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Czarnecka AM, Ostaszewski K, Błoński P, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Kozak K, Placzke J, Borkowska A, Terlecka A, Rogala P, Świtaj T, Sałamacha M, Mitręga-Korab B, Krotewicz M, Dudzisz-Śledź M, Rutkowski P. Preoperative-postoperative immunotherapy as treatment of borderline resectable and oligoprogressive stage III B-D and IV melanoma. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2024; 50:108382. [PMID: 38763112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.108382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perioperative therapy has gained significant importance in patients with advanced melanoma. Currently, there is little data on the routine use of preoperative immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma outside clinical trials. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative treatment in patients with borderline resectable stage III or IV melanoma as well as in oligoprogressing stage IV cases; the secondary aim is to describe the safety of surgery after immunotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Since 1/Jan/2016 seventeen patients were treated with curative intent neoadjuvant immunotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant immunotherapy, while nineteen patients were operated due to oligoprogression while treted with immunotherapy. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and association between variables was tested using the chi-squared test. RESULTS R0 resection was achieved in 76.5 % of cases after neoadjuvant immunotherapy. 24 % of patients achieved objective RECIST response and 35 % complete or major pathological response. At the median follow-up time of 51.4 months, 64.7 % of patients were free of PD after perioperative treatment, while 3-year RFS and OS rates were 68 % and 80.9 %, respectively. R0 resection was achieved in 73.7 % of oligo-progressing nodules. The median time to PD on immunotherapy after the first oligoprogression was 10.3 months. Immunotherapy did not result in any unexpected surgical complications. No patient died during preoperative treatment due to immunotherapy toxicity or disease progression. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed treatment safety and long-term disease control after perioperative immunotherapy. Patients with borderline resectable melanoma should be referred to reference centers using neoadjuvant immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Ostaszewski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Błoński
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kozak
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Placzke
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Borkowska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Radiology I, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Terlecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Rogala
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Świtaj
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Sałamacha
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Mitręga-Korab
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Krotewicz
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dudzisz-Śledź
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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He Y, Wu S, Rietveld M, Vermeer M, Cruz LJ, Eich C, El Ghalbzouri A. Application of Doxorubicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles targeting both tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts on 3D human skin equivalents mimicking melanoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 160:213831. [PMID: 38552501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) use in cancer therapy is extensively studied in skin cancers. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major tumor microenvironment (TME) component, promote cancer progression, making dual targeting of cancer cells and CAFs an effective therapy. However, dual NP-based targeting therapy on both tumor cells and CAFs is poorly investigated in skin cancers. Herein, we prepared and characterized doxorubicin-loaded PLGA NPs (DOX@PLGA NPs) and studied their anti-tumor effects on cutaneous melanoma (SKCM)(AN, M14) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) (MET1, MET2) cell lines in monolayer, as well as their impact on CAF deactivation. Then, we established 3D full thickness models (FTM) models of SKCM and cSCC using AN or MET2 cells on dermis matrix populated with CAFs respectively, and assessed the NPs' tumor penetration, tumor-killing ability, and CAF phenotype regulation through both topical administration and intradermal injection. The results show that, in monolayer, DOX@PLGA NPs inhibited cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with a weaker effect on CAFs. DOX@PLGA NPs reduced CAF-marker expression and had successful anti-tumor effects in 3D skin cancer FTMs, with decreased tumor-load and invasion. DOX@PLGA NPs also showed great delivery potential in the FTMs and could be used as a platform for future functional study of NPs in skin cancers using human-derived skin equivalents. This study provides promising evidence for the potential of DOX@PLGA NPs in dual targeting therapy for SKCM and cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Shidi Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Rietveld
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Vermeer
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Eich
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Mellemgaard C, Christensen IJ, Salkus G, Wirenfeldt Staun P, Korsgaard N, Hein Lindahl K, Skaarup Larsen M, Klausen S, Lade-Keller J. Reducing workload in malignant melanoma sentinel node examination: a national study of pathology reports from 507 melanoma patients. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:312-317. [PMID: 36737244 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Even though extensive melanoma sentinel node (SN) pathology protocols increase metastasis detection, there is a need for balancing high detection rates with reasonable workload. A newly tested Danish protocol recommended examining nodes at six levels 150 µm apart (six-level model) and using SOX10 and Melan-A immunohistochemistry (IHC). We explored if a protocol examining 3 levels 300 µm apart (three-level model) combined with IHC would compromise metastasis detection. The study aim was to optimise the protocol to reduce workload without compromising detection rate. METHODS 8 months after protocol implementation, we reviewed the pathology reports of SNs from 507 melanoma patients nationwide, including 117 SN-positive patients. Each report was reviewed to determine histopathological features, including detection of metastasis, exact levels with metastasis, exact levels with metastasis >1 mm in diameter and IHC results. RESULTS The six-level model detected metastases in 23% of patients, whereas the three-level model would have detected metastases in 22% of patients. The three-level model would have missed a few small metastases (n=4), measuring <0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.4 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. The six-level model detected metastases >1 mm in 7% of patients. One of these metastases (measuring 1.1 mm) would have been detected by the three-level model, but not as >1 mm. SOX10 and Melan-A had equal sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Reducing the number of levels examined to three levels 300 µm apart combined with IHC does not have significant impact on metastasis detection rate, and we will therefore recommend that the future melanoma SN guideline takes this into consideration to reduce overall workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mellemgaard
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ib Jarle Christensen
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Giedrius Salkus
- Department of Pathology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Korsgaard
- Department of Pathology, Hospital South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Siri Klausen
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
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Nelissen S, Miller AD. Assessment of SOX10 expression in 437 canine neoplasms of different embryologic origins. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241231562. [PMID: 38366813 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241231562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Several members of the SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) protein family are implicated in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and regulation of the tumor microenvironment. SOX10, which is involved in neural crest cell migration and differentiation, has long been recognized a sensitive and specific immunohistochemical (IHC) marker in the diagnosis of melanoma in humans. However, expression of SOX10 in other tumor types has infrequently been evaluated in humans until recently and has not been thoroughly investigated in the dog. Our aim was to characterize the expression of SOX10 in canine neoplasms to objectively assess its value as a diagnostic IHC marker. Immunohistochemistry for SOX10 was performed on 437 archived, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from representative canine neoplasms of ectodermal (15 tumor types), mesodermal (13 tumor types), endodermal (8 tumor types), and mixed/unknown (7 tumor types) embryologic origin. Oral and cutaneous tumors of melanocytic origin were used as positive controls. Intense SOX10 immunolabeling was observed in most tumors of ectodermal origin, including consistent expression in mammary carcinomas, and gliomas. Embryonal and hair follicle neoplasms inconsistently exhibited strong nuclear immunolabeling. Oral fibrosarcomas and undifferentiated oral sarcomas both inconsistently exhibited moderate to strong nuclear immunolabeling. Neoplasms of mesodermal and endodermal origin lacked immunolabeling. Salivary carcinomas, representing an unknown/mixed embryologic origin, were strongly labeled. SOX10 expression is not limited to melanomas, but is expressed by canine tumors of diverse tissues and embryologic derivation. Importantly, expression of SOX10 by a subset of oral sarcomas impairs its value as a marker for spindle cell oral melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Nelissen
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Thaveenthiran P, Bae L, Wewelwala C, Zhou K. Primary small intestine angiosarcoma mimicking Crohn's disease. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e255424. [PMID: 38290985 PMCID: PMC10828878 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-255424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A man in his 40s presented to an emergency department after experiencing worsening abdominal pain for 2 days. Contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis revealed circumferential mural thickening and luminal narrowing of the distal ileum and upstream dilatation of the small intestine, indicating small intestine obstruction. This prompted emergency laparotomy, where two lesions in the distal ileum were identified as the source of his bowel obstruction and resected. Immunohistochemistry of the resected segment revealed a primary small intestine angiosarcoma acting positively for vascular markers ERG and CD31. A subsequent positron emission tomography (PET) scan revealed positive mediastinal metastatic lymphadenopathy without organ metastases.Following his surgery, the patient recovered well and was promptly referred to an oncology unit at a specialised health centre for further treatment. Primary small intestine angiosarcoma is a rare entity in which patients present with non-specific symptoms requiring prompt tissue diagnosis to facilitate multidisciplinary management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanthan Thaveenthiran
- General Surgery, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Trauma, National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lily Bae
- General Surgery, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kevin Zhou
- Radiology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Spiliopoulou P, Holanda Lopes CD, Spreafico A. Promising and Minimally Invasive Biomarkers: Targeting Melanoma. Cells 2023; 13:19. [PMID: 38201222 PMCID: PMC10777980 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic landscape of malignant melanoma has been radically reformed in recent years, with novel treatments emerging in both the field of cancer immunotherapy and signalling pathway inhibition. Large-scale tumour genomic characterization has accurately classified malignant melanoma into four different genomic subtypes so far. Despite this, only somatic mutations in BRAF oncogene, as assessed in tumour biopsies, has so far become a validated predictive biomarker of treatment with small molecule inhibitors. The biology of tumour evolution and heterogeneity has uncovered the current limitations associated with decoding genomic drivers based only on a single-site tumour biopsy. There is an urgent need to develop minimally invasive biomarkers that accurately reflect the real-time evolution of melanoma and that allow for streamlined collection, analysis, and interpretation. These will enable us to face challenges with tumour tissue attainment and process and will fulfil the vision of utilizing "liquid biopsy" to guide clinical decisions, in a manner akin to how it is used in the management of haematological malignancies. In this review, we will summarize the most recent published evidence on the role of minimally invasive biomarkers in melanoma, commenting on their future potential to lead to practice-changing discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Spiliopoulou
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada;
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Anna Spreafico
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada;
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7
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Cheng TW, Hartsough E, Giubellino A. Sentinel lymph node assessment in melanoma: current state and future directions. Histopathology 2023; 83:669-684. [PMID: 37526026 DOI: 10.1111/his.15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of sentinel lymph node status is an important step in the evaluation of patients with melanoma for both prognosis and therapeutic management. Pathologists have an important role in this evaluation. The methodologies have varied over time, from the evaluation of dimensions of metastatic burden to determination of the location of the tumour deposits within the lymph node to precise cell counting. However, no single method of sentinel lymph node tumour burden measurement can currently be used as a sole independent predictor of prognosis. The management approach to sentinel lymph node-positive patients has also evolved over time, with a more conservative approach recently recognised for selected cases. This review gives an overview of past and current status in the field with a glimpse into future directions based on prior experiences and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany W Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emily Hartsough
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alessio Giubellino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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8
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Suman S, Markovic SN. Melanoma-derived mediators can foster the premetastatic niche: crossroad to lymphatic metastasis. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:724-743. [PMID: 37573226 PMCID: PMC10528107 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of advanced malignant melanoma demonstrates that, in most cases, widespread tumor dissemination is preceded by regional metastases involving tumor-draining lymph nodes [sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs)]. Under physiological conditions, LNs play a central role in immunosurveillance to non-self-antigens to which they are exposed via afferent lymph. The dysfunctional immunity in SLNs is mediated by tumor secretory factors that allow the survival of metastatic melanoma cells within the LN by creating a premetastatic niche (PMN). Recent studies outline the altered microenvironment of LNs shaped by melanoma mediators. Here, we discuss tumor secretory factors involved in subverting tumor immunity and remodeling LNs and highlight emerging therapeutic strategies to reinvigorate antitumoral immunity in SLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Suman
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Svetomir N Markovic
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Do Q, Farooqui ZA, Parajuli D. Primary Epithelioid Angiosarcoma of the Colon With Peritoneal Carcinomatosis. Cureus 2023; 15:e36709. [PMID: 37113364 PMCID: PMC10129070 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a rare mesenchymal tissue neoplasm, typically involving lymphatic or vascular endothelial cells. The tumor can arise anywhere in the body, though it is most often found as cutaneous lesions in the head and neck region. Due to its rarity, a diagnosis can sometimes be missed, especially when the sarcoma involves an uncommon site like the gastrointestinal tract. In this case, we describe a male patient who was found to have primary epithelioid angiosarcoma of the colon. Initial biopsies with immunohistochemistry staining were weakly positive for anti-cytokeratin (CAM 5.2) and negative for SRY-Box transcription factor 10 (SOX-10) and B-cell-specific activator protein (PAX-5). He was misdiagnosed as having poorly differentiated carcinoma as a result. However, a more in-depth look at the colon specimen after tumor resection revealed CD-31 and factor VIII positivity, which established the diagnosis of epithelioid angiosarcoma of the colon. This case suggests the use of rare histopathology markers as part of the workup for colonic lesions to confirm the diagnosis, especially when tissue biopsy is limited.
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Porcellato I, Orlandi M, Lo Giudice A, Sforna M, Mechelli L, Brachelente C. Canine melanocytes: Immunohistochemical expression of melanocytic markers in different somatic areas. Vet Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 36808650 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoblasts originate in the neural crest from where they migrate to peripheral tissues and differentiate into melanocytes. Alteration during melanocyte development and life can cause different diseases, ranging from pigmentary disorders and decreased visual and auditory functions, to tumours such as melanoma. Location and phenotypical features of melanocytes have been characterised in different species, yet data on dogs are lacking. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the expression of melanocytic markers Melan A, PNL2, TRP1, TRP2, SOX-10 and MITF in melanocytes of selected cutaneous and mucosal surfaces of dogs. ANIMALS At necropsy, samples from five dogs were harvested from oral mucosa, mucocutaneous junction, eyelid, nose and haired skin (abdomen, back, pinna, head). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to assess marker expression. RESULTS Results showed variable expression of melanocytic markers in different anatomical sites, particularly within epidermis of haired skin and dermal melanocytes. Melan A and SOX-10 were the most specific and sensitive melanocytic markers. PNL2 was less sensitive, while TRP1 and TRP2 were seldomly expressed by intraepidermal melanocytes in haired skin. MITF had a good sensitivity, yet the expression often was weak. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results indicate a variable expression of melanocytic markers in different sites, suggesting the presence of subpopulations of melanocytes. These preliminary results pave the way to understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in degenerative melanocytic disorders and melanoma. Furthermore, the possible different expression of melanocyte markers in different anatomical sites could influence their sensitivity and specificity when used for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Porcellato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Margherita Orlandi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Adriana Lo Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Sforna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Mechelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Brachelente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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11
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Magallón-Lorenz M, Terribas E, Ortega-Bertran S, Creus-Bachiller E, Fernández M, Requena G, Rosas I, Mazuelas H, Uriarte-Arrazola I, Negro A, Lausová T, Castellanos E, Blanco I, DeVries G, Kawashima H, Legius E, Brems H, Mautner V, Kluwe L, Ratner N, Wallace M, Fernández-Rodriguez J, Lázaro C, Fletcher JA, Reuss D, Carrió M, Gel B, Serra E. Deep genomic analysis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cell lines challenges current malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor diagnosis. iScience 2023; 26:106096. [PMID: 36818284 PMCID: PMC9929861 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are soft-tissue sarcomas of the peripheral nervous system that develop either sporadically or in the context of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). MPNST diagnosis can be challenging and treatment outcomes are poor. We present here a resource consisting of the genomic characterization of 9 widely used human MPNST cell lines for their use in translational research. NF1-related cell lines recapitulated primary MPNST copy number profiles, exhibited NF1, CDKN2A, and SUZ12/EED tumor suppressor gene (TSG) inactivation, and presented no gain-of-function mutations. In contrast, sporadic cell lines collectively displayed different TSG inactivation patterns and presented kinase-activating mutations, fusion genes, altered mutational frequencies and COSMIC signatures, and different methylome-based classifications. Cell lines re-classified as melanomas and other sarcomas exhibited a different drug-treatment response. Deep genomic analysis, methylome-based classification, and cell-identity marker expression, challenged the identity of common MPNST cell lines, opening an opportunity to revise MPNST differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Magallón-Lorenz
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Terribas
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ortega-Bertran
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08098 Barcelona, Spain,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgar Creus-Bachiller
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08098 Barcelona, Spain,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Fernández
- Cytometry Core Facility, Germans Trias & Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Requena
- Cytometry Core Facility, Germans Trias & Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inma Rosas
- Clinical Genomics Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain,Clinical Genomics Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Northern Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Mazuelas
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar Uriarte-Arrazola
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Negro
- Clinical Genomics Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain,Clinical Genomics Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Northern Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tereza Lausová
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Castellanos
- Clinical Genomics Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain,Clinical Genomics Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Northern Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Clinical Genomics Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain,Genetic Counseling Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Northern Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Hiroyuki Kawashima
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Palliative Care Team, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Eric Legius
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Brems
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Viktor Mautner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lan Kluwe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Margaret Wallace
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, and UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Juana Fernández-Rodriguez
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08098 Barcelona, Spain,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08098 Barcelona, Spain,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan A. Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 20 Shattuck Street, Thorn 528, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Reuss
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meritxell Carrió
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Gel
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain,Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain,Corresponding author
| | - Eduard Serra
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain,Corresponding author
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12
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Abdullah BH, Hameedi AD. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of S100, Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin, Podoplanin, Matrix Metalloproteinase 13, and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2neu Markers in Basal Cell Carcinoma Variants. Cureus 2022; 14:e31221. [PMID: 36505148 PMCID: PMC9729712 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Variants of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) appear to behave biologically differently. Several histological patterns impact the concept of low-risk (indolent) and high-risk (aggressive) types in the head and neck. This study aims to assess the biological behavior of BCC variants by immunohistochemical expression of S100, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), podoplanin, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)neu biomarkers. Methodology A total of 65 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of BCC of the head and neck were retrieved from the collections of the Histopathology Department of the Medical City Teaching Complex and the Ghazi Al-Harerri Hospital at the University of Baghdad's College of Dentistry, spanning the years 2015 through 2021. S100, α-SMA, podoplanin, MMP-13, and HER2neu biomarkers were used to perform immunohistochemical analysis (Abcam). Results This study noticed different expressions of S100, α-SMA, podoplanin, MMP-13, and HER2neu between different variants. There was no immunohistochemical expression in perineural invasion with all cases of BCC variants. The highest expression was seen in HER2neu, MMP-13, and α-SMA with aggressive histological patterns. There was no podoplanin lymphatic vessel density immunoexpressing in all variants, while tumoral podoplanin showed a significant difference in all variants. HER2neu was correlated with all other biomarkers. Conclusions HER2neu, MMP-13, and α-SMA biomarkers can be used as diagnostic markers to predict the aggressive biological behavior of BCC tumors.
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13
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Actualities in the Morphology and Immunohistochemistry of Cutaneous and Ocular Melanoma: What Lies Ahead? A Single-Centre Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102500. [PMID: 36289768 PMCID: PMC9599614 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive melanocytic tumor whose incidence is continuously increasing worldwide. METHODS We highlight the morphological, immunohistochemistry, and particularities of various melanoma types based on the cases diagnosed in our department from 2017 to 2021. RESULTS We present 100 melanoma cases and one capsular nevus case. The most common type was nodular melanoma. The immunohistochemistry markers used were SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10), S100 protein, human melanoma black 45 (HMB45), and melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (Melan-A). Uveal melanoma and conjunctival melanoma represent particular tumors with independent prognostic factors. Uveal melanoma requires assessment of macrophages, microvascularisation, and mitoses. Sentinel lymph node metastases are essential targets that provide staging tools. Conjunctival melanoma and capsular nevi are diagnostic pitfalls. CONCLUSION Melanoma can appear in various forms, and sometimes the diagnosis might be unclear. Today, immunohistochemistry remains the most important tool in confirming the diagnosis and prognosis for this type of neoplasia.
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14
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Identification and quantification of nociceptive Schwann cells in mice with and without Streptozotocin-induced diabetes. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 123:102118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Ricci C, Dika E, Ambrosi F, Lambertini M, Veronesi G, Barbara C. Cutaneous Melanomas: A Single Center Experience on the Usage of Immunohistochemistry Applied for the Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5911. [PMID: 35682589 PMCID: PMC9180684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (cM) is the deadliest of all primary skin cancers. Its prognosis is strongly influenced by the stage at diagnosis, with early stages having a good prognosis and being potentially treatable with surgery alone; advanced stages display a much worse prognosis, with a high rate of recurrence and metastasis. For this reason, the accurate and early diagnosis of cM is crucial-misdiagnosis may have extremely dangerous consequences for the patient and drastically reduce their chances of survival. Although the histological exam remains the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of cM, a continuously increasing number of immunohistochemical markers that could help in diagnosis, prognostic characterization, and appropriate therapeutical choices are identified every day, with some of them becoming part of routine practice. This review aims to discuss and summarize all the data related to the immunohistochemical analyses that are potentially useful for the diagnosis of cM, thus rendering it easier to appropriately applicate to routine practice. We will discuss these topics, as well as the role of these molecules in the biology of cM and potential impact on diagnosis and treatment, integrating the literature data with the experience of our surgical pathology department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Ricci
- Pathology Unit, Ospedale Maggiore, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (C.R.); (F.A.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Emi Dika
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Francesca Ambrosi
- Pathology Unit, Ospedale Maggiore, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (C.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Martina Lambertini
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (G.V.)
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (G.V.)
| | - Corti Barbara
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, 40139 Bologna, Italy
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Amalinei C, Grigoraș A, Lozneanu L, Căruntu ID, Giușcă SE, Balan RA. The Interplay between Tumour Microenvironment Components in Malignant Melanoma. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030365. [PMID: 35334544 PMCID: PMC8953474 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma has shown an increasing incidence during the last two decades, exhibiting a large spectrum of locations and clinicopathological characteristics. Although current histopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular methods provide a deep insight into its biological behaviour and outcome, melanoma is still an unpredictable disease, with poor outcome. This review of the literature is aimed at updating the knowledge regarding melanoma’s clinicopathological and molecular hallmarks, including its heterogeneity and plasticity, involving cancer stem cells population. A special focus is given on the interplay between different cellular components and their secretion products in melanoma, considering its contribution to tumour progression, invasion, metastasis, recurrences, and resistance to classical therapy. Furthermore, the influences of the specific tumour microenvironment or “inflammasome”, its association with adipose tissue products, including the release of “extracellular vesicles”, and distinct microbiota are currently studied, considering their influences on diagnosis and prognosis. An insight into melanoma’s particular features may reveal new molecular pathways which may be exploited in order to develop innovative therapeutic approaches or tailored therapy.
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Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with few therapeutic options, increased biological understanding and unprecedented innovations in therapies targeting mutated driver genes and immune checkpoints have substantially improved the prognosis of patients. However, the low response rate and inevitable occurrence of resistance to currently available targeted therapies have posed the obstacle in the path of melanoma management to obtain further amelioration. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying melanoma pathogenesis more comprehensively, which might lead to more substantial progress in therapeutic approaches and expand clinical options for melanoma therapy. In this review, we firstly make a brief introduction to melanoma epidemiology, clinical subtypes, risk factors, and current therapies. Then, the signal pathways orchestrating melanoma pathogenesis, including genetic mutations, key transcriptional regulators, epigenetic dysregulations, metabolic reprogramming, crucial metastasis-related signals, tumor-promoting inflammatory pathways, and pro-angiogenic factors, have been systemically reviewed and discussed. Subsequently, we outline current progresses in therapies targeting mutated driver genes and immune checkpoints, as well as the mechanisms underlying the treatment resistance. Finally, the prospects and challenges in the development of melanoma therapy, especially immunotherapy and related ongoing clinical trials, are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Todeschini A, Loconte I, Contaldo A, Ierardi E, Di Leo A, Principi M. Small Bowel Metastatic Melanoma: An Emblematic “Coal-Black” Appearance at Videocapsule Endoscopy. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57121313. [PMID: 34946258 PMCID: PMC8707397 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 80-year-old woman underwent vulvar melanoma resection and segmental lung resection for pulmonary metastasis. Immunotherapy with Nivolumab was performed. One year later, the patient was admitted for gastrointestinal (GI) recurrent bleeding and severe anemia. Esophagoastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy did not show any abnormality, while videocapsule endoscopy (VCE) revealed an irregular and exophytic whitish area with a “coal-black” central depression. Small bowel resection was performed and histological examination revealed S100 protein strongly positive melanoma metastasis. The patient died six months later from disease progression. A “coal-black” appearance of intestinal metastatic melanoma has been described only twice before this report. In one case the patient had been treated by immunotherapy with interferon A and dendritic cell-based vaccination. In our patient, it is presumable that the picture we observed was a consequence of Nivolumab treatment inducing the disappearance of melanocytes in the area surrounding the metastasis with the onset of the central coal-black lesion encircled by whitish tissue. This picture should be emblematic of intestinal metastatic melanoma in subjects treated with immunotherapy showing occult/obscure bleeding.
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Abstract
Conventional histopathology is the primary means of melanoma diagnosis. Both architectural and cytologic features aid in discrimination of melanocytic nevi from melanoma. Communication between the clinician and pathologist regarding the history, examination, differential diagnosis, prior biopsy findings, method of sampling, and specimen orientation is critical to an accurate diagnosis. A melanoma pathology report includes multiple prognostic indicators to guide surgical and medical management. In challenging cases, immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnostics may be of benefit.
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The role of SOX family transcription factors in gastric cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:608-624. [PMID: 33662423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. GC is the third-most common cause of cancer-related death after lung and colorectal cancer. It is also the fifth-most commonly diagnosed cancer. Accumulating evidence has revealed the role of signaling networks in GC progression. Identification of these molecular pathways can provide new insight into therapeutic approaches for GC. Several molecular factors involved in GC can play both onco-suppressor and oncogene roles. Sex-determining region Y (Sry)-box-containing (SOX) family members are transcription factors with a well-known role in cancer. SOX proteins can bind to DNA to regulate cellular pathways via a highly conserved domain known as high mobility group (HMG). In the present review, the roles of SOX proteins in the progression and/or inhibition of GC are discussed. The dual role of SOX proteins as tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing factors is highlighted. SOX members can affect upstream mediators (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and NF-κB) and down-stream mediators (FAK, HIF-1α, CDX2 and PTEN) in GC. The possible role of anti-tumor compounds to target SOX pathway members in GC therapy is described. Moreover, SOX proteins may be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in GC.
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Zhang J, Liu H, Zhang W, Li Y, Fan Z, Jiang H, Luo J. Identification of lncRNA-mRNA Regulatory Module to Explore the Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Melanoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:615671. [PMID: 33392203 PMCID: PMC7773644 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.615671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is an aggressive form of skin cancer that results in high mortality rate worldwide. It is vital to discover effective prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of melanoma. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been verified to play an essential role in the regulation of gene expression in diseases and tumors. Therefore, it is significant to explore the function of lncRNAs in the development and progression of SKCM. In this paper, a set of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were first screened out using 471 cutaneous melanoma samples and 813 normal skin samples. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed to obtain the significant function annotations and pathways of DEmRNAs. We also ran survival analysis on both DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs to identify prognostic-related lncRNAs and mRNAs. Next, a set of hub genes derived from protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and lncRNA target genes screened from starbase-ENCORI database were integrated to construct a lncRNA-mRNA regulatory module, which includes 6 lncRNAs 4 target mRNAs. We further checked the capacity of these lncRNA and mRNA in the diagnosis of melanoma, and found that single lncRNA can effectively distinguish tumor and normal tissue. Moreover, we ran CMap analysis to select a list of small molecule drugs for SKCM, such as EGFR inhibitor AG-490, growth factor receptor inhibitor GW-441756 and apoptosis stimulant betulinic-acid, which have shown therapeutic effect in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Aliyun School of Big Data, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Aliyun School of Big Data, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yinfang Li
- Aliyun School of Big Data, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Fan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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