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Budhiparama NC, Lumban-Gaol I, Sudoyo H, Magetsari R, Wibawa T. The role of genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-1 (IL-1R1 and IL-1RN) in primary knee osteoarthritis in Indonesia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7967. [PMID: 37198429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association of SNPs of the IL-1 family with the clinical severity of knee OA. This case‒control study was performed among 100 healthy knees and 130 osteoarthritis (OA) knees of people aged ≥ 50 years with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. The possible correlations among clinical findings, radiographic evaluations, serum levels of IL-1R1 and IL-1Ra, and genotype analyses were evaluated. Three SNPs of IL-1R1, rs871659, rs3771202, and rs3917238, were associated with primary knee OA. Females with IL-1R1 SNP rs871659 allele A had a higher prevalence of primary knee OA. No correlation was found between SNPs of IL-1R1 and IL-1RN and clinical or radiologic severity or serum concentrations of IL-1R1 and IL-1Ra (p > 0.05). BMI and IL-1R1 rs3917238 genotype C/C were correlated with moderate-severe VAS scores. A correlation was also found between the EQ-5D-3L self-care dimension and obesity and between the EQ-5D-3L pain and usual activity dimensions and age ≥ 60 and obesity (p < 0.05). Radiologic severity was only associated with age ≥ 60 years (p < 0.05). We found the IL-1R1 SNPs rs871659, rs3771202, and rs3917238 to be predisposing factors for primary knee osteoarthritis. The clinical findings, radiographic severity, and serum concentrations of IL-1R1 and IL-1Ra were not correlated with these gene polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas C Budhiparama
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Unversitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
- Nicolaas Institute of Constructive Orthopaedics Research and Education Foundation for Arthroplaty and Sports Medicine, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Imelda Lumban-Gaol
- Nicolaas Institute of Constructive Orthopaedics Research and Education Foundation for Arthroplaty and Sports Medicine, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Rahadyan Magetsari
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tri Wibawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Yin J, Wang C, Vogel U, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Sun Z, Du S. Common variants of pro-inflammatory gene IL1B and interactions with PPP1R13L and POLR1G in relation to lung cancer among Northeast Chinese. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7352. [PMID: 37147350 PMCID: PMC10161999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a complex disease influenced by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. The cytokine interleukin 1 encoded by IL1B is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities. The effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at IL1B has been investigated in relation to cancer with inconsistent results. This Northeastern-Chinese case-control study involving 627 cases and 633 controls evaluated the role of three haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNP) (rs1143633, rs3136558 and rs1143630) representing 95% of the common haplotype diversity across the IL1B gene and assessed interactions with IL1B, PPP1R13L, POLR1G and smoking duration in relation to lung cancer risk. The analyses of five genetic models showed associations with lung cancer risk for rs1143633 in the dominant model [adjusted-OR (95% CI) = 0.67 (0.52-0.85), P = 0.0012] and rs3136558 in the recessive model [adjusted-OR (95% CI) = 1.44 (1.05-1.98), P = 0.025]. Haplotype4 was associated with increased lung cancer risk [adjusted-OR (95% CI) = 1.55 (1.07-2.24), P = 0.021]. The variant G-allele of rs1143633 was protective in smoking sub-group of > 20 years. Using multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analyses, we identified the three best candidate models of interactions and smoking-duration or IL1B rs1143633 as main effect. In conclusion, our findings suggest that IL1B SNP rs1143633 may associate with lower risk of lung cancer, confirming previously identified marker; IL1B SNP rs3136558 and haplotype4 consisting of IL1B htSNPs may associate with increasing risk of lung cancer; interactions of IL1B with POLR1G or PPP1R13L or smoking-duration, which is independent or combined, may involve in risk of lung cancer and lung squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health of Liaoning Education Ministry (Shenyang Medical College), Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China.
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health of Liaoning Education Ministry (Shenyang Medical College), Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yegang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health of Liaoning Education Ministry (Shenyang Medical College), Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health of Liaoning Education Ministry (Shenyang Medical College), Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health of Liaoning Education Ministry (Shenyang Medical College), Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Du
- College of Information, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China
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Wierzbicki PM, Czajkowski M, Kotulak-Chrząszcz A, Bukowicz J, Dzieciuch K, Sokołowska-Wojdyło M, Kmieć Z, Matuszewski M. Altered mRNA Expression of NFKB1 and NFKB2 Genes in Penile Lichen Sclerosus, Penile Cancer and Zoon Balanitis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247254. [PMID: 36555871 PMCID: PMC9784631 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear factor-κB transcription factors 1 and 2 (NFKB1 and NFKB2) are key components of the NF-κB pathway, which responds to inflammatory signals. Since the NFKB1/2 factors are activated via different inflammatory molecules, we aimed to check their expression levels in penile cancer (PC), penile dermatoses: lichen sclerosus (PLS) and zoon balanitis (ZB). METHODS Skin biopsies from altered and healthy looking foreskin were obtained from 59 (49 LS; early PLS: 13, moderate PLS: 32, severe PLS: 4; 6 PC; 4 ZB) and unchanged foreskin from 13 healthy control adult males undergoing circumcision. NFKB1/2 mRNA levels were quantified by qPCR. RESULTS The highest levels of NFKB1 and NFKB2 were observed in PC, ca. 22 and 3.5 times higher than in control, respectively. NFKB1 expression was correlated with PLS progression (rs = 0.667) and was ca. 20 times higher in advanced PLS than in controls and early PLS. Occurrence of micro-incontinence was associated with elevated NFKB1 levels in PLS. CONCLUSION This is the first study regarding gene profiles of NFKB1/2 in PC and penile dermatoses. New drugs targeting modulation of canonical-activated NF-κB pathway should be studied and introduced to the treatment of PLS and PC apart from other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr M. Wierzbicki
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Czajkowski
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 Street, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Justyna Bukowicz
- Hematology Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 Street, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dzieciuch
- Early Phase Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Gdańsk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 Street, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Sokołowska-Wojdyło
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 Street, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Matuszewski
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 Street, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
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Ma Y, Su X, Li X, Zhi X, Jiang K, Xia J, Li H, Yan C, Zhou L. Combined detection of peripheral blood VEGF and inflammation biomarkers to evaluate the clinical response and prognostic prediction of non-operative ESCC. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15305. [PMID: 34315926 PMCID: PMC8316563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between angiogenesis/inflammation status and tumor has been reported in various types of cancer. This study sought to assess the role of peripheral blood VEGF and some inflammation biomarkers in evaluating clinical response and prognosis in patients with non-operative esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Peripheral blood of 143 patients with non-operative ESCC at our institute was dynamically collected at 5 time points including 1 day before radiotherapy, during radiotherapy (15f), at the end of radiotherapy, 1 month after radiotherapy, and 3 months after radiotherapy. VEGF expression in the peripheral blood was detected and related inflammation biomarkers such as GPS, CAR and CLR were counted. Logistic regression and Cox regression were implemented respectively to analyze the correlation of each predictor with clinical response and prognosis. The performance of combined testing was estimated using AUCs. Based on independent predictors, a nomogram prediction model was established to predict the probabilities of 1- and 2-year PFS of patients. The effectiveness of the nomogram model was characterized by C-index, AUC, calibration curves and DCA. VEGF and CLR levels at the end of radiotherapy were independent predictors of clinical response, while VEGF and GPS levels at 3 months after radiotherapy were independent prognostic predictors. The efficacy of combined detection of VEGF and CLR is superior to the single detection in evaluating clinical response and prognosis. The nomogram showed excellent accuracy in predicting PFS. The combined detection of VEGF and CLR at the end of radiotherapy can be used to evaluate the clinical response of patients with non-operative ESCC, and the combined detection of VEGF and GPS 3 months after radiotherapy can be used to predict the prognosis. Implemented by nomogram model, it is expected to provide practical and reliable method to evaluate the clinical response and prognosis of patients with non-operative ESCC tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Xinyu Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Kan Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Jianhong Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Liqing Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China.
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Hou Y, Zhang B, Miao L, Ji Y, Yu Y, Zhu L, Ma H, Yuan H. Association of long non‐coding RNA MEG3 polymorphisms with oral squamous cell carcinoma risk. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1318-1324. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunwen Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Limin Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yefeng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Longbiao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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Zhu J, Ling Y, Xu Y, Lu M, Liu Y, Zhang C. Promoter hypermethylation of the RECK gene is associated with its low expression and poor survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1911-1918. [PMID: 28454343 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the association between the methylation status of the reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK) gene and its mRNA expression levels in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The methylation status of RECK was analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and RECK mRNA expression levels were analyzed by quantitative PCR, in 310 paired ESCC tissues. The mean RECK methylation index (MI) was 0.65 in ESCCs and 0.49 in non-tumor samples. There was a significant association between RECK methylation and the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and lymph node metastasis in ESCC (P<0.0001; P=0.001). The mRNA expression level of RECK was lower in ESCC tissues (mean-∆Cq=-4.66) compared with non-tumor tissues (mean-∆Cq=-2.79), and decreased RECK mRNA expression levels were associated with lymph node metastasis in ESCC. In addition, RECK mRNA levels were decreased in ESCC patients with hypermethylation of the RECK gene (∆MI >0.16; mean-∆∆Cq=-2.85) compared with those with hypomethylation of the RECK gene (∆MI ≤0.16; mean-∆∆Ct=-0.83), and there was a significant difference in the mRNA expression levels of RECK between those with N0-1 and N2-3 lymph node metastasis (P<0.0001). A significant correlation was observed between RECK mRNA expression levels, the MI of RECK and poor postoperative survival (P=0.0003; P<0.0001). The results of the present study suggested that promoter hypermethylation may be an important factor for loss of RECK mRNA expression and may be an indicator of poor survival in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Clinical Oncology Laboratory, Changzhou Cancer Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213002, P.R. China
| | - Yang Ling
- Clinical Oncology Laboratory, Changzhou Cancer Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213002, P.R. China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Oncology, Nanyang Center Hospital, Nanyang, Henan 473000, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Lu
- Clinical Oncology Laboratory, Changzhou Cancer Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213002, P.R. China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Clinical Oncology Laboratory, Changzhou Cancer Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213002, P.R. China
| | - Changsong Zhang
- Clinical Oncology Laboratory, Changzhou Cancer Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213002, P.R. China
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Nie XJ, Liu WM, Zhang L. Association of VEGF Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk and Prognosis of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3658-3665. [PMID: 27729640 PMCID: PMC5074797 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common type of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) globally. The aims of this study were to further systematically clarify the potential association of rs833061 (-460 C>T) and rs1570360 (-1154 G>A), two SNPs of VEGF, with the risk of cSCC and the prognostic impacts on cSCC patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS This hospital-based case-control study analyzed peripheral venous blood collected from 100 cSCC patients and 124 healthy controls, and gathered personal information on patients. Genotypes of the VEGF gene -460C>T and -1154G>A polymorphism were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Different distributions of allele frequencies and genotype in the case and control group were measured, comparing different genotype differences in the survival of patients with cSCC. RESULTS Distributions of allele frequencies and genotype of -460 C>T in the case and control group were statistically different; the TT + CT genotype was significantly correlated with a decrease risk of cSCC (OR=0.36, 95% CI=0.21-0.63, P<0.001). There was no difference in the distribution of allele frequencies and genotype of -1154 G>A between control and case groups. For -1154460C>T, the CC genotype was an adverse factor, associated with a significant decrease in the survival status of cSCC patients (P<0.001). For VEGF-1154 G>A, the AA genotype was significantly correlated with the reduced overall survival in cSCC patients, with the mean survival time of 23.88 months (P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS The VEGF gene -460 C>T polymorphism and -1154 G>A polymorphism may serve as potential genetic markers for the risk and prognosis of cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Nie
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Wen-Min Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Zhang B, Qiangba Y, Shang P, Lu Y, Yang Y, Wang Z, Zhang H. Gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A and hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan pig. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:21. [PMID: 27042296 PMCID: PMC4818941 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) can induce endothelial cell proliferation, promote cell migration, and inhibit apoptosis. These processes play key roles in physiological blood vessel formation and pathological angiogenesis. Methods In this study, we examined VEGFA gene expression in the heart, liver, and kidney of Tibetan pigs (TP), Yorkshire pigs that migrated to high altitudes (YH), and Yorkshire pigs that lived at low altitudes (YL). We used PCR and Sanger sequencing to screen for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 5ʹ-flanking DNA and exons of the VEGFA gene. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blots were used to measure expression levels and PCR products were sequenced. Results Results showed that the VEGFA mRNA and protein expression in heart, liver and kidney of TP was higher than that in YH and YL. In addition, the mRNA sequence of the pig VEGFA gene was conserved among pig breeds, and only five SNPs were found in the 5ʹ-flanking region of the VEGFA gene, the allele frequency distributions of the 5 SNPs were not significantly different between the TP, Yorkshire (YL), and Diannan small-ear (DN) pig populations. Conclusion In conclusion, the Tibetan pig showed high levels of VEGFA gene expression in several hypoxic tissues, which suggests that the VEGFA gene may play a major functional role in hypoxic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzong Qiangba
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Tibet University, Linzhi, 860000 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Shang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China ; College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Tibet University, Linzhi, 860000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- School of life science & technology, Nanyang normal University, Nanyang, 473061 Henan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzeng Yang
- Hebei Provincial Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Baoding, Hebei 071001 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
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