Wu
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Yayan Pan
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631 China
| | - Jun Liu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
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Freitag H, Christen F, Lewens F, Grass I, Briest F, Iwaszkiewicz S, Siegmund B, Grabowski P. Inhibition of mTOR's Catalytic Site by PKI-587 Is a Promising Therapeutic Option for Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Disease. Neuroendocrinology 2017; 105:90-104. [PMID: 27513674 PMCID: PMC5475233 DOI: 10.1159/000448843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristic clinical heterogeneity and mostly slow-growing behavior of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) cause problems in finding appropriate treatments. Thus, the current therapy options are not satisfactory. PKI-587 is a highly potent, novel dual inhibitor of PI3K and mTORC1/C2. AIM We assessed the effects of PKI-587 in different GEP-NEN tumor models, including the poorly differentiated cell line LCC-18, and compared them with those of the established mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus. METHODS We treated BON, QGP-1, KRJ-I, and LCC-18 cell lines with increasing concentrations of the inhibitor PKI-587, and compared the results with those of everolimus and DMSO. We assessed the impact of the treatments on viability (WST-1 assay), on apoptotic processes (caspase 3/7 assay, JC-1), and on cell cycle regulation (flow cytometry). We determined alterations in signaling mediators by phosphor-specific Western blot analysis and conducted multiplexed gene expression analysis (nCounter® technology). RESULTS In all cell lines, PKI-587 dose-dependently inhibited proliferation, whereas everolimus was less effective. Treatment with PKI-587 led to cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis and successfully suppressed activity of the direct mTORC1 target 4E-BP1, a crucial factor for tumor genesis only partially inhibited by everolimus. Gene expression analyses revealed relevant changes of RAS, MAPK, STAT, and PI3K pathway genes after treatment. Treatment-dependent and cell line-characteristic effects on AKT/Rb/E2F signaling regarding cell cycle control and apoptosis are extensively discussed in this paper. CONCLUSION PI3K/mTOR dual targeting is a promising new therapeutic approach in neuroendocrine tumor disease that should be evaluated in further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helma Freitag
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology CC13, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Christen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology CC13, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florentine Lewens
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology CC13, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Grass
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology CC13, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Briest
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology CC13, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Iwaszkiewicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology CC13, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology CC13, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Grabowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology CC13, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka GmbH, Bad Berka, Germany
- *Patricia Grabowski, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology CC13, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, DE-12203 Berlin (Germany), E-Mail
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Silencing c-Myc translation as a therapeutic strategy through targeting PI3Kδ and CK1ε in hematological malignancies. Blood 2016; 129:88-99. [PMID: 27784673 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-08-731240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and the proteasome pathway are both involved in activating the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Because mTOR signaling is required for initiation of messenger RNA translation, we hypothesized that cotargeting the PI3K and proteasome pathways might synergistically inhibit translation of c-Myc. We found that a novel PI3K δ isoform inhibitor TGR-1202, but not the approved PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib, was highly synergistic with the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib in lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma cell lines and primary lymphoma and leukemia cells. TGR-1202 and carfilzomib (TC) synergistically inhibited phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), leading to suppression of c-Myc translation and silencing of c-Myc-dependent transcription. The synergistic cytotoxicity of TC was rescued by overexpression of eIF4E or c-Myc. TGR-1202, but not other PI3Kδ inhibitors, inhibited casein kinase-1 ε (CK1ε). Targeting CK1ε using a selective chemical inhibitor or short hairpin RNA complements the effects of idelalisib, as a single agent or in combination with carfilzomib, in repressing phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and the protein level of c-Myc. These results suggest that TGR-1202 is a dual PI3Kδ/CK1ε inhibitor, which may in part explain the clinical activity of TGR-1202 in aggressive lymphoma not found with idelalisib. Targeting CK1ε should become an integral part of therapeutic strategies targeting translation of oncogenes such as c-Myc.
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11
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Wang W, He Q, Guo Z, Yang L, Bao L, Bao W, Zheng X, Wang Y, Wang Z. Inhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) Downregulates ELOVL1 Gene Expression and Fatty Acid Synthesis in Goat Fetal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26204830 PMCID: PMC4519958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160716440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids 1 (ELOVL1) is a ubiquitously expressed gene that belongs to the ELOVL family and regulates the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and sphingolipids, from yeast to mammals. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a central regulator of cell metabolism and is associated with fatty acids synthesis. In this study, we cloned the cDNA that encodes Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) ELOVL1 (GenBank Accession number KF549985) and investigated its expression in 10 tissues. ELOVL1 cDNA was 840 bp, encoding a deduced protein of 279 amino acids, and ELOVL1 mRNA was expressed in a wide range of tissues. Inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin decreased ELOVL1 expression and fatty acids synthesis in Cashmere goat fetal fibroblasts. These data show that ELOVL1 expression is regulated by mTORC1 and that mTORC1 has significant function in fatty acids synthesis in Cashmere goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Qiburi He
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Zhixin Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Limin Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Lili Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
- College of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China.
| | - Wenlei Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Xu Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
- Hulunbeir Municipal People's Hospital, Hailar 021008, China.
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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Dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor is an effective radiosensitizer for colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 357:582-90. [PMID: 25497009 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate whether combination of molecular targeting therapy, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor (BEZ235), with radiation can enhance the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells (CRC). K-RAS mutant CRC cells (HCT 116 and SW 620) and wild type CRC cells (HT 29) were irradiated with different dose of radiation (0-6 Gy). The synergistic effects of combining radiation with different concentration of BEZ235 (0-10 nM) pretreatment were demonstrated by cell survival assay. When comparing with radiation alone and BEZ235 alone, the combination of BEZ235 pretreatment and radiation resulted in an increased percentage of sub-G1 phase cells, and an increased number of γ-H2AX/cell (DNA double strand breaks). Radiation up-regulated AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, including the activation of phospho (p)-AKT, p-mTOR, p-eIF4E, and p-rpS6; and this activated AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was attenuated by BEZ235 pretreatment. In addition, BEZ235 blocked double strand break repair induced by radiation through attenuating the activation of ATM and DNA-PKcs and sensitized CRC cells to radiation. In vivo model, the tumor size and the expression pattern of p-mTOR, p-eIF4E, and p-rpS6 were significantly decreased in combined group than radiation alone or BEZ235 alone. Our findings indicate that the administration of BEZ235 before radiation enhances the radiotherapeutic effect of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Detection of the Helicobacter pylori CagA protein in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma cells: clinical and biological significance. Blood Cancer J 2013; 3:e125. [PMID: 23852160 PMCID: PMC3730200 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2013.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that CagA can be translocated into B cells in Helicobacter pylori (HP) coculture media, and the translocation appears biologically significant as activation of the relevant cellular pathways was noticed. In this study, we further explore if CagA can be detected in malignant B cells of HP-positive gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Expression of CagA was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. CagA expression was further confirmed by western blot analysis. The association between CagA expression in malignant B cells and tumor response to HP eradication therapy (HPE) was evaluated in 64 stage IE gastric MALT lymphoma patients. We detected CagA expression in 31 (48.4%) of 64 patients: 26 (68.4%) of the 38 HP-dependent cases and 5 (19.2%) of the 26 HP-independent cases (P<0.001). Patients with CagA expression responded to HPE quicker than those without (median time to complete remission, 3.0 vs 6.5 months, P=0.025). Our results indicated that CagA can be translocated into malignant B cells of MALT lymphoma, and the translocation is clinically and biologically significant.
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Saxena A, Shoeb M, Ramana KV, Srivastava SK. Aldose reductase inhibition suppresses colon cancer cell viability by modulating microRNA-21 mediated programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) expression. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3311-9. [PMID: 23827854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of polyol pathway enzyme aldose reductase (AR) has been shown to prevent colon cancer cells growth in culture and in nude mice xenografts. However, the role of AR in the mediation of growth factor-induced colon cancer cells growth is not well understood. In this study, we have investigated how AR inhibition prevents tumour growth via regulation of microRNA (miR)-21-mediated programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) expression in colon cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of colon cancer cells (HT29, SW480 and Caco-2) with epidermal growth factor (EGF) caused increased expression of miR-21 and inhibition of AR prevented it. Further, AR inhibition also increased PDCD4, a putative target of miR-21 in human colon cancer cells. Inhibition of AR also prevented EGF-induced phosphorylation of PDCD4. Treatment of HT29 cells with AR inhibitor, fidarestat, prevented the EGF-induced phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), regulatory associated protein of mTOR (Raptor), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), p70 S6 kinase (S6K) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and increased the phosphorylation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Similarly, in nude mice xenograft tissues, PDCD4 and 4E-BP1 levels were significantly higher in AR inhibitor-treated mice compared to controls. Collectively, these results indicate that AR inhibition prevents growth factor-induced colon cancer growth by down-regulating miR-21 expression and increasing PDCD4 levels through the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/AMPK/mTOR/AP1/4E-BP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Saxena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
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Acetylation of histone H3 prevents resistance development caused by chronic mTOR inhibition in renal cell carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2012; 324:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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QIAO QIAO, JIANG YUANJUN, LI GUANG. Curcumin enhances the response of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma cells to ionizing radiation through further induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and inhibition of mTOR phosphorylation. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:380-6. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kuo SH, Chou CH, Cheng AL, Wang CW, Chen YH, Chen RJ. Expression of BCL10 in cervical cancer has a role in the regulation of cell growth through the activation of NF-κB‐dependent cyclin D1 signaling. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 126:245-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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