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Hou Y, Zhou M, Li Y, Tian T, Sun X, Chen M, Xu W, Lu M. Risk SNP-mediated LINC01614 upregulation drives head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:797-811. [PMID: 35687049 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the tumorigenesis of various tumors. Genetic variation in long noncoding regions can lead to lncRNA dysfunction and even cancer. Nevertheless, studies on the association between lncRNA-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain inadequate. Here, we aimed to explore the association between SNPs in LINC01614 and HNSCC risk, and the potential role of LINC01614 in tumorigenesis. In this study, we found that rs16854802 A > G (odds ratio [OR] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-1.77, p < 0.001) and rs3113503 G > C (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.15-1.64, p < 0.001) in LINC01614 increased the risk of HNSCC in the Chinese population. Functional bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assay revealed that rs3113503 G > C variant disrupted the binding of miRNA-616-3p to LINC01614, which resulted in the increased expression of LINC01614. Further analysis of the TCGA database demonstrated that the upregulated LINC01614 in HNSCC cancer tissues was associated with poor prognostic in HNSCC patients. In vitro experiments showed that knockdown of LINC01614 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of HNSCC cells. Mechanistically, allele C of rs3113503 in LINC01614 was more effective than allele G in activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, the reduced expression of LINC01614 also inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In summary, our findings revealed that the risk SNP rs3113503 G > C in LINC01614 altered the binding to miR-616-3p, which led to increased LINC01614 expression and promoted HNSCC progression by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuncheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Guidance Center for Social Psychological Service, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenmao Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Public Health, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meixia Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Zinatizadeh MR, Momeni SA, Zarandi PK, Chalbatani GM, Dana H, Mirzaei HR, Akbari ME, Miri SR. The Role and Function of Ras-association domain family in Cancer: A Review. Genes Dis 2019; 6:378-384. [PMID: 31832517 PMCID: PMC6889020 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras gene mutation has been observed in more than 30% of cancers, and 90% of pancreatic, lung and colon cancers. Ras proteins (K-Ras, H-Ras, N-Ras) act as molecular switches which are activated by binding to GTP. They play a role in the cascade of cell process control (proliferation and cell division). In the inactive state, transforming GTP to GDP leads to the activation of GTpase in Ras gene. However, the mutation in Ras leads to the loss of internal GTPase activity and permanent activation of the protein. The activated Ras can promote the cell death or stop cell growth, which are facilitated by Ras-association domain family. Various studies have been conducted to determine the importance of losing RASSF proteins in Ras-induced tumors. This paper examines the role of Ras and RASSF proteins. In general, RASSF proteins can be used as a suitable means for targeting a large group of Ras-induced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zinatizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Momeni
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Peyman Kheirandish Zarandi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Dana
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Cancer Research Center, Shohadae Tajrish Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Rouhollah Miri
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Han P, Liu H, Shi Q, Liu Z, Troy JD, Lee WT, Zevallos JP, Li G, Sturgis EM, Wei Q. Associations between expression levels of nucleotide excision repair proteins in lymphoblastoid cells and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Mol Carcinog 2018. [PMID: 29528139 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and nucleotide excision repair (NER) is involved in SCCHN susceptibility. In this analysis of 349 newly diagnosed SCCHN patients and 295 cancer-free controls, we investigated whether expression levels of eight core NER proteins were associated with risk of SCCHN. We quantified NER protein expression levels in cultured peripheral lymphocytes using a reverse-phase protein microarray. Compared with the controls, SCCHN patients had statistically significantly lower expression levels of ERCC3 and XPA (P = 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). After dividing the subjects by controls' median values of expression levels, we found a dose-dependent association between an increased risk of SCCHN and low expression levels of ERCC3 (adjusted OR, 1.75, and 95% CI: 1.26-2.42; Ptrend = 0.008) and XPA (adjusted OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.35-2.60; Ptrend = 0.001). We also identified a significant multiplicative interaction between smoking status and ERCC3 expression levels (P = 0.014). Finally, after integrating demographic and clinical variables, we found that the addition of ERCC3 and XPA expression levels to the model significantly improved the sensitivity of the expanded model on SCCHN risk. In conclusion, reduced protein expression levels of ERCC3 and XPA were associated with an increased risk of SCCHN. However, these results need to be confirmed in additional large studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Han
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Qiong Shi
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jesse D Troy
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Walter T Lee
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jose P Zevallos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Guojun Li
- Departments of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Erich M Sturgis
- Departments of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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4
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Jia M, Xu Y, Zhu M, Wang M, Sun M, Qian J, Chang J, Wei Q. The P38α rs3804451 Variant Predicts Chemotherapy Response and Survival of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:531-539. [PMID: 27835790 PMCID: PMC5109261 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The JNK and P38α pathways play an important role in the sensitivity and outcomes of chemotherapy. We hypothesize that functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes of these pathways modulate outcomes of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC). We selectively genotyped 11 independent, potentially functional SNPs of 9 genes in the JNK and P38α pathways first in a discovery group of 355 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with PBC, and we evaluated their associations with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Then, resultant significant SNPs were further validated in a replication group of 355 patients. In both discovery and validation groups as well as their combined analysis, the MAPK14 rs3804451GA/AA genotypes showed a strong association with a reduced PFS (adjusted hazards ratio [HR]=1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.16-1.66; P=.0003) and OS (adjusted HR=1.41; 95% CI=1.11-1.80; P=.005) compared with the wild-type GG genotype. In contrast, patients with or without the MAPK14 rs3804451A allele had no significant difference in OS in response to tyrosine-kinase inhibitor treatment (adjusted HR=0.86; 95% CI=0.56-1.33; P=.505). The present study provides evidence that the MAPK14 rs3804451 G>A variant may modulate survival outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with PBC. Larger studies of additional patient populations are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jia
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yuan Xu
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Menghong Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ji Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Fudan Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jianhua Chang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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5
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Jia M, Zhu M, Zhou F, Wang M, Sun M, Yang Y, Wang X, Wang J, Jin L, Xiang J, Zhang Y, Chang J, Wei Q. Genetic variants of JNK and p38α pathways and risk of non-small cell lung cancer in an Eastern Chinese population. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:807-817. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jia
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Department of Oncology; Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Menghong Sun
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Department of Pathology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Xuhui, Shanghai China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences; Taizhou Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences; Taizhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences; Taizhou Jiangsu China
| | - Li Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences; Taizhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jiaqing Xiang
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Xuhui, Shanghai China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Xuhui, Shanghai China
| | - Jianhua Chang
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Department of Medical Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Xuhui, Shanghai China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Medicine; Duke University School of Medicine; Durham NC
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6
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Khalifa RH, Bahgat DMR, Darwish HAH, Shahin RMH. Significant association between FasL gene -844T/C polymorphism and risk to hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients. Immunol Lett 2016; 172:84-8. [PMID: 26891954 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system is the most critical apoptotic signaling entity in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway; hence mutations affecting this pathway may prevent the immune system from the removal of newly-formed tumor cells, and thus lead to tumor formation. The present study investigated the association between the FasL -844T/C polymorphism and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a cohort of Egyptian patients and explored the relationship of various clinical and pathological parameters with this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Blood samples were withdrawn from hundred HCC patients and 100 age-, sex- and ethnically matched controls. The FasL -844T/C (rs763110) gene polymorphism was typed from genomic DNA using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Genotype distributions and allelic frequencies between patients and control subjects showed that the TT homozygous patients were two times more likely to develop HCC (p=0.011). Also, the T allele was found to be a significant risk factor for the disease (OR 1.970, 95% CI 1.250-3.105, p=0.003). No association was detected between different parameters of the disease and the SNP. For the first time, our results suggest that the -844T/C polymorphism in the FasL gene confers risk to HCC. The alarming increase in the incidence of HCC in Egypt encourages further studies to document our results in a larger sample, and recommends more genetic studies hoping to define a genomic risk prediction specific to this cancer in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania H Khalifa
- Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology, Kasr Al-Ainy, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Dina M Rasheed Bahgat
- Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology, Kasr Al-Ainy, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Guo W, Dong Z, Guo Y, Shen S, Guo X, Kuang G, Yang Z. Decreased expression and frequent promoter hypermethylation of RASSF2 and RASSF6 correlate with malignant progression and poor prognosis of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1655-1666. [PMID: 26456015 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The RAS-association domain family (RASSF) consists of 10 members, and several members act as tumor suppressor genes and epigenetically inactivated in different tumor types. The present study investigated the role and methylation status of RASSF2, RASSF3, RASSF4, and RASSF6 in the pathogenesis and prognosis of GCA. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods were used respectively to detect the expression of RASSF2, RASSF3, RASSF4, and RASSF6 in 135 GCA cases and BS-MSP method was used to clarify the methylation status of these four genes. Decreased mRNA and protein expression of RASSF2, RASSF3, RASSF4, and RASSF6 were detected in GCA tumor tissues. Aberrant CpG island methylation of RASSF2, RASSF4, and RASSF6 were detected in GCA tumor tissues and were inversely correlated with the expression levels of these genes. Both of RASSF2 and RASSF6 expression and methylation were associated with TNM stage, depth of invasion, LN metastasis, distant metastasis or recurrence, and UGIC family history. GCA patients with simultaneous negative protein expression of RASSF2 and RASSF6 or with simultaneous methylation of both genes demonstrated poor patient survival. These results suggest that down-regulation of RASSF2, RASSF3, RASSF4, and RASSF6 is a tumor-specific phenomenon and the inactivation of RASSF2 and RASSF6 may be associated with tumor progression. Inactivation of RASSF2, RASSF4, and RASSF6 through CpG island methylation may play important roles in GCA carcinogenesis. A combination of RASSF2 and RASSF6 expression or hypermethylation may serve as useful prognostic biomarker for GCA. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiming Dong
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Yanli Guo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Supeng Shen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Kuang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhibin Yang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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