1
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Suzuki S, Suzuki S, Sato-Nagaoka Y, Ito C, Takahashi S. Identification of triciribine as a novel myeloid cell differentiation inducer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303428. [PMID: 38743735 PMCID: PMC11093380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Differentiation therapy using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is well established. However, because the narrow application and tolerance development of ATRA need to be improved, we searched for another efficient myeloid differentiation inducer. Kinase activation is involved in leukemia biology and differentiation block. To identify novel myeloid differentiation inducers, we used a Kinase Inhibitor Screening Library. Using a nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction assay and real-time quantitative PCR using NB4 APL cells, we revealed that, PD169316, SB203580, SB202190 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), and triciribine (TCN) (Akt inhibitor) potently increased the expression of CD11b. We focused on TCN because it was reported to be well tolerated by patients with advanced hematological malignancies. Nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio was significantly decreased, and myelomonocytic markers (CD11b and CD11c) were potently induced by TCN in both NB4 and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M2 derived HL-60 cells. Western blot analysis using NB4 cells demonstrated that TCN promoted ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas p38 MAPK phosphorylation was not affected, suggesting that activation of the ERK pathway is involved in TCN-induced differentiation. We further examined that whether ATRA may affect phosphorylation of ERK and p38, and found that there was no obvious effect, suggesting that ATRA induced differentiation is different from TCN effect. To reveal the molecular mechanisms involved in TCN-induced differentiation, we performed microarray analysis. Pathway analysis using DAVID software indicated that "hematopoietic cell lineage" and "cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" pathways were enriched with high significance. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that components of these pathways including IL1β, CD3D, IL5RA, ITGA6, CD44, ITGA2B, CD37, CD9, CSF2RA, and IL3RA, were upregulated by TCN-induced differentiation. Collectively, we identified TCN as a novel myeloid cell differentiation inducer, and trials of TCN for APL and non-APL leukemia are worthy of exploration in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Myeloid Cells/drug effects
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- CD11b Antigen/metabolism
- CD11b Antigen/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- HL-60 Cells
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Souma Suzuki
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Susumu Suzuki
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuri Sato-Nagaoka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Chisaki Ito
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Takahashi
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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2
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Takahashi S. Kinase Inhibitors and Interferons as Other Myeloid Differentiation Inducers in Leukemia Therapy. Acta Haematol 2021; 145:113-121. [PMID: 34673646 DOI: 10.1159/000519769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation therapy using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is well established for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Several attempts have been made to treat non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients by employing differentiation inducers, such as hypomethylating agents and low-dose cytarabine, with encouraging results. In the present review, I focus on other possible differentiation inducers: kinase inhibitors and interferons (IFNs). A number of kinase inhibitors have been reported to induce differentiation, including CDK inhibitors, GSK3 inhibitors, Akt inhibitors, p38 MAPK inhibitors, Src family kinase inhibitors, Syk inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, and HSP90 inhibitors. Other powerful inducers are IFNs, which were reported to enhance differentiation with ATRA. Although clinical trials for these kinase modulators remain scarce, their mechanisms of action have been, at least partly, clarified. The Raf/MEK/ERK MAPK pathway and the RARα downstream are affected by many of the kinase inhibitors and IFNs and seem to play a pivotal role for the induction of myeloid differentiation. Further clarification of the mechanisms, as well as the establishment of efficient combination therapies with the kinase inhibitors or IFNs, may lead to the development of effective therapeutic strategies for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Takahashi
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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3
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Wang W, Hu W, Xue S, Chen Q, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Zuo W. Vitamin D and Lung Cancer; Association, Prevention, and Treatment. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2188-2200. [PMID: 33225744 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1844245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the common types of malignant disorders and the most prevalent cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Although a wide range of approaches has been examined, strategies in prevention and treatment of lung cancer are still inadequate. Studies show that Vitamin D (VitD) is involved in various biological pathways and has been associated with the etiopathogenesis of several diseases, like cancers. In Vitro and In Vivo experiments have disclosed that VitD plays immunomodulatory and anti-tumor functions. Several lines of evidence have indicated that VitD is involved in the inflammatory settings of the lung. Epidemiological studies have reported that sufficient levels of VitD might be critical in the prevention of lung cancer. Polymorphisms in the genes encoding the different molecules involved in the signaling of VitD might affect the lung cancer risk as well as the quality and quantity of responses to different treatments. In this review article, we intended to clarify the implications of VitD in the normal biology and physiology of the lung and discuss diverse line of evidence about the possible role of VitD in the prevention or treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medial University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Shihang Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medial University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medial University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medial University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Haina Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medial University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medial University, Ningbo, P.R. China
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4
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Caraffini V, Geiger O, Rosenberger A, Hatzl S, Perfler B, Berg JL, Lim C, Strobl H, Kashofer K, Schauer S, Beham-Schmid C, Hoefler G, Geissler K, Quehenberger F, Kolch W, Athineos D, Blyth K, Wölfler A, Sill H, Zebisch A. Loss of RAF kinase inhibitor protein is involved in myelomonocytic differentiation and aggravates RAS-driven myeloid leukemogenesis. Haematologica 2020; 105:375-386. [PMID: 31097632 PMCID: PMC7012480 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.209650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS-signaling mutations induce the myelomonocytic differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Moreover, they are important players in the development of myeloid neoplasias. RAF kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a negative regulator of RAS-signaling. As RKIP loss has recently been described in RAS-mutated myelomonocytic acute myeloid leukemia, we now aimed to analyze its role in myelomonocytic differentiation and RAS-driven leukemogenesis. Therefore, we initially analyzed RKIP expression during human and murine hematopoietic differentiation and observed that it is high in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and lymphoid cells but decreases in cells belonging to the myeloid lineage. By employing short hairpin RNA knockdown experiments in CD34+ umbilical cord blood cells and the undifferentiated acute myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60, we show that RKIP loss is indeed functionally involved in myelomonocytic lineage commitment and drives the myelomonocytic differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. These results could be confirmed in vivo, where Rkip deletion induced a myelomonocytic differentiation bias in mice by amplifying the effects of granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor. We further show that RKIP is of relevance for RAS-driven myelomonocytic leukemogenesis by demonstrating that Rkip deletion aggravates the development of a myeloproliferative disease in NrasG12D -mutated mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that RKIP loss increases the activity of the RAS-MAPK/ERK signaling module. Finally, we prove the clinical relevance of these findings by showing that RKIP loss is a frequent event in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and that it co-occurs with RAS-signaling mutations. Taken together, these data establish RKIP as novel player in RAS-driven myeloid leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Geiger
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Stefan Hatzl
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bianca Perfler
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes L Berg
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Clarice Lim
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Kashofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Schauer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Beham-Schmid
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Geissler
- 5 Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Hospital Hietzing, Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Quehenberger
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland and Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Albert Wölfler
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinz Sill
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Zebisch
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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5
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RAF Kinase Inhibitor Protein in Myeloid Leukemogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225756. [PMID: 31744053 PMCID: PMC6888401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RAF kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is an essential regulator of intracellular signaling. A somatic loss of RKIP expression is a frequent event in solid human cancers, and a role of RKIP as metastasis-suppressor is widely accepted nowadays. Recently, RKIP loss has been described in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and a series of other myeloid neoplasias (MNs). Functional in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that RKIP is an essential player within the development of these liquid tumors; however, the respective role of RKIP seems to be complex and multi-faceted. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge about RKIP in myeloid leukemogenesis. We will initially describe its involvement in physiologic hematopoiesis, and will then proceed to discuss its role in the development of AML and other MNs. Finally, we will discuss potential therapeutic implications arising thereof.
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6
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Lian X, Lin YM, Kozono S, Herbert MK, Li X, Yuan X, Guo J, Guo Y, Tang M, Lin J, Huang Y, Wang B, Qiu C, Tsai CY, Xie J, Gao ZJ, Wu Y, Liu H, Zhou XZ, Lu KP, Chen Y. Pin1 inhibition exerts potent activity against acute myeloid leukemia through blocking multiple cancer-driving pathways. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:73. [PMID: 29848341 PMCID: PMC5977460 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing genomic complexity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common form of acute leukemia, poses a major challenge to its therapy. To identify potent therapeutic targets with the ability to block multiple cancer-driving pathways is thus imperative. The unique peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase Pin1 has been reported to promote tumorigenesis through upregulation of numerous cancer-driving pathways. Although Pin1 is a key drug target for treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) caused by a fusion oncogene, much less is known about the role of Pin1 in other heterogeneous leukemia. Methods The mRNA and protein levels of Pin1 were detected in samples from de novo leukemia patients and healthy controls using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The establishment of the lentiviral stable-expressed short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system and the tetracycline-inducible shRNA system for targeting Pin1 were used to analyze the biological function of Pin1 in AML cells. The expression of cancer-related Pin1 downstream oncoproteins in shPin1 (Pin1 knockdown) and Pin1 inhibitor all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treated leukemia cells were examined by western blot, followed by evaluating the effects of genetic and chemical inhibition of Pin1 in leukemia cells on transformed phenotype, including cell proliferation and colony formation ability, using trypan blue, cell counting assay, and colony formation assay in vitro, as well as the tumorigenesis ability using in vivo xenograft mouse models. Results First, we found that the expression of Pin1 mRNA and protein was significantly increased in both de novo leukemia clinical samples and multiple leukemia cell lines, compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, genetic or chemical inhibition of Pin1 in human multiple leukemia cell lines potently inhibited multiple Pin1 substrate oncoproteins and effectively suppressed leukemia cell proliferation and colony formation ability in cell culture models in vitro. Moreover, tetracycline-inducible Pin1 knockdown and slow-releasing ATRA potently inhibited tumorigenicity of U937 and HL-60 leukemia cells in xenograft mouse models. Conclusions We demonstrate that Pin1 is highly overexpressed in human AML and is a promising therapeutic target to block multiple cancer-driving pathways in AML. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0611-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Lian
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Min Lin
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shingo Kozono
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Megan K Herbert
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohong Yuan
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Jiangrui Guo
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yafei Guo
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Min Tang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Jia Lin
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Bixin Wang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Chenxi Qiu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jane Xie
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ziang Jeff Gao
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yong Wu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Hekun Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China.
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China.
| | - Yuanzhong Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
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Studzinski GP, Harrison JS, Wang X, Sarkar S, Kalia V, Danilenko M. Vitamin D Control of Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation and Leukemia. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1500-12. [PMID: 25694395 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It is now well known that in the mammalian body vitamin D is converted by successive hydroxylations to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), a steroid-like hormone with pleiotropic properties. These include important contributions to the control of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation, as well as the regulation of immune responses in disease. Here, we present recent advances in current understanding of the role of 1,25D in myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis, and the potential of 1,25D and analogs (vitamin D derivatives; VDDs) for the control of hematopoietic malignancies. The reasons for the unimpressive results of most clinical studies of the therapeutic effects of VDDs in leukemia and related diseases may include the lack of a precise rationale for the conduct of these studies. Further, clinical trials to date have generally used extremely heterogeneous patient populations and, in many cases, small numbers of patients, generally without controls. Although low calcemic VDDs have been used and combined with agents that can increase the leukemia cell killing or differentiation effects in acute leukemias, the sequencing of agents used for combination therapy should to be more clearly delineated. Most importantly, it is recommended that in future clinical trials the rationale for the basis of the enhancing action of drug combinations should be clearly articulated and the effects on anticancer immunity should also be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Studzinski
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers, NJ Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Jonathan S Harrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Medical School, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Xuening Wang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers, NJ Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Surojit Sarkar
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Vandana Kalia
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Michael Danilenko
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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8
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Sarkar S, Hewison M, Studzinski GP, Li YC, Kalia V. Role of vitamin D in cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunity to pathogens and cancer. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 53:132-45. [PMID: 26479950 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1094443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in immune cells has opened up a new area of research into immunoregulation by vitamin D, a niche that is distinct from its classical role in skeletal health. Today, about three decades since this discovery, numerous cellular and molecular targets of vitamin D in the immune system have been delineated. Moreover, strong clinical associations between vitamin D status and the incidence/severity of many immune-regulated disorders (e.g. infectious diseases, cancers and autoimmunity) have prompted the idea of using vitamin D supplementation to manipulate disease outcome. While much is known about the effects of vitamin D on innate immune responses and helper T (T(H)) cell immunity, there has been relatively limited progress on the frontier of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity--an arm of host cellular adaptive immunity that is crucial for the control of such intracellular pathogens as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), malaria, and hepatitis C virus (HCV). In this review, we discuss the strong historical and clinical link between vitamin D and infectious diseases that involves cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity, present our current understanding as well as critical knowledge gaps in the realm of vitamin D regulation of host CTL responses, and highlight potential regulatory connections between vitamin D and effector and memory CD8 T cell differentiation events during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Sarkar
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology , University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle , WA , USA .,b Seattle Children's Research Institute, Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Martin Hewison
- c Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), The University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - George P Studzinski
- d Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark , NJ , USA , and
| | - Yan Chun Li
- e Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences , The University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Vandana Kalia
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology , University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle , WA , USA .,b Seattle Children's Research Institute, Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research , Seattle , WA , USA
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9
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Deng L, Zhang R, Tang F, Li C, Xing YY, Xi T. Ursolic acid induces U937 cells differentiation by PI3K/Akt pathway activation. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:15-9. [PMID: 24484591 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. There were few studies on the effects of UA on differentiation, and this is the first time to elucidate the potential effect and molecular mechanism of UA on inducing differentiation in the human leukemia cell line U937. METHODS Wright-Giemsa staining, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay and flow cytometric analysis were utilized to demonstrate the differentiation of U937 cells induced by UA. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay were used to investigate the possible mechanism. RESULTS It was found that UA could induce the differentiation of U937cells and Akt-activity was significantly increased during differentiation. Additionally, LY294002, a PI3K-Akt inhibitor, could block the differentiation of U937 cells induced by UA. CONCLUSION UA could induce the differentiation of U937 cells by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, and it could be a potential candidate as a differentiation-inducing agent for the therapy of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Tang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying-Ying Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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10
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Zhang SP, Niu YN, Yuan N, Zhang AH, Chao D, Xu QP, Wang LJ, Zhang XG, Zhao WL, Zhao Y, Wang JR. Role of autophagy in acute myeloid leukemia therapy. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2013; 32:130-5. [PMID: 22854065 PMCID: PMC3845596 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.012.10073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite its dual role in determining cell fate in a wide array of solid cancer cell lines, autophagy has been robustly shown to suppress or kill acute myeloid leukemia cells via degradation of the oncogenic fusion protein that drives leukemogenesis. However, autophagy also induces the demise of acute leukemia cells that do not express the known fusion protein, though the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Nevertheless, since it can induce cooperation with apoptosis and differentiation in response to autophagic signals, autophagy can be manipulated for a better therapy on acute myeloid leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Tretinoin/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Na Yuan
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center,
| | | | - Dan Chao
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center,
| | | | | | | | - Wen-Li Zhao
- Children's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Zhao
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center,
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11
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Gangula PR, Dong YL, Al-Hendy A, Richard-Davis G, Montgomery-Rice V, Haddad G, Millis R, Nicholas SB, Moseberry D. Protective cardiovascular and renal actions of vitamin D and estrogen. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2013; 5:134-48. [PMID: 23277041 PMCID: PMC3673780 DOI: 10.2741/s362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Both basic science and clinical studies support the concept that vitamin D deficiency is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and renal diseases through its association with diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Understanding the underlying mechanisms may provide a rationale for advocating adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium in all populations, thereby preventing many chronic diseases. This review explores the effect of vitamin D deficiency in the development of cardiovascular and renal diseases, and the role of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes. In addition, it highlights the importance of vitamin D intake for the prevention of adverse long-term health consequences, and in ways to facilitate the management of cardiovascular disease. This is particularly true for African American and postmenopausal women, who are at added risk for cardiovascular disease. We suggest that the negative cardiovascular effects of low vitamin D in postmenopausal women could be improved by a combined treatment of vitamin D and sex steroids acting through endothelium-dependent and/or -independent mechanisms, resulting in the generation of nitric oxide and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandu R Gangula
- Departments of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
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12
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Imran M, Park TJ, Lim IK. TIS21/BTG2/PC3 enhances downregulation of c-Myc during differentiation of HL-60 cells by activating Erk1/2 and inhibiting Akt in response to all-trans-retinoic acid. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:2474-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Kim M, Mirandola L, Pandey A, Nguyen DD, Jenkins MR, Turcel M, Cobos E, Chiriva-Internati M. Application of vitamin D and derivatives in hematological malignancies. Cancer Lett 2012; 319:8-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Yuan C, Zhang YS, Cheng YN, Xue X, Xu WF, Qu XJ. A112, a tamibarotene dimethylaminoethyl ester, may inhibit human leukemia cell growth more potently than tamibarotene. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 53:295-304. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.614707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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MiR-100 regulates cell differentiation and survival by targeting RBSP3, a phosphatase-like tumor suppressor in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncogene 2011; 31:80-92. [PMID: 21643017 PMCID: PMC3253429 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal myeloblasts (mainly granulocyte or monocyte precursors) in the bone marrow and blood. Though great progress has been made for improvement in clinical treatment during the past decades, only minority with AML achieve long-term survival. Therefore, further understanding mechanisms of leukemogenesis and exploring novel therapeutic strategies are still crucial for improving disease outcome. MicroRNA-100 (miR-100), a small non-coding RNA molecule, has been reported as a frequent event aberrantly expressed in patients with AML; however, the molecular basis for this phenotype and the statuses of its downstream targets have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we found that the expression level of miR-100 in vivo was related to the stage of the maturation block underlying the subtypes of myeloid leukemia. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that miR-100 was required to promote the cell proliferation of promyelocytic blasts and arrest them differentiated to granulocyte/monocyte lineages. Significantly, we identified RBSP3, a phosphatase-like tumor suppressor, as a bona fide target of miR-100 and validated that RBSP3 was involved in cell differentiation and survival in AML. Moreover, we revealed a new pathway that miR-100 regulates G1/S transition and S-phase entry and blocks the terminal differentiation by targeting RBSP3, which partly in turn modulates the cell cycle effectors pRB/E2F1 in AML. These events promoted cell proliferation and blocked granulocyte/monocyte differentiation. Our data highlight an important role of miR-100 in the molecular etiology of AML, and implicate the potential application of miR-100 in cancer therapy.
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16
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Oyama K, Takahashi K, Sakurai K. Hydrogen Peroxide Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in Cardiomyoblast H9c2 Cells, Which Is Related to Hypertrophy. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:501-6. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Oyama
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy
| | - Kiyoshi Takahashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy
| | - Koichi Sakurai
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy
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17
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Du J, Sun C, Hu Z, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Zheng D, Gu L, Lu X. Lysophosphatidic acid induces MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells migration through activation of PI3K/PAK1/ERK signaling. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15940. [PMID: 21209852 PMCID: PMC3012724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Enhanced motility of cancer cells is a critical step in promoting tumor metastasis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), representing the major mitogenic activity in serum, stimulates migration in various types of cancer cells. However, the underlying signaling mechanisms for LPA-induced motility of cancer cells remain to be elucidated. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we found that LPA dose-dependently stimulated migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, with 10 µM being the most effective. LPA also increased ERK activity and the MEK inhibitor U0126 could block LPA-induced ERK activity and cell migration. In addition, LPA induced PAK1 activation while ERK activation and cell migration were inhibited by ectopic expression of an inactive mutant form of PAK1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, LPA increased PI3K activity, and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 inhibited both LPA-induced PAK1/ERK activation and cell migration. Moreover, in the breast cancer cell, LPA treatment resulted in remarkable production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while LPA-induced ROS generation, PI3K/PAK1/ERK activation and cell migration could be inhibited by N-acetyl-L-Cysteine, a scavenger of ROS. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, this study identifies a PI3K/PAK1/ERK signaling pathway for LPA-stimulated breast cancer cell migration. These data also suggest that ROS generation plays an essential role in the activation of LPA-stimulated PI3K/PAK1/ERK signaling and breast cancer cell migration. These findings may provide a basis for designing future therapeutic strategy for blocking breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chongqi Sun
- Kangda College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichao Zhu
- Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Datong Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luo Gu
- Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (LG); (XL)
| | - Xiang Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (LG); (XL)
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18
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Ober-Blöbaum JL, Engelhardt G, Hebel S, Rink L, Haase H. Cadmium ions promote monocytic differentiation of human leukemia HL-60 cells treated with 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Biol Chem 2010; 391:1295-303. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCadmium exposure has multiple effects on the immune system. These can be stimulating, leading to improved clearance of infections, or inhibiting, increasing susceptibility toward infectious agents. Onein vivoobservation in cadmium-exposed individuals is increased monocyte numbers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the impact of cadmium on monocyte differentiation in the HL-60 model cell line. Administered alone, cadmium had no effect. However, cadmium amplified the expression of monocyte surface markers CD11b and CD14 when differentiation was induced by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3). Furthermore, differentiation with VD3 in the presence of cadmium augmented key monocyte functions: the capacities to perform phagocytosis and generate an oxidative burst. One important signaling pathway required for monocyte differentiation involves extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. Notably, cadmium induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HL-60 cells. Furthermore, U0126, which inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation by upstream MAPK/ERK kinases (MEK)1/2, reduced VD3-mediated differentiation and abrogated the effects of cadmium. In conclusion, cadmium can augment monocytic differentiation by activating ERK1/2 signaling, leading to increased generation of functional monocytes. These increased monocyte numbers could contribute to the impact of cadmium on the immune system owing to their role in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of T-cells by antigen presentation.
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19
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Protein arginine deiminase 4: a target for an epigenetic cancer therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 68:709-20. [PMID: 20706768 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The recent approvals of anticancer therapeutic agents targeting the histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases have highlighted the important role that epigenetics plays in human diseases, and suggested that the factors controlling gene expression are novel drug targets. Protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is one such target because its effects on gene expression parallel those observed for the histone deacetylases. We demonstrated that F- and Cl-amidine, two potent PAD4 inhibitors, display micromolar cytotoxic effects towards several cancerous cell lines (HL-60, MCF7 and HT-29); no effect was observed in noncancerous lines (NIH 3T3 and HL-60 granulocytes). These compounds also induced the differentiation of HL-60 and HT29 cells. Finally, these compounds synergistically potentiated the cell killing effects of doxorubicin. Taken together, these findings suggest PAD4 inhibition as a novel epigenetic approach for the treatment of cancer, and suggest that F- and Cl-amidine are candidate therapeutic agents for this disease.
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20
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Yang J, Ikezoe T, Nishioka C, Ni L, Koeffler HP, Yokoyama A. Inhibition of mTORC1 by RAD001 (everolimus) potentiates the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to induce growth arrest and differentiation of AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:666-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Hughes PJ, Marcinkowska E, Gocek E, Studzinski GP, Brown G. Vitamin D3-driven signals for myeloid cell differentiation--implications for differentiation therapy. Leuk Res 2009; 34:553-65. [PMID: 19811822 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Primitive myeloid leukemic cell lines can be driven to differentiate to monocyte-like cells by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)), and, therefore, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) may be useful in differentiation therapy of myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Recent studies have provided important insights into the mechanism of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-stimulated differentiation. For myeloid progenitors to complete monocytic differentiation a complex network of intracellular signals has to be activated and/or inactivated in a precise temporal and spatial pattern. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) achieves this change to the 'signaling landscape' by (i) direct genomic modulation of the level of expression of key regulators of cell signaling and differentiation pathways, and (ii) activation of intracellular signaling pathways. An improved understanding of the mode of action of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is facilitating the development of new therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Hughes
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, UK
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22
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Hughes PJ, Brown G. Interplay between signalling pathways mediates 1,25alpha-dihydroxyvitamin D3-driven monocytic differentiation--JNKs are important. Leuk Res 2009; 33:1298-300. [PMID: 19428105 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Wu BX, Zeidan YH, Hannun YA. Downregulation of neutral ceramidase by gemcitabine: Implications for cell cycle regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:730-9. [PMID: 19345744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GMZ) is a chemotherapeutic agent with well established effects on cell growth arrest and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the potential roles of bioactive sphingolipids in mediating the growth suppressing effects of GMZ on a polyoma middle T transformed murine endothelial cell line. After 12-hour GMZ (0.6 microM) treatment, cell growth was arrested at the G(0)/G(1) phase as detected by flow cytometric cell cycle analysis and MTT cell viability analysis, and this was accompanied by dephosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Furthermore, GMZ treatment resulted in increased levels of specifically the very long chain ceramides as determined by mass spectrometry. Mechanistically, GMZ did not appear to affect the activities of many enzymes of ceramide metabolism; however, GMZ caused a selective reduction in the protein levels of neutral ceramidase (NCDase), as indicated by Western blot analysis, with a concomitant decrease in NCDase activity. The significance of NCDase loss on cell cycle regulation was investigated by specific knockdown of the enzyme using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Interestingly, NCDase siRNA transfection was sufficient to induce a cell cycle arrest at G(0)/G(1) and an increase in total ceramide levels, with significant elevation in very long chain ceramides (C(24:1) and C(24:0)). NCDase siRNA also induced Rb dephosphorylation. These data provide evidence for a novel mechanism of action for GMZ and highlight downregulation of NCDase as a critical step in GMZ-mediated ceramide elevation and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill X Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, USA
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