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K. Poddar M, Banerjee S. Molecular Aspects of Pathophysiology of Platelet Receptors. Platelets 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Receptor is a dynamic instrumental surface protein that helps to interact with specific molecules to respond accordingly. Platelet is the smallest in size among the blood components, but it plays many pivotal roles to maintain hemostasis involving its surface receptors. It (platelet) has cell adhesion receptors (e.g., integrins and glycoproteins), leucine-rich repeats receptors (e.g., TLRs, glycoprotein complex, and MMPs), selectins (e.g., CLEC, P-selectin, and CD), tetraspanins (e.g., CD and LAMP), transmembrane receptors (e.g., purinergic—P2Y and P2X1), prostaglandin receptors (e.g., TxA2, PGH2, and PGI2), immunoglobulin superfamily receptors (e.g., FcRγ and FcεR), etc. on its surface. The platelet receptors (e.g., glycoproteins, protease-activated receptors, and GPCRs) during platelet activation are over expressed and their granule contents are secreted (including neurotransmitters, cytokines, and chemokines) into circulation, which are found to be correlated with different physiological conditions. Interestingly, platelets promote metastasis through circulation protecting from cytolysis and endogenous immune surveillance involving several platelets receptors. The updated knowledge about different types of platelet receptors in all probable aspects, including their inter- and intra-signaling mechanisms, are discussed with respect to not only its (platelets) receptor type but also under different pathophysiological conditions.
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2
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Dong X, Cheng Q, Long Y, Xu C, Fang H, Chen Y, Dai H. A chitosan based scaffold with enhanced mechanical and biocompatible performance for biomedical applications. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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3
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Carvalho FA, Guedes AF, Duval C, Macrae FL, Swithenbank L, Farrell DH, Ariëns RA, Santos NC. The 95RGD 97 sequence on the Aα chain of fibrinogen is essential for binding to its erythrocyte receptor. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1985-1992. [PMID: 29662311 PMCID: PMC5892956 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s154523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erythrocyte aggregation, a cardiovascular risk factor, is increased by high plasma fibrinogen levels. Here, the effect of different fibrinogen mutations on binding to its human erythrocyte receptor was assessed in order to identify the interaction sites. Methods Three fibrinogen variants were tested, specifically mutated in their putative integrin recognition sites on the Aα chain (mutants D97E, D574E and D97E/D574E) and compared with wild-type fibrinogen. Results Atomic force microscopy-based force spectroscopy measurements showed a significant decrease both on the fibrinogen-erythrocyte binding force and on its frequency for fibrinogen with the D97E mutation, indicating that the corresponding arginine-glycine-aspartate sequence (residues 95-97) is involved in this interaction, and supporting that the fibrinogen receptor on erythrocytes has a β3 subunit. Changes in the fibrin clot network structure obtained with the D97E mutant were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Conclusion These findings may lead to innovative perspectives on the development of new therapeutic approaches to overcome the risks of fibrinogen-driven erythrocyte hyperaggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena A Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Guedes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cedric Duval
- Theme Thrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute for Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Fraser L Macrae
- Theme Thrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute for Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Luke Swithenbank
- Theme Thrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute for Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David H Farrell
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Robert As Ariëns
- Theme Thrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute for Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Budnik I, Shenkman B, Savion N. Role of G protein signaling in the formation of the fibrin(ogen)–integrin αIIbβ3–actin cytoskeleton complex in platelets. Platelets 2016; 27:563-75. [DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2016.1147544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Budnik
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute and the Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Shenkman
- National Hemophilia Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Naphtali Savion
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute and the Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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5
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Chaisri P, Chingsungnoen A, Siri S. Repetitive Gly-Leu-Lys-Gly-Glu-Asn-Arg-Gly-Asp Peptide Derived from Collagen and Fibronectin for Improving Cell–Scaffold Interaction. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:2489-500. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1388-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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‘Click’ glycosylation of peptides through cysteine propargylation and CuAAC. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6672-6683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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7
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Chaturvedi A, Hoffman LM, Jensen CC, Lin YC, Grossmann AH, Randall RL, Lessnick SL, Welm AL, Beckerle MC. Molecular dissection of the mechanism by which EWS/FLI expression compromises actin cytoskeletal integrity and cell adhesion in Ewing sarcoma. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2695-709. [PMID: 25057021 PMCID: PMC4161506 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-01-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is the second-most-common bone cancer in children. Driven by an oncogenic chromosomal translocation that results in the expression of an aberrant transcription factor, EWS/FLI, the disease is typically aggressive and micrometastatic upon presentation. Silencing of EWS/FLI in patient-derived tumor cells results in the altered expression of hundreds to thousands of genes and is accompanied by dramatic morphological changes in cytoarchitecture and adhesion. Genes encoding focal adhesion, extracellular matrix, and actin regulatory proteins are dominant targets of EWS/FLI-mediated transcriptional repression. Reexpression of genes encoding just two of these proteins, zyxin and α5 integrin, is sufficient to restore cell adhesion and actin cytoskeletal integrity comparable to what is observed when the EWS/FLI oncogene expression is compromised. Using an orthotopic xenograft model, we show that EWS/FLI-induced repression of α5 integrin and zyxin expression promotes tumor progression by supporting anchorage-independent cell growth. This selective advantage is paired with a tradeoff in which metastatic lung colonization is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashi Chaturvedi
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Laura M Hoffman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | | | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Allie H Grossmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - R Lor Randall
- Center for Children's Cancer Research, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 Department of Orthopaedics, Sarcoma Services, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Stephen L Lessnick
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Center for Children's Cancer Research, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - Alana L Welm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Mary C Beckerle
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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GODEK ML, SAMPSON JA, DUCHSHERER NL, McELWEE Q, GRAINGER DW. Rho GTPase protein expression and activation in murine monocytes/macrophages is not modulated by model biomaterial surfaces in serum-containing in vitro cultures. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 17:1141-1158. [PMID: 17235380 PMCID: PMC1776857 DOI: 10.1163/156856206778530731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Rho GTPase cellular signaling cascade was investigated in pro-monocyte and (monocyte-)macrophage cells by examining GTPase expression and activation in serum-containing cultures on model biomaterials. Abundance of Rho GDI and the Rho GTPase proteins RhoA, Cdc42 and Rac1 was determined in cells grown on tissue culture polystyrene, polystyrene, poly-l-lactide and Teflon(®) AF surfaces. Protein expression was compared based on cell maturity (pro-monocyte to monocyte to macrophage lineages) and by model surface chemistry: Rho proteins were present in the majority of macrophage cells tested on model surfaces suggesting that a pool of Rho proteins is readily available for signaling events in response to numerous activating cues, including biomaterials surface encounter. Rho GTPase activation profiles in these cell lines indicate active Cdc42 and Rho proteins in RAW 264.7, Rac1 and Rho in J774A.1, and Cdc42 and Rac1 in IC-21 cell lines, respectively. Collectively, these proteins are known to play critical roles in all actin-based cytoskeletal rearrangement necessary for cell adhesion, spreading and motility, and remain important to establishing cellular responses required for foreign body reactions in vivo. Differences in Rho GTPase protein expression levels based on cell sourcing (primary versus secondary-derived cell source), or as a function of surface chemistry were insignificant. Rho GTPase expression profiles varied between pro-monocytic non-adherent precursor cells and mature adherent monocyte/macrophage cells. The active GTP-bound forms of the Rho GTPase proteins were detected from monocyte-macrophage cell lines RAW 264.7 and J774A.1 on all polymer surfaces, suggesting that while these proteins are central to cell adhesive behavior, differences in surface chemistry are insufficient to differentially regulate GTPase activation in these cell types. Active Cdc42 was detected from cells cultured on the more-polar tissue culture polystyrene and poly-l-lactide surfaces after several days, but absent from those grown on apolar polystyrene and Teflon(®) AF, indicating some surface influence on this GTPase in serum-containing cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. GODEK
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University,
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - J. A. SAMPSON
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - N. L. DUCHSHERER
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Q. McELWEE
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - D. W. GRAINGER
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University,
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Deng ZJ, Liang M, Toth I, Monteiro M, Minchin RF. Plasma protein binding of positively and negatively charged polymer-coated gold nanoparticles elicits different biological responses. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:314-22. [PMID: 22394123 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.655342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The binding of proteins to nanoparticles is an important event that can determine the biological effect of nanoparticles in the body. We examined plasma protein binding to gold nanoparticles (5-20 nm) with different surface charge. Positively and negatively charged nanoparticles bound a range of proteins whereas neutral nanoparticle bound very little. As little as 25% neutral polymer on the surface of the charged nanoparticles inhibited protein binding, with only slight change in surface charge. Fibrinogen bound with high affinity to both of the charged nanoparticles. However, binding kinetics and protease digestion suggested that the binding orientation for each nanoparticle was different. Only the negatively charged nanoparticles induced cytokine release from THP-1 cells. While common proteins can bind to different nanoparticles, the biological outcome may not be the same. Consequently, knowledge about the composition of the protein corona is not sufficient to predict biological effects of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou J Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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10
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Yi YH, Chang YS, Lin CH, Lew TS, Tang CY, Tseng WL, Tseng CP, Lo SJ. Integrin-mediated membrane blebbing is dependent on sodium-proton exchanger 1 and sodium-calcium exchanger 1 activity. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10316-10324. [PMID: 22270364 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.244962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin signaling and membrane blebbing modulate cell adhesion, spreading, and migration. However, the relationship between integrin signaling and membrane blebbing is unclear. Here, we show that an integrin-ligand interaction induces both membrane blebbing and changes in membrane permeability. Sodium-proton exchanger 1 (NHE1) and sodium-calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1) are membrane proteins located on the bleb membrane. Inhibition of NHE1 disrupts membrane blebbing and decreases changes in membrane permeability. However, inhibition of NCX1 enhances cell blebbing; cells become swollen because of NHE1 induced intracellular sodium accumulation. Our study found that NHE1 induced sodium influx is a driving force for membrane bleb growth, while sodium efflux (and calcium influx) induced by NCX1 in a reverse mode results in membrane bleb retraction. Together, these findings reveal a novel function for NHE1 and NCX1 in membrane blebbing and permeability, and establish a link between membrane blebbing and integrin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hsiang Yi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tien-Shen Lew
- Department of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C., and
| | - Chih-Yung Tang
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Lien Tseng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Ping Tseng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Szecheng J Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C..
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11
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Abstract
Well-understood functions for "traditional" platelet receptors are described, but "newer" receptors are equally discussed. Receptors are described biochemically (structure, ligand(s), protein partners, and function) and whenever possible, their clinical importance (mutations, polymorphisms, syndrome) are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Kauskot
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Wang YY, Lü LX, Shi JC, Wang HF, Xiao ZD, Huang NP. Introducing RGD Peptides on PHBV Films through PEG-Containing Cross-Linkers to Improve the Biocompatibility. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:551-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm100886w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Xin Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Cai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Dang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Ning-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
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Kim BJ, Choi YS, Choi BH, Lim S, Song YH, Cha HJ. Mussel adhesive protein fused with cell adhesion recognition motif triggers integrin-mediated adhesion and signaling for enhanced cell spreading, proliferation, and survival. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:886-92. [PMID: 20336754 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion of cells to a surface is a basic and important requirement in the fields of cell culture and tissue engineering. Previously, we constructed the cell adhesive, fp-151-RGD, by fusion of the hybrid mussel adhesive protein, fp-151, and GRGDSP peptide, one of the major cell adhesion recognition motifs; fp-151-RGD efficiently immobilized cells on coated culture surfaces with no protein and surface modifications, and apparently enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation, and spreading abilities. In the present study, we investigated the potential use of fp-151-RGD as a biomimetic extracellular matrix material at the molecular level by elucidating its substantial effects on integrin-mediated adhesion and signaling. Apoptosis derived from serum deprivation was significantly suppressed on the fp-151-RGD-coated surface, indicating that RGD-induced activation of integrin-mediated signaling triggers the pathway for cell survival. Analysis of the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase clearly demonstrated activation of focal adhesion kinase, a well-established indicator of integrin-mediated signaling, on the fp-151-RGD-coated surface, leading to significantly enhanced cell behaviors, including proliferation, spreading and survival, and consequently, more efficient cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Jin Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
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14
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Hoshino D, Koshikawa N, Seiki M. A p27(kip1)-binding protein, p27RF-Rho, promotes cancer metastasis via activation of RhoA and RhoC. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:3139-48. [PMID: 21087931 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.159715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho family proteins regulate multiple cellular functions including motility and invasion through regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and gene expression. Activation of Rho proteins is controlled precisely by multiple regulators in a spatiotemporal manner. RhoA and/or RhoC are key players that regulate the metastatic activity of malignant tumor cells, and it is therefore of particular interest to understand how activation of these Rho proteins is controlled. We recently identified an upstream regulator of RhoA activation, p27RF-Rho (p27(kip1) releasing factor from RhoA) that acts by freeing RhoA from inhibition by p27(kip1). p27(kip1) is a cell cycle regulator when it is localized to the nucleus, but it binds RhoA and inhibits activation of the latter when it is localized to the cytoplasm. Here, we show that a metastatic variant of mouse melanoma B16 cells (F10) exhibits greater expression of p27RF-Rho, RhoA, and RhoC than the nonmetastatic parental cells (F0). Injection of F10 cells into mouse tail vein resulted in the formation of metastatic lung colonies, whereas prior knockdown of expression of either one of the three proteins using specific shRNA sequences decreased metastasis markedly. p27RF-Rho regulated the activation of RhoA and RhoC and thereby modulated cellular adhesion and motility, in addition to pericellular proteolysis. The Rho activities enhanced by p27RF-Rho had a marked effect upon efficiency of lodging of F10 cells in the lung, which represents an early step of metastasis. p27RF-Rho also regulated metastasis of human melanoma and fibrosarcoma cells. Thus, p27RF-Rho is a key upstream regulator of RhoA and RhoC that controls spreading of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hoshino
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639
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15
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Thomson HA, Treharne AJ, Backholer LS, Cuda F, Grossel MC, Lotery AJ. Biodegradable poly(α-hydroxy ester) blended microspheres as suitable carriers for retinal pigment epithelium cell transplantation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 95:1233-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Binulal N, Deepthy M, Selvamurugan N, Shalumon K, Suja S, Mony U, Jayakumar R, Nair S. Role of Nanofibrous Poly(Caprolactone) Scaffolds in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Attachment and Spreading forIn VitroBone Tissue Engineering—Response to Osteogenic Regulators. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:393-404. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N.S. Binulal
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India
| | - M. Deepthy
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India
| | - N. Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India
| | - K.T. Shalumon
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India
| | - S. Suja
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India
| | - Ullas Mony
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India
| | - R. Jayakumar
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India
| | - S.V. Nair
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India
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Gould CM, Diella F, Via A, Puntervoll P, Gemünd C, Chabanis-Davidson S, Michael S, Sayadi A, Bryne JC, Chica C, Seiler M, Davey NE, Haslam N, Weatheritt RJ, Budd A, Hughes T, Pas J, Rychlewski L, Travé G, Aasland R, Helmer-Citterich M, Linding R, Gibson TJ. ELM: the status of the 2010 eukaryotic linear motif resource. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 38:D167-80. [PMID: 19920119 PMCID: PMC2808914 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear motifs are short segments of multidomain proteins that provide regulatory functions independently of protein tertiary structure. Much of intracellular signalling passes through protein modifications at linear motifs. Many thousands of linear motif instances, most notably phosphorylation sites, have now been reported. Although clearly very abundant, linear motifs are difficult to predict de novo in protein sequences due to the difficulty of obtaining robust statistical assessments. The ELM resource at http://elm.eu.org/ provides an expanding knowledge base, currently covering 146 known motifs, with annotation that includes >1300 experimentally reported instances. ELM is also an exploratory tool for suggesting new candidates of known linear motifs in proteins of interest. Information about protein domains, protein structure and native disorder, cellular and taxonomic contexts is used to reduce or deprecate false positive matches. Results are graphically displayed in a 'Bar Code' format, which also displays known instances from homologous proteins through a novel 'Instance Mapper' protocol based on PHI-BLAST. ELM server output provides links to the ELM annotation as well as to a number of remote resources. Using the links, researchers can explore the motifs, proteins, complex structures and associated literature to evaluate whether candidate motifs might be worth experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn M Gould
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Via A, Gould CM, Gemünd C, Gibson TJ, Helmer-Citterich M. A structure filter for the Eukaryotic Linear Motif Resource. BMC Bioinformatics 2009; 10:351. [PMID: 19852836 PMCID: PMC2774702 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-10-351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many proteins are highly modular, being assembled from globular domains and segments of natively disordered polypeptides. Linear motifs, short sequence modules functioning independently of protein tertiary structure, are most abundant in natively disordered polypeptides but are also found in accessible parts of globular domains, such as exposed loops. The prediction of novel occurrences of known linear motifs attempts the difficult task of distinguishing functional matches from stochastically occurring non-functional matches. Although functionality can only be confirmed experimentally, confidence in a putative motif is increased if a motif exhibits attributes associated with functional instances such as occurrence in the correct taxonomic range, cellular compartment, conservation in homologues and accessibility to interacting partners. Several tools now use these attributes to classify putative motifs based on confidence of functionality. Results Current methods assessing motif accessibility do not consider much of the information available, either predicting accessibility from primary sequence or regarding any motif occurring in a globular region as low confidence. We present a method considering accessibility and secondary structural context derived from experimentally solved protein structures to rectify this situation. Putatively functional motif occurrences are mapped onto a representative domain, given that a high quality reference SCOP domain structure is available for the protein itself or a close relative. Candidate motifs can then be scored for solvent-accessibility and secondary structure context. The scores are calibrated on a benchmark set of experimentally verified motif instances compared with a set of random matches. A combined score yields 3-fold enrichment for functional motifs assigned to high confidence classifications and 2.5-fold enrichment for random motifs assigned to low confidence classifications. The structure filter is implemented as a pipeline with both a graphical interface via the ELM resource and through a Web Service protocol. Conclusion New occurrences of known linear motifs require experimental validation as the bioinformatics tools currently have limited reliability. The ELM structure filter will aid users assessing candidate motifs presenting in globular structural regions. Most importantly, it will help users to decide whether to expend their valuable time and resources on experimental testing of interesting motif candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra Via
- Center for Molecular Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy.
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Conformational Studies of the 313-320 and 313-332 Peptide Fragments Derived from the αIIb Subunit of Integrin Receptor with Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Pept Res Ther 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-009-9187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Sharifmoghadam MR, Valdivieso MH. TheSchizosaccharomyces pombeMap4 adhesin is a glycoprotein that can be extracted from the cell wall with alkali but not with β-glucanases and requires the C-terminal DIPSY domain for function. Mol Microbiol 2008; 69:1476-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Furth ME, Atala A, Van Dyke ME. Smart biomaterials design for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 2007; 28:5068-73. [PMID: 17706763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As a prominent tool in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering (TE) has been an active field of scientific research for nearly three decades. Clinical application of TE technologies has been relatively restricted, however, owing in part to the limited number of biomaterials that are approved for human use. While many excellent biomaterials have been developed in recent years, their translation into clinical practice has been slow. As a consequence, many investigators still employ biodegradable polymers that were first approved for use in humans over 30 years ago. During normal development tissue morphogenesis is heavily influenced by the interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Yet simple polymers, while providing architectural support for neo-tissue development, do not adequately mimic the complex interactions between adult stem and progenitor cells and the ECM that promote functional tissue regeneration. Future advances in TE and regenerative medicine will depend on the development of "smart" biomaterials that actively participate in the formation of functional tissue. Clinical translation of these new classes of biomaterials will be supported by many of the same evaluation tools as those developed and described by Professor David F. Williams and colleagues over the past 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Furth
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Abstract
Iron is a micronutrient that is an essential component that drives many metabolic reactions. Too little iron leads to anemia and too much iron increases the oxidative stress of body tissues leading to inflammation, cell death, and system organ dysfunction, including cancer. Maintaining normal iron balance is achieved by rigorous control of the amount absorbed by the intestine, that released from macrophages following erythrophagocytosis of effete red cells and by either release or uptake from hepatocytes. Hepcidin is a recently characterized molecule that appears to play a key role in the regulation of iron efflux from enterocytes, macrophages, and hepatocytes. It is produced by hepatocytes under basal conditions, in response to alterations in increased iron stores or reduced requirement for erythropoiesis and by inflammation. The proteins that regulate hepcidin expression are presently being defined, albeit that our present understanding is still far from complete. This review focuses on the molecules which regulate hepcidin expression. The subsequent characterization of these proteins using molecular, cellular, and physiological approaches also is discussed along with inflammatory signals and receptors involved in hepcidin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip S Oates
- Physiology M311, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.
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Ory B, Blanchard F, Battaglia S, Gouin F, Rédini F, Heymann D. Zoledronic acid activates the DNA S-phase checkpoint and induces osteosarcoma cell death characterized by apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease-G translocation independently of p53 and retinoblastoma status. Mol Pharmacol 2006; 71:333-43. [PMID: 17050806 DOI: 10.1124/mol.106.028837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms responsible for the cellular effects of the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (Zol) were assessed on several osteosarcoma cell lines differing in their p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) status. Zol inhibited cell proliferation and increased atypical apoptosis. The Zol effects on proliferation were due to cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M phases subsequent to the activation of the intra-S DNA damage checkpoint with an increase in P-ATR, P-chk1, Wee1, and P-cdc2 levels and a decrease in cdc25c, regardless of the p53 and Rb status. In addition, the atypic apoptosis induced by Zol was independent of caspase activation, and it was characterized by nuclear alterations, increased Bax expression, and reduced Bcl-2 level. Furthermore, mitochondrial permeability was up-regulated by Zol independently of p53 in association with the translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease-G (EndoG). Zol also disturbed cytoskeletal organization and cell junctions and inhibited cell migration and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinases. The main difficulty encountered in treating cancer relates to mutations in key genes such as p53, Rb, or proteins affecting caspase signaling carried by many tumor cells. We have demonstrated for the first time that zoledronic acid activated the DNA damage S-phase checkpoint and the mitochondrial pathway via AIF and EndoG translocation, and it inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death, bypassing these potentials mutations. Therefore, zoledronic acid may be considered as an effective therapeutic agent in clinical trials of osteosarcoma in which mutation for p53 and Rb very often occur, and where current treatment with traditional chemotherapeutic agents is ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ory
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ERI 7, 44035 Nantes cedex 1, France
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