1
|
Zhou L, Tong Y, Ho BM, Li J, Chan HYE, Zhang T, Du L, He JN, Chen LJ, Tham CC, Yam JC, Pang CP, Chu WK. Etiology including epigenetic defects of retinoblastoma. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2024:100072. [PMID: 38789041 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB), originating from the developing retina, is an aggressive intraocular malignant neoplasm in childhood. Biallelic loss of RB1 is conventionally considered a prerequisite for initiating RB development in most RB cases. Additional genetic mutations arising from genome instability following RB1 mutations are proposed to be required to promote RB development. Recent advancements in high throughput sequencing technologies allow a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the etiology of RB that additional genetic alterations following RB1 biallelic loss are rare, yet epigenetic changes driven by RB1 loss emerge as a critical contributor promoting RB tumorigenesis. Multiple epigenetic regulators have been found to be dysregulated and to contribute to RB development, including noncoding RNAs, DNA methylations, RNA modifications, chromatin conformations, and histone modifications. A full understanding of the roles of genetic and epigenetic alterations in RB formation is crucial in facilitating the translation of these findings into effective treatment strategies for RB. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning genetic defects and epigenetic dysregulations in RB, aiming to help understand their links and roles in RB tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linbin Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yan Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Bo Man Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hoi Ying Emily Chan
- Medicine Programme Global Physician-Leadership Stream, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jing Na He
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Clement C Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jason C Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abramson DH, Robbins MA, Gobin YP, Dunkel IJ, Francis JH. Circulating Tumor DNA Posttreatment Measurements and Clinical Correlates in Retinoblastoma. JAMA Ophthalmol 2024; 142:257-261. [PMID: 38300595 PMCID: PMC10835605 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.6516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Importance Plasma measurements of RB1 circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) after completion of treatment may be associated with the development of metastases in patients with retinoblastoma. Objective To determine if the absence of previously detectable plasma ctDNA is associated with metastasis-free survival in patients with a minimum of 1 year follow-up after treatment of retinoblastoma. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was conducted from June 2019 to September 2023. Patients with retinoblastoma who had measurable ctDNA levels at diagnosis and had repeated ctDNA measurements after ocular treatment (enucleation or intra-arterial chemotherapy) with a minimum of 1 year of follow-up (mean [SD], 28.2 [10.3] months) were included in the study. Patients were recruited from a single-center, tertiary cancer hospital. Exposure Memorial Sloan Kettering's New York State-approved gene test, which interrogates 129 known cancer genes (called ACCESS), was performed on plasma samples before and after ocular treatments. All exons of the RB1 gene are included in the test and listed as ctDNA in this article. Main Outcomes and Measures Plasma ctDNA level before treatment, after completion of ocular treatment, and development or absence of metastases. Results A total of 24 patients (mean [SD] age, 20.7 [17.1] months; 15 female [62.5%]) were included in the study. None of the 23 patients who had a measurable ctDNA level and then no detectable ctDNA level after completion of ocular treatment developed metastases with a minimum of 1 year of follow-up. One patient had persistent measurable ctDNA after initial treatment and developed metastases. Conclusion and Relevance Patients with retinoblastoma who had a measurable ctDNA level at diagnosis did not develop metastases if the plasma ctDNA level became unrecordable after ocular treatment; 1 patient who had persistent measurable ctDNA after treatment did develop metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H. Abramson
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Melissa A. Robbins
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Y. Pierre Gobin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ira J. Dunkel
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jasmine H. Francis
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang J, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Ren Y, Ma Y, Wang Y, Li J, Gao Y, Li C, Cheng C, Su S, Chen S, Zhang P, Lu R. Heterogeneous Expression Patterns of the Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Members in Retinoblastoma Unveil Its Clinical Significance. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:31. [PMID: 38231525 PMCID: PMC10795548 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the expression patterns and clinical significance of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex members in retinoblastoma (RB). Methods Single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from five normal retina, six intraocular, and five extraocular RB samples were integrated to characterize the expression patterns of MCM complex members at the single-cell level. Western blot and quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of MCM complex members in RB cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to validate the expression of MCM complex members in RB patient samples and a RB mouse model. Results The expression of MCM2-7 is increased in RB tissue, with MCM2/3/7 showing particularly higher levels in extraocular RB. MCM3/7 are abundantly detected in cell types associated with oncogenesis. Both mRNA and protein levels of MCM3/4/6/7 are increased in RB cell lines. Immunohistochemistry further confirmed the elevated expression of MCM3 in extraocular RB, with MCM6 being the most abundantly expressed MCM in RB. Conclusions The distinct MCM expression patterns across various RB cell types suggest diverse functional roles, offering valuable insights for targeted therapeutic strategies. The upregulation of MCM3, MCM4, MCM6, and MCM7 in RB, with a specific emphasis on MCM6 as a notable marker, highlights their potential significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinmiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shicai Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marković L, Bukovac A, Varošanec AM, Šlaus N, Pećina-Šlaus N. Genetics in ophthalmology: molecular blueprints of retinoblastoma. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:82. [PMID: 37658463 PMCID: PMC10474694 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents current knowledge on the molecular biology of retinoblastoma (RB). Retinoblastoma is an intraocular tumor with hereditary and sporadic forms. 8,000 new cases of this ocular malignancy of the developing retina are diagnosed each year worldwide. The major gene responsible for retinoblastoma is RB1, and it harbors a large spectrum of pathogenic variants. Tumorigenesis begins with mutations that cause RB1 biallelic inactivation preventing the production of functional pRB proteins. Depending on the type of mutation the penetrance of RB is different. However, in small percent of tumors additional genes may be required, such as MYCN, BCOR and CREBBP. Additionally, epigenetic changes contribute to the progression of retinoblastoma as well. Besides its role in the cell cycle, pRB plays many additional roles, it regulates the nucleosome structure, participates in apoptosis, DNA replication, cellular senescence, differentiation, DNA repair and angiogenesis. Notably, pRB has an important role as a modulator of chromatin remodeling. In recent years high-throughput techniques are becoming essential for credible biomarker identification and patient management improvement. In spite of remarkable advances in retinoblastoma therapy, primarily in high-income countries, our understanding of retinoblastoma and its specific genetics still needs further clarification in order to predict the course of this disease and improve therapy. One such approach is the tumor free DNA that can be obtained from the anterior segment of the eye and be useful in diagnostics and prognostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon Marković
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anja Bukovac
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Maria Varošanec
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nika Šlaus
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Retinoblastoma: From genes to patient care. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 66:104674. [PMID: 36470558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common paediatric neoplasm of the retina, and one of the earliest model of cancer genetics since the identification of the master tumour suppressor gene RB1. Tumorigenesis has been shown to be driven by pathogenic variants of the RB1 locus, but also genomic and epigenomic alterations outside the locus. The increasing knowledge on this "mutational landscape" is used in current practice for precise genetic testing and counselling. Novel methods provide access to pre-therapeutic tumour DNA, by isolating cell-free DNA from aqueous humour or plasma. This is expected to facilitate assessment of the constitutional status of RB1, to provide an early risk stratification using molecular prognostic markers, to follow the response to the treatment in longitudinal studies, and to predict the response to targeted therapies. The aim of this review is to show how molecular genetics of retinoblastoma drives diagnosis, treatment, monitoring of the disease and surveillance of the patients and relatives. We first recap the current knowledge on retinoblastoma genetics and its use in every-day practice. We then focus on retinoblastoma subgrouping at the era of molecular biology, and the expected input of cell-free DNA in the field.
Collapse
|
6
|
Development and characterization of DNA aptamer against Retinoblastoma by Cell-SELEX. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16178. [PMID: 36171412 PMCID: PMC9519959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common paediatric intraocular tumour. The management of RB has improved the survival and vision with recent advances in the treatment. Improved therapeutic approaches focussing on targeting tumours and minimizing the treatment-associated side effects are being developed. In this study, we generated a ssDNA aptamer against RB by cell-SELEX and high-throughput sequencing using Weri-RB1 cell line as the target, and Muller glial cell line Mio-M1 as the control. Three aptamers were selected based on the number of repetitions in NGS and phylogenetic relationship and evaluated by flow cytometry to assess their binding affinity and selectivity. The dissociation constant, Kd values of three selected aptamers were found to be in the nanomolar range. Aptamer VRF-CSRB-01 with the best binding affinity and a Kd value of 49.41 ± 7.87 nM was further characterized. The proteinase and temperature treatment indicated that VRF-CSRB-01 targets surface proteins, and has a good binding affinity and excellent selectivity under physiological conditions. The aptamer VRF-CSRB-01 was stable over 72 h in serum and 96 h in cerebral spinal fluid and vitreous. With the high affinity, specificity, stability and specific recognition of clinical RB tumours, VRF-CSRB-01 aptamer holds potential for application in diagnosis and targeting RB.
Collapse
|
7
|
Le Gall J, Dehainault C, Benoist C, Matet A, Lumbroso-Le Rouic L, Aerts I, Jiménez I, Schleiermacher G, Houdayer C, Radvanyi F, Frouin E, Renault V, Doz F, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Gauthier-Villars M, Cassoux N, Golmard L. Highly Sensitive Detection Method of Retinoblastoma Genetic Predisposition and Biomarkers. J Mol Diagn 2021; 23:1714-1721. [PMID: 34656762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the infant retina. Nearly half of patients are predisposed to retinoblastoma by a germline RB1 pathogenic variant. Nonhereditary retinoblastoma is mainly caused by inactivation of both RB1 alleles at a somatic level. Several polymorphisms have been reported as biomarkers of retinoblastoma risk, aggressiveness, or invasion. The most informative genetic testing is obtained from tumor DNA. Historically, access to tumor DNA has been warranted by the frequent indication of enucleation, which has decreased because of advances in conservative approaches. Recent studies showed that tumor cell-free DNA can be analyzed in aqueous humor from retinoblastoma patients. This report describes a next-generation sequencing method relying on unique molecular identifiers for a highly sensitive detection of retinoblastoma genetic predisposition and biomarkers in a single analysis. It is the first use of unique molecular identifiers for retinoblastoma genetics. This gene panel enables the detection of RB1 point variants, large genome rearrangements, and loss of heterozygosity. It is adapted for genomic DNA extracted from blood or tumor DNA extracted from tumor fragment, aqueous humor, or plasma. The access to tumor cell-free DNA improves the diagnosis of genetic predisposition in case of conservative ocular therapy and provides access to biomarkers guiding the treatment strategy. The analysis of a gene panel is cost-effective and can be easily implemented in diagnostic laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Le Gall
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France; PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Dehainault
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France; PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Camille Benoist
- PSL Research University, Paris, France; Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Matet
- Department of Ocular Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Livia Lumbroso-Le Rouic
- PSL Research University, Paris, France; Department of Ophthalmology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Aerts
- PSL Research University, Paris, France; Oncology Center SIREDO, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Irene Jiménez
- PSL Research University, Paris, France; Oncology Center SIREDO, Institut Curie, Paris, France; INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Gudrun Schleiermacher
- PSL Research University, Paris, France; Oncology Center SIREDO, Institut Curie, Paris, France; INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Claude Houdayer
- Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital and Inserm U1245, Rouen University (UNIROUEN), Normandie University, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - François Radvanyi
- PSL Research University, Paris, France; Molecular Oncology Team, CNRS, UMR144, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eleonore Frouin
- PSL Research University, Paris, France; Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Victor Renault
- PSL Research University, Paris, France; Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - François Doz
- Université de Paris, Paris, France; Oncology Center SIREDO, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Marion Gauthier-Villars
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France; PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Cassoux
- Department of Ocular Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Golmard
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France; PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|