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Chen XY, Cheng AY, Wang ZY, Jin JM, Lin JY, Wang B, Guan YY, Zhang H, Jiang YX, Luan X, Zhang LJ. Dbl family RhoGEFs in cancer: different roles and targeting strategies. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116141. [PMID: 38499108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Small Ras homologous guanosine triphosphatase (Rho GTPase) family proteins are highly associated with tumorigenesis and development. As intrinsic exchange activity regulators of Rho GTPases, Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) have been demonstrated to be closely involved in tumor development and received increasing attention. They mainly contain two families: the diffuse B-cell lymphoma (Dbl) family and the dedicator of cytokinesis (Dock) family. More and more emphasis has been paid to the Dbl family members for their abnormally high expression in various cancers and their correlation to poor prognosis. In this review, the common and distinctive structures of Dbl family members are discussed, and their roles in cancer are summarized with a focus on Ect2, Tiam1/2, P-Rex1/2, Vav1/2/3, Trio, KALRN, and LARG. Significantly, the strategies targeting Dbl family RhoGEFs are highlighted as novel therapeutic opportunities for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ao-Yu Cheng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Tianjin University of Science&Technology, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jin-Mei Jin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Yi Lin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying-Yun Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Xin Jiang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xin Luan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Taghehchian N, Samsami Y, Maharati A, Zangouei AS, Boroumand-Noughabi S, Moghbeli M. Molecular biology of microRNA-342 during tumor progression and invasion. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154672. [PMID: 37413875 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as one of the main causes of human deaths and health challenges in the world. Various factors are involved in the high death rate of cancer patients, including late diagnosis and drug resistance that result in treatment failure and tumor recurrence. Invasive diagnostic methods are one of the main reasons of late tumor detection in cancer patients. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the molecular tumor biology to introduce efficient non-invasive markers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in regulation of the cellular mechanisms such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. MiRNAs deregulations have been also frequently shown in different tumor types. Here, we discussed the molecular mechanisms of miR-342 during tumor growth. MiR-342 mainly functions as a tumor suppressor by the regulation of transcription factors and signaling pathways such as WNT, PI3K/AKT, NF-kB, and MAPK. Therefore, miR-342 mimics can be used as a reliable therapeutic strategy to inhibit the tumor cells growth. The present review can also pave the way to introduce the miR-342 as a non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic marker in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Taghehchian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yalda Samsami
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Boroumand-Noughabi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Maltas J, Reed H, Porter A, Malliri A. Mechanisms and consequences of dysregulation of the Tiam family of Rac activators in disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2703-2719. [PMID: 33200195 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Tiam family proteins - Tiam1 and Tiam2/STEF - are Rac1-specific Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs) with important functions in epithelial, neuronal, immune and other cell types. Tiam GEFs regulate cellular migration, proliferation and survival, mainly through activating and directing Rac1 signalling. Dysregulation of the Tiam GEFs is significantly associated with human diseases including cancer, immunological and neurological disorders. Uncovering the mechanisms and consequences of dysregulation is therefore imperative to improving the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Here we compare and contrast the subcellular localisation and function of Tiam1 and Tiam2/STEF, and review the evidence for their dysregulation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Maltas
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Hannah Reed
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Andrew Porter
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Angeliki Malliri
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, U.K
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Yang C, Ma C, Li Y, Mo P, Yang Y. High Tiam1 expression predicts positive lymphatic metastasis and worse survival in patients with malignant solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5925-5936. [PMID: 31413590 PMCID: PMC6663076 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s191571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have explored the prognostic value of T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing factor 1 (Tiam1) and its association with lymphatic metastasis in malignant solid tumors, but the conclusions remain controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to systematically assess the prognostic value of Tiam1 expression and its association with lymphatic metastasis in malignant solid tumors. Methods We searched eligible studies in PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE databases (from inception up to October 2018). The combined HR with 95% CI was used to estimate the prognostic value of Tiam1 expression. The correlation between Tiam1 expression and lymphatic metastasis was assessed using the combined odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI. Results A total of 17 studies with 2,228 patients with solid tumors were included in this meta-analysis. The overall estimated results showed that high Tiam1 expression was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (HR= 2.08, 95% CI: 1.62-2.68, P<0.01), and disease-free survival (HR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.49-2.32, P<0.01). Besides, we also found that there was a close relationship between high Tiam1 expression and positive lymphatic metastasis (OR=2.63; 95% CI: 1.79-3.84, P<0.01). Conclusion High Tiam1 expression was significantly associated with shorter survival and positive lymphatic metastasis in patients with malignant solid tumors. Therefore, Tiam1 may be a promising prognostic biomarker and an effective therapeutic target for malignant solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Qinghai province people's Hospital, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlin Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Qinghai province people's Hospital, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Li
- Department of Stomatology, Qinghai province people's Hospital, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Mo
- Department of Stomatology, Qinghai province people's Hospital, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Ninbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ninbo, People's Republic of China
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Durand-Onaylı V, Haslauer T, Härzschel A, Hartmann TN. Rac GTPases in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124041. [PMID: 30558116 PMCID: PMC6321480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that crosstalk between hematologic tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment contributes to leukemia and lymphoma cell migration, survival, and proliferation. The supportive tumor cell-microenvironment interactions and the resulting cellular processes require adaptations and modulations of the cytoskeleton. The Rac subfamily of the Rho family GTPases includes key regulators of the cytoskeleton, with essential functions in both normal and transformed leukocytes. Rac proteins function downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases, chemokine receptors, and integrins, orchestrating a multitude of signals arising from the microenvironment. As such, it is not surprising that deregulation of Rac expression and activation plays a role in the development and progression of hematological malignancies. In this review, we will give an overview of the specific contribution of the deregulation of Rac GTPases in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Durand-Onaylı
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Disease, Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Theresa Haslauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Disease, Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Andrea Härzschel
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Disease, Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Tanja Nicole Hartmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Disease, Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Lin L, You J, Qian Y, Han Y, Xiong H, Zhu T, Xia K, Su T. The prognostic value of T Lymphoma Invasion and Metastasis 1 (TIAM1) expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 31. [PMID: 27862620 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100069 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin You
- Department of Stomatology; The First People's Hospital of Changde; Changde 415003 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunmei Qian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital; Central-South University; Changsha 410008 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital; Central-South University; Changsha 410008 People's Republic of China
| | - Haofeng Xiong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital; Central-South University; Changsha 410008 People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics; Central South University; Changsha 410078 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics; Central South University; Changsha 410078 People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital; Central-South University; Changsha 410008 People's Republic of China
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Li Z, Liu Q, Piao J, Hua F, Wang J, Jin G, Lin Z, Zhang Y. Clinicopathological implications of Tiam1 overexpression in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:681. [PMID: 27562113 PMCID: PMC4997674 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 (Tiam1) has been implicated in tumor occurrence and progression. Recent studies have shown that high expression levels of Tiam1 protein appear to be associated with the progression of numerous human tumors. This study attempted to explore the role of Tiam1 protein in tumor progression and the prognostic evaluation of breast cancer. METHODS The localization of the Tiam1 protein was determined in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line using immunofluorescence (IF) staining. In addition, a total of 283 breast tissue samples, including 153 breast cancer tissues, 67 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 63 adjacent non-tumor breast tissues, were analyzed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of the Tiam1 protein. The correlation between Tiam1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated by Chi-square test and Fisher's exact tests. Disease-free survival (DFS) and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Additionally, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by the Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS Tiam1 protein showed a mainly cytoplasmic staining pattern in breast cancer cells; however, nuclear staining was also observed. Tiam1 protein expression was significantly higher in breast cancers (42.5 %, 65/153) and DCIS (40.3 %, 27/67) than in adjacent non-tumor tissues (12.7 %, 8/63). In addition, Tiam1 associated with tumor stage and Ki-67 expression, but negatively correlated with receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (Her2) expression. Moreover, survival analyses showed that DFS and 10-year OS rates were significantly lower in breast cancer patients with high Tiam1 expression than those with low Tiam1 expression. Univariate analysis suggested that molecular types, clinical stage, Her2 expression levels and Tiam1 expression levels were also significantly associated with DFS and 10-year OS rates of breast cancer patients. Furthermore, multivariate analysis suggested that Tiam1 expression is a significant independent prognostic factor along with tumor stage in patients with breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Tiam1 expression is frequently up-regulated in breast cancer. Tiam1 expression correlated with clinicopathological parameters, suggesting that it may be a useful prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Li
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Qixiang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Junjie Piao
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Fenjian Hua
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Guang Jin
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
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Huang H, Fan L, Zhan R, Wu S, Niu W. Expression of microRNA-10a, microRNA-342-3p and their predicted target gene TIAM1 in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:345-351. [PMID: 26870215 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in different types of human cancer. T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing factor 1 (TIAM1) participates in the development of several types of human cancer. However, the expression of miRNAs and TIAM1 in extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL) remains poorly understood. In the present study, the association between the expression levels of miR-10a and miR-342-3p and the protein expression levels of TIAM1 was examined in ENKTCL tissues. The expression levels of miR-10a, miR-22, miR-340, miR-342-3p and miR-590-5p in 15 primary ENKTCL tissues were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the protein expression levels of TIAM1 in 21 primary ENKTCL tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of miR-10a and miR-342-3p were lower in ENKTCL tissues than in normal NK cells, but no significant differences were observed in the expression levels of miR-22, miR-340 and miR-590-5p in ENKTCL tissues, compared with normal NK cells. The low expression levels of miR-10a detected in the tissues of patients with ENKTCL were inversely correlated with the age of the patients, whereas the low expression levels of miR-342-3p measured in these samples were not correlated with any demographic or clinical features of the patients. The protein expression levels of TIAM1 were higher in ENKTCL tissues than in normal and reactive lymph node hyperplasia tissues, and positively correlated with the Ann Arbor stage and international prognostic index score of the tumors. Furthermore, the expression levels of miRNA-10a and miRNA-342-3p were inversely correlated with the protein expression levels of TIAM1 in ENKTCL tissues. These data suggest that TIAM1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of ENKTCL, and miRNA-10a and miRNA-342-3p may be involved in the development of ENKTCL via the TIAM1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Liping Fan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhan
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital and Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Shunquan Wu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital and Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Niu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital and Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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The prognostic value of Tiam1 protein expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 34:614-21. [PMID: 26369827 PMCID: PMC4593337 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-015-0053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common cancer worldwide and has a poor prognosis. A biomarker predicting the clinical outcome of HNSCC patients could be useful in guiding treatment planning. Overexpression of the T lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (Tiam1) protein has been implicated in the migration and invasion of neoplasms. However, its role in HNSCC progression needs to be further validated. We detected the expression of Tiam1 in normal and tumor tissues and determined its association with clinical outcomes in patients with HNSCC. Methods We measured the expression of Tiam1 in normal and cancerous tissue samples from the patients with HNSCC treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between 2001 and 2008. The Tiam1 expression was scored from 0 to 12 based on the percentage of positively stained cells and the staining intensity. We then determined the diagnostic performance of this score in predicting overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results Of the 194 evaluable patients, those with advanced disease, lymph node metastasis at diagnosis, and recurrence or metastasis during follow-up had a higher tendency of having high Tiam1 expression as compared with their counterparts (P < 0.05). The proportion of samples with high Tiam1 expression was also higher in cancerous tissues than in non-cancerous tissues (57.7% vs. 13.9%, P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that Tiam1 expression scores of 5 and greater independently predicted short OS and DFS. Conclusion The Tiam1 expression is shown as a promising biomarker of clinical outcomes in patients with HNSCC and should be evaluated in prospective trials.
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Abstract
Signaling via the Rho GTPases provides crucial regulation of numerous cell polarization events, including apicobasal (AB) polarity, polarized cell migration, polarized cell division and neuronal polarity. Here we review the relationships between the Rho family GTPases and epithelial AB polarization events, focusing on the 3 best-characterized members: Rho, Rac and Cdc42. We discuss a multitude of processes that are important for AB polarization, including lumen formation, apical membrane specification, cell-cell junction assembly and maintenance, as well as tissue polarity. Our discussions aim to highlight the immensely complex regulatory mechanisms that encompass Rho GTPase signaling during AB polarization. More specifically, in this review we discuss several emerging common themes, that include: 1) the need for Rho GTPase activities to be carefully balanced in both a spatial and temporal manner through a multitude of mechanisms; 2) the existence of signaling feedback loops and crosstalk to create robust cellular responses; and 3) the frequent multifunctionality that exists among AB polarity regulators. Regarding this latter theme, we provide further discussion of the potential plasticity of the cell polarity machinery and as a result the possible implications for human disease.
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Key Words
- AB, Apicobasal
- AJ, Adherens junction
- Amot, Angiomotin
- Arp2/3, Actin-related protein-2/3
- Baz, Bazooka
- C. elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans
- CA, Constitutively-active
- CD2AP, CD2-associated protein
- Caco2, Human colon carcinoma
- Cdc42
- Cora, Coracle
- Crb, Crumbs
- DN, Dominant-negative
- Dia1, Diaphanous-related formin 1
- Dlg, Discs large
- Drosophila, Drosophila melanogaster
- Dys-β, Dystrobrevin-β
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- Ect2, Epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 oncogene
- Eya1, Eyes absent 1
- F-actin, Filamentous actin
- FRET, Fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- GAP, GTPase-activating protein
- GDI, Guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor
- GEF, Guanine nucleotide exchange factor
- GTPases
- JACOP, Junction-associated coiled-coiled protein
- JAM, Junctional adhesion molecule
- LKB1, Liver kinase B1
- Lgl, Lethal giant larvae
- MDCK, Madin-Darby canine kidney
- MTOC, Microtubule-organizing center
- NrxIV, Neurexin IV
- Pals1, Protein associated with Lin-7 1
- Par, Partitioning-defective
- Patj, Pals1-associated TJ protein
- ROCK, Rho-associated kinase
- Rac
- Rho
- Rich1, RhoGAP interacting with CIP4 homologues
- S. cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- S. pombe, Schizosaccharomyces pombe
- SH3BP1, SH3-domain binding protein 1
- Scrib, Scribble
- Std, Stardust
- TEM4, Tumor endothelial marker 4
- TJ, Tight junction
- Tiam1, T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1
- WASp, Wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein
- Yrt, Yurt
- ZA, zonula adherens
- ZO, Zonula occludens
- aPKC, Atypical Protein Kinase C
- apicobasal
- epithelia
- junction
- par
- polarity
- α-cat, Alpha-catenin
- β-cat, Beta-Catenin
- β2-syn, Beta-2-syntrophin
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ann Mack
- a School of Life Sciences; Queens Medical Center ; University of Nottingham ; Nottingham , UK
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Tiam1 siRNA enhanced the sensitivity of sorafenib on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vivo. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8249-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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